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2121.
Georgiou, Panayiotis G.; Kyriakakis, Chris
A Multiple Input Single Output Model for Rendering Virtual Sound Sources in Real Time Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of ICME 2000, New York, NY, 2000.
@inproceedings{georgiou_multiple_2000,
title = {A Multiple Input Single Output Model for Rendering Virtual Sound Sources in Real Time},
author = {Panayiotis G. Georgiou and Chris Kyriakakis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20MULTIPLE%20INPUT%20SINGLE%20OUTPUT%20MODEL%20FOR%20RENDERING%20VIRTUAL%20SOUND%20SOURCES%20IN%20REAL%20TIME.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of ICME 2000},
address = {New York, NY},
abstract = {Accurate localization of sound in 3-D space is based on variations in the spectrum of sound sources. These variations arise mainly from reflection and diffraction effects caused by the pinnae and are described through a set of Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF’s) that are unique for each azimuth and elevation angle. A virtual sound source can be rendered in the desired location by filtering with the corresponding HRTF for each ear. Previous work on HRTF modeling has mainly focused on the methods that attempt to model each transfer function individually. These methods are generally computationally-complex and cannot be used for real-time spatial rendering of multiple moving sources. In this work we provide an alternative approach, which uses a multiple input single output state space system to creat a combined model of the HRTF’s for all directions. This method exploits the similarities among the different HRTF’s to achieve a significant reduction in the model size with a minimum loss of accuracy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Accurate localization of sound in 3-D space is based on variations in the spectrum of sound sources. These variations arise mainly from reflection and diffraction effects caused by the pinnae and are described through a set of Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF’s) that are unique for each azimuth and elevation angle. A virtual sound source can be rendered in the desired location by filtering with the corresponding HRTF for each ear. Previous work on HRTF modeling has mainly focused on the methods that attempt to model each transfer function individually. These methods are generally computationally-complex and cannot be used for real-time spatial rendering of multiple moving sources. In this work we provide an alternative approach, which uses a multiple input single output state space system to creat a combined model of the HRTF’s for all directions. This method exploits the similarities among the different HRTF’s to achieve a significant reduction in the model size with a minimum loss of accuracy.
2122.
Gratch, Jonathan
Èmile: Marshalling Passions in Training and Education Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp. 325–332, Barcelona, Spain, 2000.
@inproceedings{gratch_emile_2000,
title = {Èmile: Marshalling Passions in Training and Education},
author = {Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Emile-%20Marshalling%20Passions%20in%20Training%20and%20Education.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Autonomous Agents},
pages = {325–332},
address = {Barcelona, Spain},
abstract = {Emotional reasoning can be an important contribution to automated tutoring and training systems. This paper describes �mile, a model of emotional reasoning that builds upon existing approaches and significantly generalizes and extends their capabilities. The main contribution is to show how an explicit planning model allows a more general treatment of several stages of the reasoning process. The model supports educational applications by allowing agents to appraise the emotional significance of events as they relate to students' (or their own) plans and goals, model and predict the emotional state of others, and alter behavior accordingly.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Emotional reasoning can be an important contribution to automated tutoring and training systems. This paper describes �mile, a model of emotional reasoning that builds upon existing approaches and significantly generalizes and extends their capabilities. The main contribution is to show how an explicit planning model allows a more general treatment of several stages of the reasoning process. The model supports educational applications by allowing agents to appraise the emotional significance of events as they relate to students' (or their own) plans and goals, model and predict the emotional state of others, and alter behavior accordingly.
2123.
Gratch, Jonathan
Modeling the Interplay Between Emotion and Decision-Making Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, 2000.
@inproceedings{gratch_modeling_2000,
title = {Modeling the Interplay Between Emotion and Decision-Making},
author = {Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Modeling%20the%20Interplay%20Between%20Emotion%20and%20Decision-Making.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation},
abstract = {Current models of computer-generated forces are limited by their inability to model many of the moderators that influence the performance of real troops in the field such as the effects of stress, emotion, and individual differences. This article discusses an extension to our command and control modeling architecture that begins to address how behavioral moderators influence the command decision-making process. Our Soar-Cfor command architecture was developed under the STOW and ASTT programs to support distributed command and control decision-making in the domain of army aviation planning. We have recently extended this architecture to model how people appraise the emotional significance of events and how these events influence decision making.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Current models of computer-generated forces are limited by their inability to model many of the moderators that influence the performance of real troops in the field such as the effects of stress, emotion, and individual differences. This article discusses an extension to our command and control modeling architecture that begins to address how behavioral moderators influence the command decision-making process. Our Soar-Cfor command architecture was developed under the STOW and ASTT programs to support distributed command and control decision-making in the domain of army aviation planning. We have recently extended this architecture to model how people appraise the emotional significance of events and how these events influence decision making.
2124.
Scholer, Andrew; Rickel, Jeff; Angros, Richard Jr.; Johnson, W. Lewis
Learning Domain Knowledge for Teaching Procedural Tasks Proceedings Article
In: AAAI-2000 Fall Symposium on Learning How to Do Things, 2000.
@inproceedings{scholer_learning_2000,
title = {Learning Domain Knowledge for Teaching Procedural Tasks},
author = {Andrew Scholer and Jeff Rickel and Richard Jr. Angros and W. Lewis Johnson},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Learning%20Domain%20Knowledge%20for%20Teaching%20Procedural%20Tasks.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
booktitle = {AAAI-2000 Fall Symposium on Learning How to Do Things},
abstract = {Providing domain knowledge needed by intelligent tutoring systems to teach a procedure to students is traditionally a difficult and time consuming task. This paper presents a system for making this process easier by allowing the automated tutor to acquire the knowledge it needs through a combination of programming by demonstration, autonomous experimentation, and direct instruction.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Providing domain knowledge needed by intelligent tutoring systems to teach a procedure to students is traditionally a difficult and time consuming task. This paper presents a system for making this process easier by allowing the automated tutor to acquire the knowledge it needs through a combination of programming by demonstration, autonomous experimentation, and direct instruction.
2125.
Gratch, Jonathan
Socially Situated Planning Book Section
In: Socially Intelligent Agents, Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Organizations, vol. 3, pp. 181–188, AAAI Fall Symposium on Socially Intelligent Agents - The Human in the Loop, North Falmouth, MA, 2000.
@incollection{gratch_socially_2000,
title = {Socially Situated Planning},
author = {Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Socially%20Situated%20Planning.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
booktitle = {Socially Intelligent Agents, Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Organizations},
volume = {3},
pages = {181–188},
address = {AAAI Fall Symposium on Socially Intelligent Agents - The Human in the Loop, North Falmouth, MA},
abstract = {Introduction: Virtual environments such as training simulators and video games do an impressive job at modeling the physical dynamics of synthetic worlds but fall short when modeling the social dynamics of anything but the most impoverished human encounters. Yet the social dimension is at least as important as good graphics for creating an engaging game or effective training tool. Commercial flight simulators accurately model the technical aspects of flight but many aviation disasters arise from social breakdowns: poor management skills in the cockpit, or the effects of stress and emotion. Perhaps the biggest consumer of simulation technology, the U.S. military, identifies unrealistic human and organizational behavior as a major limitation of existing simulation technology (NRC, 1998). And of course the entertainment industry has long recognized the importance of good character, emotional attachment and rich social interactions to "put butts in seats." This article describes a research effort to endow virtual training environments with richer models of social behavior. We have been developing autonomous and semi-autonomous software agents that plan and act while situated in a social network of other entities, human and synthetic (Hill et. al, 1997; Tambe, 1997; Gratch and Hill, 1999). My work has focused on making agents act in an organization and obey social constraints, coordinate their behavior, negotiate conflicts, but also obey their own self-interest and show a range of individual differences in their behavior and willingness to violate social norms, albeit within the relatively narrow context of a specific training exercise.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Introduction: Virtual environments such as training simulators and video games do an impressive job at modeling the physical dynamics of synthetic worlds but fall short when modeling the social dynamics of anything but the most impoverished human encounters. Yet the social dimension is at least as important as good graphics for creating an engaging game or effective training tool. Commercial flight simulators accurately model the technical aspects of flight but many aviation disasters arise from social breakdowns: poor management skills in the cockpit, or the effects of stress and emotion. Perhaps the biggest consumer of simulation technology, the U.S. military, identifies unrealistic human and organizational behavior as a major limitation of existing simulation technology (NRC, 1998). And of course the entertainment industry has long recognized the importance of good character, emotional attachment and rich social interactions to "put butts in seats." This article describes a research effort to endow virtual training environments with richer models of social behavior. We have been developing autonomous and semi-autonomous software agents that plan and act while situated in a social network of other entities, human and synthetic (Hill et. al, 1997; Tambe, 1997; Gratch and Hill, 1999). My work has focused on making agents act in an organization and obey social constraints, coordinate their behavior, negotiate conflicts, but also obey their own self-interest and show a range of individual differences in their behavior and willingness to violate social norms, albeit within the relatively narrow context of a specific training exercise.
2126.
Bharitkar, Sunil; Kyriakakis, Chris
Eigenfilters for Signal Cancellation Proceedings Article
In: International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), Hawaii, 2000.
@inproceedings{bharitkar_eigenfilters_2000,
title = {Eigenfilters for Signal Cancellation},
author = {Sunil Bharitkar and Chris Kyriakakis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/EIGENFILTERS%20FOR%20SIGNAL%20CANCELLATION.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
booktitle = {International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)},
address = {Hawaii},
abstract = {Selectively canceling signals at specific locations within an acoustical environment with multiple listeners is of significant importance for home theater, automobile, teleconferencing, office, industrial and other applications. The traditional noise cancellation approach is impractical for such applications because it requires sensors that must be placed on the listeners. In this paper we investigate the theoretical properties of eigenfilters for signal cancellation proposed in [1]. We also investigate the sensitivity of the eigenfilter as a function of the room impulse response duration. Our results show that with the minimum phase model for the room impulse response, we obtain a better behaviour in the sensitivity of the filter to the duration of the room response.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Selectively canceling signals at specific locations within an acoustical environment with multiple listeners is of significant importance for home theater, automobile, teleconferencing, office, industrial and other applications. The traditional noise cancellation approach is impractical for such applications because it requires sensors that must be placed on the listeners. In this paper we investigate the theoretical properties of eigenfilters for signal cancellation proposed in [1]. We also investigate the sensitivity of the eigenfilter as a function of the room impulse response duration. Our results show that with the minimum phase model for the room impulse response, we obtain a better behaviour in the sensitivity of the filter to the duration of the room response.
2127.
Srinivasamurthy, Naveen; Ortega, Antonio; Narayanan, Shrikanth
Efficient Scalable Speech Compression for Scalable Speech Recognition Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2000.
@inproceedings{srinivasamurthy_efficient_2000,
title = {Efficient Scalable Speech Compression for Scalable Speech Recognition},
author = {Naveen Srinivasamurthy and Antonio Ortega and Shrikanth Narayanan},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Efficient%20Scalable%20Speech%20Compression%20for%20Scalable%20Speech%20Recognition.pdf},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Multimedia and Expo},
abstract = {We propose a scalable recognition system for reducing recognition complexity. Scalable recognition can be combined with scalable compression in a distributed speech recognition (DSR) application to reduce both the computational load and the bandwidth requirement at the server. A low complexity preprocessor is used to eliminate the unlikely classes so that the complex recognizer can use the reduced subset of classes to recognize the unknown utterance. It is shown that by using our system it is fairly straightforward to trade-off reductions in complexity for performance degradation. Results of preliminary experiments using the TI-46 word digit database show that the proposed scalable approach can provide a 40% speed up, while operating under 1.05 kbps, compared to the baseline recognition using uncompressed speech.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We propose a scalable recognition system for reducing recognition complexity. Scalable recognition can be combined with scalable compression in a distributed speech recognition (DSR) application to reduce both the computational load and the bandwidth requirement at the server. A low complexity preprocessor is used to eliminate the unlikely classes so that the complex recognizer can use the reduced subset of classes to recognize the unknown utterance. It is shown that by using our system it is fairly straightforward to trade-off reductions in complexity for performance degradation. Results of preliminary experiments using the TI-46 word digit database show that the proposed scalable approach can provide a 40% speed up, while operating under 1.05 kbps, compared to the baseline recognition using uncompressed speech.
2128.
Georgiou, Panayiotis G.; Tsakalides, Panagiotis; Kyriakakis, Chris
Alpha-Stable Modeling of Noise and Robust Time- Delay Estimation in the Presence of Impulsive Noise Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, pp. 291–301, 1999.
@inproceedings{georgiou_alpha-stable_1999,
title = {Alpha-Stable Modeling of Noise and Robust Time- Delay Estimation in the Presence of Impulsive Noise},
author = {Panayiotis G. Georgiou and Panagiotis Tsakalides and Chris Kyriakakis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Alpha-Stable%20Modeling%20of%20Noise%20and%20Robust%20Time-%20Delay%20Estimation%20in%20the%20Presence%20of%20Impulsive%20Noise.pdf},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-09-01},
booktitle = {IEEE Transactions on Multimedia},
volume = {1},
pages = {291–301},
abstract = {A new representation of audio noise signals is proposed, based on symmetric-stable (S S) distributions in order to better model the outliers that exist in real signals. This representation addresses a shortcoming of the Gaussian model, namely, the fact that it is not well suited for describing signals with impulsive behavior. The stable and Gaussian methods are used to model measured noise signals. It is demonstrated that the stable distribution, which has heavier tails than the Gaussian distribution, gives a much better approximation to real-world audio signals. The significance of these results is shown by considering the time delay estimation (TDE) problem for source localization in teleimmersion applications. In order to achieve robust sound source localization, a novel time delay estimation approach is proposed. It is based on fractional lower order statistics (FLOS), which mitigate the effects of heavy-tailed noise. An improvement in TDE performance is demonstrated using FLOS that is up to a factor of four better than what can be achieved with second-order statistics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A new representation of audio noise signals is proposed, based on symmetric-stable (S S) distributions in order to better model the outliers that exist in real signals. This representation addresses a shortcoming of the Gaussian model, namely, the fact that it is not well suited for describing signals with impulsive behavior. The stable and Gaussian methods are used to model measured noise signals. It is demonstrated that the stable distribution, which has heavier tails than the Gaussian distribution, gives a much better approximation to real-world audio signals. The significance of these results is shown by considering the time delay estimation (TDE) problem for source localization in teleimmersion applications. In order to achieve robust sound source localization, a novel time delay estimation approach is proposed. It is based on fractional lower order statistics (FLOS), which mitigate the effects of heavy-tailed noise. An improvement in TDE performance is demonstrated using FLOS that is up to a factor of four better than what can be achieved with second-order statistics.
2129.
Gratch, Jonathan; Hill, Randall W.
Continuous Planning and Collaboration for Command and Control in Joint Synthetic Battlespaces Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, 1999.
@inproceedings{gratch_continuous_1999,
title = {Continuous Planning and Collaboration for Command and Control in Joint Synthetic Battlespaces},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Randall W. Hill},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Continuous%20Planning%20and%20Collaboration%20for%20Command%20and%20Control%20in%20Joint%20Synthetic%20Battlespaces.pdf},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-05-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {In this paper we describe our efforts to model command and control entities for Joint Synthetic Battlespaces. Command agents require a broader repertoire of capabilities than is typically modeled in simulation. They must develop mission plans involving multiple subordinate units, monitor execution, dynamically modify mission plans in response to situational contingencies, collaborate with other decision makers, and deal with a host of organizational issues. We describe our approach to command agent modeling that addresses a number of these issues through its continuous and collaborative approach to mission planning.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we describe our efforts to model command and control entities for Joint Synthetic Battlespaces. Command agents require a broader repertoire of capabilities than is typically modeled in simulation. They must develop mission plans involving multiple subordinate units, monitor execution, dynamically modify mission plans in response to situational contingencies, collaborate with other decision makers, and deal with a host of organizational issues. We describe our approach to command agent modeling that addresses a number of these issues through its continuous and collaborative approach to mission planning.
2130.
Gratch, Jonathan; Marsella, Stacy C.; Hill, Randall W.; III, LTC George Stone
Deriving Priority Intelligence Requirements for Synthetic Command Entities Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL, 1999.
@inproceedings{gratch_deriving_1999,
title = {Deriving Priority Intelligence Requirements for Synthetic Command Entities},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella and Randall W. Hill and LTC George Stone III},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Deriving%20Priority%20Intelligence%20Requirements%20for%20Synthetic%20Command%20Entities.pdf},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-05-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {Simulation-based training is using increasingly complex synthetic forces. As more complex multiechelon synthetic forces are employed in simulations, the need for a realistic model of their command and control behavior becomes more urgent. In this paper we discuss one key component of such a model, the autonomous generation and use of priority intelligence requirements within multi-echelon plans.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Simulation-based training is using increasingly complex synthetic forces. As more complex multiechelon synthetic forces are employed in simulations, the need for a realistic model of their command and control behavior becomes more urgent. In this paper we discuss one key component of such a model, the autonomous generation and use of priority intelligence requirements within multi-echelon plans.
2131.
Kyriakakis, Chris; Tsakalides, Panagiotis; Holman, Tomlinson
Surrounded by Sound: Acquisition and Rendering Methods for Immersive Audio Journal Article
In: Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 55–66, 1999, ISSN: 1053-5888.
@article{kyriakakis_surrounded_1999,
title = {Surrounded by Sound: Acquisition and Rendering Methods for Immersive Audio},
author = {Chris Kyriakakis and Panagiotis Tsakalides and Tomlinson Holman},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Surrounded%20by%20Sound-%20Acquisition%20and%20Rendering%20Methods%20for%20Immersive%20Audio.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/79.743868},
issn = {1053-5888},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {55–66},
abstract = {The authors discuss immersive audio systems and the signal processing issues that pertain to the acquisition and subsequent rendering of 3D sound fields over loudspeakers. On the acquisition side, recent advances in statistical methods for achieving acoustical arrays in audio applications are reviewed. Classical array signal processing addresses two major aspects of spatial filtering, namely localization of a signal of interest, and adaptation of the spatial response of an array of sensors to achieve steering in a given direction. The achieved spatial focusing in the direction of interest makes array signal processing a necessary component in immersive sound acquisition systems. On the rendering side, 3D audio signal processing methods are described that allow rendering of virtual sources around the listener using only two loudspeakers. Finally, the authors discuss the commercial implications of audio DSP.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The authors discuss immersive audio systems and the signal processing issues that pertain to the acquisition and subsequent rendering of 3D sound fields over loudspeakers. On the acquisition side, recent advances in statistical methods for achieving acoustical arrays in audio applications are reviewed. Classical array signal processing addresses two major aspects of spatial filtering, namely localization of a signal of interest, and adaptation of the spatial response of an array of sensors to achieve steering in a given direction. The achieved spatial focusing in the direction of interest makes array signal processing a necessary component in immersive sound acquisition systems. On the rendering side, 3D audio signal processing methods are described that allow rendering of virtual sources around the listener using only two loudspeakers. Finally, the authors discuss the commercial implications of audio DSP.
2132.
Traum, David; Andersen, Carl F.; Chong, Waiyian; Josyula, Darsana; Okamoto, Yoshi; Purang, Khemdut; O'Donovan-Anderson, Michael; Perlis, Don
Representations of Dialogue State for Domain and Task Independent Meta-Dialogue Journal Article
In: Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 3, pp. 125–152, 1999.
@article{traum_representations_1999,
title = {Representations of Dialogue State for Domain and Task Independent Meta-Dialogue},
author = {David Traum and Carl F. Andersen and Waiyian Chong and Darsana Josyula and Yoshi Okamoto and Khemdut Purang and Michael O'Donovan-Anderson and Don Perlis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Representations%20of%20Dialogue%20State%20for%20Domain%20and%20Task%20Independent%20Meta-Dialogue.pdf},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence},
volume = {3},
pages = {125–152},
abstract = {We propose a representation of local dialogue context motivated by the need to react appropriately to meta-dialogue, such as various sorts of corrections to the sequence of an instruction and response action. Such contexts includes at least the following aspects: the words and linguistic structures uttered, the domain correlates of those linguistic structures, and plans and actions in response. Each of these is needed as part of the context in order to be able to correctly interpret the range of possible corrections. Partitioning knowledge of dialogue structure in this way may lead to an ability to represent generic dialogue structure (e.g., in the form of axioms), which can be particularized to the domain, topic and content of the dialogue.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We propose a representation of local dialogue context motivated by the need to react appropriately to meta-dialogue, such as various sorts of corrections to the sequence of an instruction and response action. Such contexts includes at least the following aspects: the words and linguistic structures uttered, the domain correlates of those linguistic structures, and plans and actions in response. Each of these is needed as part of the context in order to be able to correctly interpret the range of possible corrections. Partitioning knowledge of dialogue structure in this way may lead to an ability to represent generic dialogue structure (e.g., in the form of axioms), which can be particularized to the domain, topic and content of the dialogue.
2133.
Gratch, Jonathan
Why You Should Buy an Emotional Planner Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Agents '99 Workshop on Emotion-Based Agent Architectures, 1999.
@inproceedings{gratch_why_1999,
title = {Why You Should Buy an Emotional Planner},
author = {Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Why%20You%20Should%20Buy%20an%20Emotional%20Planner.pdf},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Agents '99 Workshop on Emotion-Based Agent Architectures},
abstract = {Computation models of emotion have begun to address the problem of how agents arrive at a given emotional state, and how that state might alter their reactions to the environment. Existing work has focused on reactive models of behavior and does not, as of yet, provide much insight on how emotion might relate to the construction and execution of complex plans. This article focuses on this later question. I present a model of how agents ap- praise the emotion significance of events that illustrates a complementary relationship between classical planning methods and models of emotion processing. By building on classical planning methods, the model clarifies prior accounts of emotional appraisal and extends these ac- counts to handle the generation and execution of com- plex multi-agent plans.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Computation models of emotion have begun to address the problem of how agents arrive at a given emotional state, and how that state might alter their reactions to the environment. Existing work has focused on reactive models of behavior and does not, as of yet, provide much insight on how emotion might relate to the construction and execution of complex plans. This article focuses on this later question. I present a model of how agents ap- praise the emotion significance of events that illustrates a complementary relationship between classical planning methods and models of emotion processing. By building on classical planning methods, the model clarifies prior accounts of emotional appraisal and extends these ac- counts to handle the generation and execution of com- plex multi-agent plans.
2134.
Bosnak, Robert E.; Bosnak, David E.; Rizzo, Albert
Systems and methods for ai driven generation of content attuned to a user Patent
US20240005583A1, 0369.
@patent{bosnak_systems_369,
title = {Systems and methods for ai driven generation of content attuned to a user},
author = {Robert E. Bosnak and David E. Bosnak and Albert Rizzo},
url = {https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/2a/a6/76/2607333241cd11/US20240005583A1.pdf},
year = {0369},
date = {0369-01-01},
number = {US20240005583A1},
abstract = {Systems and methods enabling rendering an avatar attuned to a user. The systems and methods include receiving audio-visual data of user communications of a user. Using the audio-visual data, the systems and methods may determine vocal characteristics of the user, facial action units representative of facial features of the user, and speech of the user based on a speech recognition model and/or natural language understanding model. Based on the vocal characteristics, an acoustic emotion metric can be determined. Based on the speech recognition data, a speech emotion metric may be determined. Based on the facial action units, a facial emotion metric may be determined. An emotional complex signature may be determined to represent an emotional state of the user for rendering the avatar attuned to the emotional state based on a combination of the acoustic emotion metric, the speech emotion metric and the facial emotion metric.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
Systems and methods enabling rendering an avatar attuned to a user. The systems and methods include receiving audio-visual data of user communications of a user. Using the audio-visual data, the systems and methods may determine vocal characteristics of the user, facial action units representative of facial features of the user, and speech of the user based on a speech recognition model and/or natural language understanding model. Based on the vocal characteristics, an acoustic emotion metric can be determined. Based on the speech recognition data, a speech emotion metric may be determined. Based on the facial action units, a facial emotion metric may be determined. An emotional complex signature may be determined to represent an emotional state of the user for rendering the avatar attuned to the emotional state based on a combination of the acoustic emotion metric, the speech emotion metric and the facial emotion metric.
2135.
2136.
Bosnak, David E.; Bosnak, Robert E.; Rizzo, Albert
US11798217B2, 0000.
@patent{bosnak_systems_nodate,
title = {Systems and methods for automated real-time generation of an interactive avatar utilizing short-term and long-term computer memory structures},
author = {David E. Bosnak and Robert E. Bosnak and Albert Rizzo},
url = {https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/8f/a5/ad/3e30e0837c20ee/US11798217.pdf},
number = {US11798217B2},
abstract = {Systems and methods enabling rendering an avatar attuned to a user. The systems and methods include receiving audio-visual data of user communications of a user. Using the audio-visual data, the systems and methods may determine vocal characteristics of the user, facial action units representative of facial features of the user, and speech of the user based on a speech recognition model and/or natural language understanding model. Based on the vocal characteristics, an acoustic emotion metric can be determined. Based on the speech recognition data, a speech emotion metric may be determined. Based on the facial action units, a facial emotion metric may be determined. An emotional complex signature may be determined to represent an emotional state of the user for rendering the avatar attuned to the emotional state based on a combination of the acoustic emotion metric, the speech emotion metric and the facial emotion metric.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
Systems and methods enabling rendering an avatar attuned to a user. The systems and methods include receiving audio-visual data of user communications of a user. Using the audio-visual data, the systems and methods may determine vocal characteristics of the user, facial action units representative of facial features of the user, and speech of the user based on a speech recognition model and/or natural language understanding model. Based on the vocal characteristics, an acoustic emotion metric can be determined. Based on the speech recognition data, a speech emotion metric may be determined. Based on the facial action units, a facial emotion metric may be determined. An emotional complex signature may be determined to represent an emotional state of the user for rendering the avatar attuned to the emotional state based on a combination of the acoustic emotion metric, the speech emotion metric and the facial emotion metric.
2137.
Gratch, Jonathan
Emotion recognition ≠ Emotion Understanding: Challenges Confronting the Field of Affective Computing Journal Article
In: pp. 9, 0000.
@article{gratch_emotion_nodate,
title = {Emotion recognition ≠ Emotion Understanding: Challenges Confronting the Field of Affective Computing},
author = {Jonathan Gratch},
pages = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2138.
Gervits, Felix; Leuski, Anton; Bonial, Claire; Gordon, Carla; Traum, David
A Classification-Based Approach to Automating Human-Robot Dialogue Journal Article
In: pp. 13, 0000.
@article{gervits_classication-based_nodate,
title = {A Classification-Based Approach to Automating Human-Robot Dialogue},
author = {Felix Gervits and Anton Leuski and Claire Bonial and Carla Gordon and David Traum},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-9323-9_10},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9323-9_10},
pages = {13},
abstract = {We present a dialogue system based on statistical classification which was used to automate human-robot dialogue in a collaborative navigation domain. The classifier was trained on a small corpus of multi-floor Wizard-of-Oz dialogue including two wizards: one standing in for dialogue capabilities and another for navigation. Below, we describe the implementation details of the classifier and show how it was used to automate the dialogue wizard. We evaluate our system on several sets of source data from the corpus and find that response accuracy is generally high, even with very limited training data. Another contribution of this work is the novel demonstration of a dialogue manager that uses the classifier to engage in multifloor dialogue with two different human roles. Overall, this approach is useful for enabling spoken dialogue systems to produce robust and accurate responses to natural language input, and for robots that need to interact with humans in a team setting.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present a dialogue system based on statistical classification which was used to automate human-robot dialogue in a collaborative navigation domain. The classifier was trained on a small corpus of multi-floor Wizard-of-Oz dialogue including two wizards: one standing in for dialogue capabilities and another for navigation. Below, we describe the implementation details of the classifier and show how it was used to automate the dialogue wizard. We evaluate our system on several sets of source data from the corpus and find that response accuracy is generally high, even with very limited training data. Another contribution of this work is the novel demonstration of a dialogue manager that uses the classifier to engage in multifloor dialogue with two different human roles. Overall, this approach is useful for enabling spoken dialogue systems to produce robust and accurate responses to natural language input, and for robots that need to interact with humans in a team setting.
2139.
Hartholt, Arno; McCullough, Kyle; Mozgai, Sharon; Ustun, Volkan; Gordon, Andrew S
Introducing RIDE: Lowering the Barrier of Entry to Simulation and Training through the Rapid Integration & Development Environment Journal Article
In: pp. 11, 0000.
@article{hartholt_introducing_nodate,
title = {Introducing RIDE: Lowering the Barrier of Entry to Simulation and Training through the Rapid Integration & Development Environment},
author = {Arno Hartholt and Kyle McCullough and Sharon Mozgai and Volkan Ustun and Andrew S Gordon},
pages = {11},
abstract = {This paper describes the design, development, and philosophy of the Rapid Integration & Development Environment (RIDE). RIDE is a simulation platform that unites many Department of Defense (DoD) and Army simulation efforts to provide an accelerated development foundation and prototyping sandbox that provides direct benefit to the U.S. Army’s Synthetic Training Environment (STE) as well as the larger DoD and Army simulation communities. RIDE integrates a range of capabilities, including One World Terrain, Non-Player Character AI behaviors, xAPI logging, multiplayer networking, scenario creation, destructibility, machine learning approaches, and multi-platform support. The goal of RIDE is to create a simple, drag-and-drop development environment usable by people across all technical levels. RIDE leverages robust game engine technology while designed to be agnostic to any specific game or simulation engine. It provides decision makers with the tools needed to better define requirements and identify potential solutions in much less time and at much reduced costs. RIDE is available through Government Purpose Rights. We aim for RIDE to lower the barrier of entry to research and development efforts within the simulation community in order to reduce required time and effort for simulation and training prototyping. This paper provides an overview of our objective, overall approach, and next steps, in pursuit of these goals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes the design, development, and philosophy of the Rapid Integration & Development Environment (RIDE). RIDE is a simulation platform that unites many Department of Defense (DoD) and Army simulation efforts to provide an accelerated development foundation and prototyping sandbox that provides direct benefit to the U.S. Army’s Synthetic Training Environment (STE) as well as the larger DoD and Army simulation communities. RIDE integrates a range of capabilities, including One World Terrain, Non-Player Character AI behaviors, xAPI logging, multiplayer networking, scenario creation, destructibility, machine learning approaches, and multi-platform support. The goal of RIDE is to create a simple, drag-and-drop development environment usable by people across all technical levels. RIDE leverages robust game engine technology while designed to be agnostic to any specific game or simulation engine. It provides decision makers with the tools needed to better define requirements and identify potential solutions in much less time and at much reduced costs. RIDE is available through Government Purpose Rights. We aim for RIDE to lower the barrier of entry to research and development efforts within the simulation community in order to reduce required time and effort for simulation and training prototyping. This paper provides an overview of our objective, overall approach, and next steps, in pursuit of these goals.
2140.
Hartholt, Arno; McCullough, Kyle; Mozgai, Sharon; Ustun, Volkan; Gordon, Andrew S
Introducing RIDE: Lowering the Barrier of Entry to Simulation and Training through the Rapid Integration & Development Environment Journal Article
In: pp. 11, 0000.
@article{hartholt_introducing_nodate-1,
title = {Introducing RIDE: Lowering the Barrier of Entry to Simulation and Training through the Rapid Integration & Development Environment},
author = {Arno Hartholt and Kyle McCullough and Sharon Mozgai and Volkan Ustun and Andrew S Gordon},
pages = {11},
abstract = {This paper describes the design, development, and philosophy of the Rapid Integration & Development Environment (RIDE). RIDE is a simulation platform that unites many Department of Defense (DoD) and Army simulation efforts to provide an accelerated development foundation and prototyping sandbox that provides direct benefit to the U.S. Army’s Synthetic Training Environment (STE) as well as the larger DoD and Army simulation communities. RIDE integrates a range of capabilities, including One World Terrain, Non-Player Character AI behaviors, xAPI logging, multiplayer networking, scenario creation, destructibility, machine learning approaches, and multi-platform support. The goal of RIDE is to create a simple, drag-and-drop development environment usable by people across all technical levels. RIDE leverages robust game engine technology while designed to be agnostic to any specific game or simulation engine. It provides decision makers with the tools needed to better define requirements and identify potential solutions in much less time and at much reduced costs. RIDE is available through Government Purpose Rights. We aim for RIDE to lower the barrier of entry to research and development efforts within the simulation community in order to reduce required time and effort for simulation and training prototyping. This paper provides an overview of our objective, overall approach, and next steps, in pursuit of these goals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes the design, development, and philosophy of the Rapid Integration & Development Environment (RIDE). RIDE is a simulation platform that unites many Department of Defense (DoD) and Army simulation efforts to provide an accelerated development foundation and prototyping sandbox that provides direct benefit to the U.S. Army’s Synthetic Training Environment (STE) as well as the larger DoD and Army simulation communities. RIDE integrates a range of capabilities, including One World Terrain, Non-Player Character AI behaviors, xAPI logging, multiplayer networking, scenario creation, destructibility, machine learning approaches, and multi-platform support. The goal of RIDE is to create a simple, drag-and-drop development environment usable by people across all technical levels. RIDE leverages robust game engine technology while designed to be agnostic to any specific game or simulation engine. It provides decision makers with the tools needed to better define requirements and identify potential solutions in much less time and at much reduced costs. RIDE is available through Government Purpose Rights. We aim for RIDE to lower the barrier of entry to research and development efforts within the simulation community in order to reduce required time and effort for simulation and training prototyping. This paper provides an overview of our objective, overall approach, and next steps, in pursuit of these goals.
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