Publications
Search
221.
Lange, Belinda; Flynn, Sheryl
Games for rehabilitation: the voice of the players Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated Technology (ICDVRAT), Valparaiso, Chile, 2010.
@inproceedings{lange_games_2010,
title = {Games for rehabilitation: the voice of the players},
author = {Belinda Lange and Sheryl Flynn},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Games%20for%20rehabilitation-%20the%20voice%20of%20the%20players.pdf},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated Technology (ICDVRAT)},
address = {Valparaiso, Chile},
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to explore the use of video games from the perspective of the disabled player. Over 150 participants responded to an online survey exploring the use of video games for rehabilitation. The respondents represented nine countries throughout the world. The survey consisted of questions regarding subject demographics, living situation, activities of daily living assistance requirements, use of assistive devices, and computer use. Other questions addressed the responders disability. Video game play experience, activity, game play, controller use and accessibility are addressed. Questions regarding the use of currently available off the shelf video games in rehabilitation are explored. Lastly, we surveyed the future of video games and how they can be improved for rehabilitation and leisure enjoyment. The results of this survey are presented. In general, individuals with disabilities enjoy playing video games and play video games often. However, players with disabilities would appreciate educating the game industry about disabilities and how to make games with a more universal game design.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The purpose of this study is to explore the use of video games from the perspective of the disabled player. Over 150 participants responded to an online survey exploring the use of video games for rehabilitation. The respondents represented nine countries throughout the world. The survey consisted of questions regarding subject demographics, living situation, activities of daily living assistance requirements, use of assistive devices, and computer use. Other questions addressed the responders disability. Video game play experience, activity, game play, controller use and accessibility are addressed. Questions regarding the use of currently available off the shelf video games in rehabilitation are explored. Lastly, we surveyed the future of video games and how they can be improved for rehabilitation and leisure enjoyment. The results of this survey are presented. In general, individuals with disabilities enjoy playing video games and play video games often. However, players with disabilities would appreciate educating the game industry about disabilities and how to make games with a more universal game design.
222.
Carter, Steven R.; Buckwalter, John Galen
In: Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, vol. 3, no. Special Issue, pp. 105–125, 2009.
@article{carter_enhancing_2009,
title = {Enhancing Mate Selection through the Internet: A Comparison of Relationship Quality between Marriages arising from an Online Matchmaking System and Marriages arising from Unfettered Selection.},
author = {Steven R. Carter and John Galen Buckwalter},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Enhancing%20Mate%20Selection%20through%20the%20Internet.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-12-01},
journal = {Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships},
volume = {3},
number = {Special Issue},
pages = {105–125},
abstract = {The current work investigates the effects of a broadly adopted online matchmaking site on the nature and quality of married couples formed. Measures of personality, emotion, interests, values and marital adjustment were collected from a sample of married couples who had been introduced by an online matchmaking service, and from a sample of married couples who had met through unfettered choice. Results showed that couples introduced by the online matchmaking site were more similar, and that such similarity in general using the current measures was a strong predictor of marital adjustment in both online matched and comparison couples. Marriages resulting from the online matchmaking service were observed to have significantly higher scores for marital adjustment. We conclude that online matchmaking services based on predictive inference and proscribed selection can be observed to have a significant and meaningful impact on marital quality.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The current work investigates the effects of a broadly adopted online matchmaking site on the nature and quality of married couples formed. Measures of personality, emotion, interests, values and marital adjustment were collected from a sample of married couples who had been introduced by an online matchmaking service, and from a sample of married couples who had met through unfettered choice. Results showed that couples introduced by the online matchmaking site were more similar, and that such similarity in general using the current measures was a strong predictor of marital adjustment in both online matched and comparison couples. Marriages resulting from the online matchmaking service were observed to have significantly higher scores for marital adjustment. We conclude that online matchmaking services based on predictive inference and proscribed selection can be observed to have a significant and meaningful impact on marital quality.
223.
Cukor, Judith; Spitalnick, Josh; Difede, JoAnn; Rizzo, Albert; Rothbaum, Barbara O.
Emerging Treatments for PTSD Journal Article
In: Clinical Psychology Review, 2009.
@article{cukor_emerging_2009,
title = {Emerging Treatments for PTSD},
author = {Judith Cukor and Josh Spitalnick and JoAnn Difede and Albert Rizzo and Barbara O. Rothbaum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Emerging%20treatments%20for%20PTSD.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-12-01},
journal = {Clinical Psychology Review},
abstract = {Recent innovations in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research have identified new treatments with significant potential, as well as novel enhancements to empirically-validated treatments. This paper reviews emerging psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of PTSD. It examines the evidence for a range of interventions, from social and family-based treatments to technological-based treatments. It describes recent findings regarding novel pharmacologic approaches including propranolol, ketamine, prazosin, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Special emphasis is given to the description of virtual reality and D-cycloserine as enhancements to prolonged exposure therapy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recent innovations in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research have identified new treatments with significant potential, as well as novel enhancements to empirically-validated treatments. This paper reviews emerging psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of PTSD. It examines the evidence for a range of interventions, from social and family-based treatments to technological-based treatments. It describes recent findings regarding novel pharmacologic approaches including propranolol, ketamine, prazosin, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Special emphasis is given to the description of virtual reality and D-cycloserine as enhancements to prolonged exposure therapy.
224.
Dutton, William H.; Helsper, Ellen J.; Whitty, Monica T.; Li, Nai; Buckwalter, John Galen; Lee, Erina
The role of the internet in reconfiguring marriages: a cross-national study Journal Article
In: Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, vol. 3, no. Special Issue, pp. 51–59, 2009.
@article{dutton_role_2009,
title = {The role of the internet in reconfiguring marriages: a cross-national study},
author = {William H. Dutton and Ellen J. Helsper and Monica T. Whitty and Nai Li and John Galen Buckwalter and Erina Lee},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20role%20of%20the%20internet%20in%20reconfiguring%20marriages-%20a%20cross-national%20study.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-12-01},
journal = {Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships},
volume = {3},
number = {Special Issue},
pages = {51–59},
abstract = {This study explores the role of the Internet in reconfiguring marriages, introducing couples that meet in person and later marry, through a set of online surveys of married couples in Britain, Australia, and Spain. The study found that a sizeable proportion of online married couples in each country first met their spouse online, usually through an online dating service, chat room or on instant messaging (IM). This was more the case for younger couples. Moreover, the study indicates that meeting online is likely to introduce people to others whom they would not be as likely to meet through other means. The Internet might well open people to more diversity in their choice of a partner, such as by introducing individuals with greater differences in age or education, but with more similar interests and values. These findings are preliminary, but suggestive of significant social trends and indirect implications of social networking in the digital age.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study explores the role of the Internet in reconfiguring marriages, introducing couples that meet in person and later marry, through a set of online surveys of married couples in Britain, Australia, and Spain. The study found that a sizeable proportion of online married couples in each country first met their spouse online, usually through an online dating service, chat room or on instant messaging (IM). This was more the case for younger couples. Moreover, the study indicates that meeting online is likely to introduce people to others whom they would not be as likely to meet through other means. The Internet might well open people to more diversity in their choice of a partner, such as by introducing individuals with greater differences in age or education, but with more similar interests and values. These findings are preliminary, but suggestive of significant social trends and indirect implications of social networking in the digital age.
225.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert; Rogers, Steven A.; York, Philip
Virtual Reality in Paediatric Rehabilitation: A Review Journal Article
In: Developmental Neurorehabilitation, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 224–238, 2009.
@article{parsons_virtual_2009-1,
title = {Virtual Reality in Paediatric Rehabilitation: A Review},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo and Steven A. Rogers and Philip York},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20reality%20in%20paediatric%20rehabilitation-%20A%20review.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/17518420902991719},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-08-01},
journal = {Developmental Neurorehabilitation},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {224–238},
abstract = {Objective: To provide a narrative review of studies regarding the outcomes of Virtual Reality (VR)-based treatment and rehabilitation programmes within the paediatric population. Methods: Studies related to the use of VR across a number of paediatric areas (e.g. cerebral palsy, autism, foetal alcohol syndrome and attention deficits) were identified and summarized. Results: Outcomes from the studies reviewed provide preliminary support for the use of VR. Conclusion: VR may be an effective treatment method for specific disorders, although the generalizability of this literature is hindered by several methodological limitations, such as small samples and the absence of appropriate control participants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: To provide a narrative review of studies regarding the outcomes of Virtual Reality (VR)-based treatment and rehabilitation programmes within the paediatric population. Methods: Studies related to the use of VR across a number of paediatric areas (e.g. cerebral palsy, autism, foetal alcohol syndrome and attention deficits) were identified and summarized. Results: Outcomes from the studies reviewed provide preliminary support for the use of VR. Conclusion: VR may be an effective treatment method for specific disorders, although the generalizability of this literature is hindered by several methodological limitations, such as small samples and the absence of appropriate control participants.
226.
Flynn, Sheryl; Lange, Belinda; Rizzo, Albert; Valero-Cuevas, F. J.; Baker, L.; Winstein, Carolee J.
An overview of a USC Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center: The use of virtual reality for a range of motor impairments Proceedings Article
In: Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference, 2009.
@inproceedings{flynn_overview_2009,
title = {An overview of a USC Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center: The use of virtual reality for a range of motor impairments},
author = {Sheryl Flynn and Belinda Lange and Albert Rizzo and F. J. Valero-Cuevas and L. Baker and Carolee J. Winstein},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/An%20overview%20of%20a%20USC%20Rehabilitation%20Engineering%20Research%20Center-%20The%20use%20of%20virtual%20reality%20for%20a%20range%20of%20motor%20impairments.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-06-01},
booktitle = {Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference},
abstract = {This paper describes the use of Virtual Reality in four projects within a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center at the University of Southern California. The Research Center aims to develop and assess a range of technologies for people aging with and into a disability. One of the deliverables of this Center will be the development of a Virtual Rehabilitation Toolkit, a series of Virtual Reality video based games for use with a range of impairments for a variety of disabilities including spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral palsy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper describes the use of Virtual Reality in four projects within a Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center at the University of Southern California. The Research Center aims to develop and assess a range of technologies for people aging with and into a disability. One of the deliverables of this Center will be the development of a Virtual Rehabilitation Toolkit, a series of Virtual Reality video based games for use with a range of impairments for a variety of disabilities including spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral palsy.
227.
Yeh, Shih-Ching; Newman, Brad; Liewer, Matt; Pair, Jarrell; Treskunov, Anton; Reger, Greg; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Difede, JoAnn; Spitalnick, Josh; McLay, Robert N.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert
A Virtual Iraq System for the Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Proceedings Article
In: IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, Lafayette, LA, 2009.
@inproceedings{yeh_virtual_2009,
title = {A Virtual Iraq System for the Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder},
author = {Shih-Ching Yeh and Brad Newman and Matt Liewer and Jarrell Pair and Anton Treskunov and Greg Reger and Barbara O. Rothbaum and JoAnn Difede and Josh Spitalnick and Robert N. McLay and Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Virtual%20Iraq%20System%20for%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Combat-Related%20Posttraumatic%20Stress%20Disorder.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/VR.2009.4811017},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE Virtual Reality Conference},
address = {Lafayette, LA},
abstract = {Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 5 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper is a follow-up to a paper presented at IEEE VR2006 and will present the rationale and description of a VR PTSD therapy application (Virtual Iraq) and present the findings from its use with active duty service members since the VR2006 presentation. Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego with 20 treatment completers indicate that 16 no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria at post-treatment, with only one not maintaining treatment gains at 3 month follow-up.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 5 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper is a follow-up to a paper presented at IEEE VR2006 and will present the rationale and description of a VR PTSD therapy application (Virtual Iraq) and present the findings from its use with active duty service members since the VR2006 presentation. Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego with 20 treatment completers indicate that 16 no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria at post-treatment, with only one not maintaining treatment gains at 3 month follow-up.
228.
Yeh, Shih-Ching; Newman, Brad; Liewer, Matt; Pair, Jarrell; Treskunov, Anton; Parsons, Thomas D.; Reger, Greg; Spitalnick, Josh; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Rizzo, Albert
Application Development and Clinical Results from a Virtual Iraq System for the Treatment of Iraq War PTSD Proceedings Article
In: IEEE VR, Lafayette, LA, 2009.
@inproceedings{yeh_application_2009,
title = {Application Development and Clinical Results from a Virtual Iraq System for the Treatment of Iraq War PTSD},
author = {Shih-Ching Yeh and Brad Newman and Matt Liewer and Jarrell Pair and Anton Treskunov and Thomas D. Parsons and Greg Reger and Josh Spitalnick and Barbara O. Rothbaum and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Application%20Development%20and%20Clinical%20Results%20from%20a%20Virtual%20Iraq%20System%20for%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Iraq%20War%20PTSD.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-01},
booktitle = {IEEE VR},
address = {Lafayette, LA},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 5 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper is a follow-up to a paper presented at IEEE VR2006 and will present the rationale and description of a VR PTSD therapy application (Virtual Iraq) and present the findings from its use with active duty service members since the VR2006 presentation. Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Controll Team. Results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego with 20 treatment completers indicate that 16 no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria at post-treatment, with only one not maintaining treatment gains at 3 month follow-up.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 5 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper is a follow-up to a paper presented at IEEE VR2006 and will present the rationale and description of a VR PTSD therapy application (Virtual Iraq) and present the findings from its use with active duty service members since the VR2006 presentation. Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Controll Team. Results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego with 20 treatment completers indicate that 16 no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria at post-treatment, with only one not maintaining treatment gains at 3 month follow-up.
229.
Courtney, Chris; Dawson, Michael E.; Schell, Anne M.; Parsons, Thomas D.
In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5638, pp. 459–468, 2009.
@article{courtney_affective_2009,
title = {Affective Computer-Generated Stimulus Exposure: Psychophysiological Support for Increased Elicitation of Negative Emotions in High and Low Fear Subjects},
author = {Chris Courtney and Michael E. Dawson and Anne M. Schell and Thomas D. Parsons},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Affective%20Computer-Generated%20Stimulus%20Exposure-%20Psychophysiological%20Support%20for%20Increased%20Elicitation%20of%20Negative%20Emotions%20in%20High%20and%20Low%20Fear%20Subjects.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {5638},
pages = {459–468},
abstract = {The present study examined physiological measures of affect when viewing images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), computer-generated still images, and computer-generated videos of feared and non-feared stimuli. Twenty low fear (LF) and twelve high (HF) individuals viewed static and moving images of spiders and snakes. In both LF and HF subjects, computer-generated video images elicited more intense affective responses than the IAPS images and the computer-generated stills. Computer-generated still images were as effective in eliciting fear responses as the IAPS. These results suggest computer-generated images can be as or more effective as the IAPS in eliciting fear. Regardless of modality, HF subjects showed stronger physiological responses to their specifically feared stimulus (snake or spider) than to a non-feared stimulus.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present study examined physiological measures of affect when viewing images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), computer-generated still images, and computer-generated videos of feared and non-feared stimuli. Twenty low fear (LF) and twelve high (HF) individuals viewed static and moving images of spiders and snakes. In both LF and HF subjects, computer-generated video images elicited more intense affective responses than the IAPS images and the computer-generated stills. Computer-generated still images were as effective in eliciting fear responses as the IAPS. These results suggest computer-generated images can be as or more effective as the IAPS in eliciting fear. Regardless of modality, HF subjects showed stronger physiological responses to their specifically feared stimulus (snake or spider) than to a non-feared stimulus.
230.
Rizzo, Albert; Newman, Brad; Parsons, Thomas D.; Difede, JoAnn; Reger, Greg; Holloway, Kevin; Gahm, Greg; McLay, Robert N.; Johnston, Scott; Graap, Ken; Spitalnick, Josh; Bordnick, Patrick; Rothbaum, Barbara O.
Development and Clinical Results from the Virtual Iraq Exposure Therapy Application for PTSD Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of IEEE Explore: Virtual Rehabilitation 2009, 2009.
@inproceedings{rizzo_development_2009,
title = {Development and Clinical Results from the Virtual Iraq Exposure Therapy Application for PTSD},
author = {Albert Rizzo and Brad Newman and Thomas D. Parsons and JoAnn Difede and Greg Reger and Kevin Holloway and Greg Gahm and Robert N. McLay and Scott Johnston and Ken Graap and Josh Spitalnick and Patrick Bordnick and Barbara O. Rothbaum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Development%20and%20Clinical%20Results%20from%20the%20Virtual%20Iraq%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Application%20for%20PTSD.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE Explore: Virtual Rehabilitation 2009},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of (or witnessing/learning about) an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or other threat to one's physical integrity including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Such incidents would be distressing to almost anyone, and are usually experienced with intense fear, horror, and helplessness. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 5 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper will present the rationale and description of a VR PTSD therapy application (Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan) and present initial findings from a number of early studies of its use with active duty service members. Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq with 20 treatment completers indicated that 16 no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria at post-treatment, with only one not maintaining treatment gains at 3 month follow-up.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of (or witnessing/learning about) an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or other threat to one's physical integrity including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Such incidents would be distressing to almost anyone, and are usually experienced with intense fear, horror, and helplessness. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 5 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper will present the rationale and description of a VR PTSD therapy application (Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan) and present initial findings from a number of early studies of its use with active duty service members. Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq with 20 treatment completers indicated that 16 no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria at post-treatment, with only one not maintaining treatment gains at 3 month follow-up.
231.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Courtney, Chris; Cosand, Louise; Iyer, Arvind; Rizzo, Albert; Oie, Kelvin
Assessment of Psychophysiological Differences of West Point Cadets and Civilian Controls Immersed within a Virtual Environment Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition, pp. 514–523, San Diego, CA, 2009.
@inproceedings{parsons_assessment_2009,
title = {Assessment of Psychophysiological Differences of West Point Cadets and Civilian Controls Immersed within a Virtual Environment},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Chris Courtney and Louise Cosand and Arvind Iyer and Albert Rizzo and Kelvin Oie},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Assessment%20of%20Psychophysiological%20Differences%20of%20West%20Point%20Cadets%20and%20Civilian%20Controls%20Immersed%20within%20a%20Virtual%20Environment.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition},
pages = {514–523},
address = {San Diego, CA},
abstract = {An important question for ecologically valid virtual environments is whether cohort characteristics affect immersion. If a method for assessing a certain neurocognitive capacity (e.g. attentional processing) is adapted to a cohort other than the one that was used for the initial normative distribution, data obtained in the new cohort may not be reflective of the neurocognitive capacity in question. We assessed the psychophysiological impact of different levels of immersion upon persons from two cohorts: 1) civilian university students; and 2) West Point Cadets. Cadets were found to have diminished startle eyeblink amplitude compared with civilians, which may reflect that cadets experienced less negative affect during the scenario in general. Further, heart rate data revealed that Cadets had significantly lower heart rates than Civilians in the "low" but not "high" immersion condition. This suggests that "low" immersion conditions may not have the ecological validity necessary to evoke consistent affect across cohorts.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
An important question for ecologically valid virtual environments is whether cohort characteristics affect immersion. If a method for assessing a certain neurocognitive capacity (e.g. attentional processing) is adapted to a cohort other than the one that was used for the initial normative distribution, data obtained in the new cohort may not be reflective of the neurocognitive capacity in question. We assessed the psychophysiological impact of different levels of immersion upon persons from two cohorts: 1) civilian university students; and 2) West Point Cadets. Cadets were found to have diminished startle eyeblink amplitude compared with civilians, which may reflect that cadets experienced less negative affect during the scenario in general. Further, heart rate data revealed that Cadets had significantly lower heart rates than Civilians in the "low" but not "high" immersion condition. This suggests that "low" immersion conditions may not have the ecological validity necessary to evoke consistent affect across cohorts.
232.
Kenny, Patrick G.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Gratch, Jonathan; Rizzo, Albert
Evaluation of Novice and Expert Interpersonal Interaction Skills with a Virtual Patient Proceedings Article
In: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence; Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA), pp. 511–512, Amsterdam, 2009.
@inproceedings{kenny_evaluation_2009,
title = {Evaluation of Novice and Expert Interpersonal Interaction Skills with a Virtual Patient},
author = {Patrick G. Kenny and Thomas D. Parsons and Jonathan Gratch and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evaluation%20of%20Novice%20and%20Expert%20Interpersonal%20Interaction%20Skills%20with%20a%20Virtual%20Patient.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence; Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
volume = {5773},
pages = {511–512},
address = {Amsterdam},
abstract = {Interactive Virtual Standardized Patients (VP) can provide meaningful training for clinicians. These VP’s portray interactive embodied conversational characters with realistic representations of a mental or physical problem to be diagnosed or discussed. This research is a continuation of evaluating of our VP "Justina" which suffers from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from a sexual attack and presents the results of comparing novices, test subjects without medical training, and experts interacting with 'Justina' to find out if they could elicit the proper responses to make a diagnosis and to investigate the topics and questions the novices asked for coverage of the categories and criteria of PTSD as defined in the DSM-IV. It is assumed that novices will perform better than experts, however the main investigation is to gather empirical data and understand why this is true and how this can be used to improve the system. There have not been, to the authors' knowledge, any studies in evaluating experts and non-experts with virtual human characters in the psychological domain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Interactive Virtual Standardized Patients (VP) can provide meaningful training for clinicians. These VP’s portray interactive embodied conversational characters with realistic representations of a mental or physical problem to be diagnosed or discussed. This research is a continuation of evaluating of our VP "Justina" which suffers from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from a sexual attack and presents the results of comparing novices, test subjects without medical training, and experts interacting with 'Justina' to find out if they could elicit the proper responses to make a diagnosis and to investigate the topics and questions the novices asked for coverage of the categories and criteria of PTSD as defined in the DSM-IV. It is assumed that novices will perform better than experts, however the main investigation is to gather empirical data and understand why this is true and how this can be used to improve the system. There have not been, to the authors' knowledge, any studies in evaluating experts and non-experts with virtual human characters in the psychological domain.
233.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Kenny, Patrick G.; Cosand, Louise; Iyer, Arvind; Courtney, Chris; Rizzo, Albert
A Virtual Human Agent for Assessing Bias in Novice Therapists Journal Article
In: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, vol. 17, pp. 253–258, 2009.
@article{parsons_virtual_2009,
title = {A Virtual Human Agent for Assessing Bias in Novice Therapists},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Patrick G. Kenny and Louise Cosand and Arvind Iyer and Chris Courtney and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Virtual%20Human%20Agent%20for%20Assessing%20Bias%20in%20Novice%20Therapists.pdf},
doi = {10.3233/978-1-58603-964-6-253},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},
volume = {17},
pages = {253–258},
abstract = {Monitoring the psychological and physiological activity of persons interacting with virtual humans poses exacting measurement challenges. Three experiments are reported in this paper. In these experiments we made use of Virtual Human Agent technology to assess persons' psychological and physiological responses to Virtual Standardized Patients. The first experiment provided support for the usability of the Virtual Standardized Patients through the use of a virtual character emulating an adolescent male with conduct disorder. In the second experiment we further developed the technology and aimed at assessing whether novice mental health clinicians could conduct an interview with a virtual character that emulates an adolescent female who has recently been physically traumatized. The third experiment looked at the usability of Virtual Standardized Patients for eliciting psychophysiological responses following exposure to virtual humans representing different ethnicities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Monitoring the psychological and physiological activity of persons interacting with virtual humans poses exacting measurement challenges. Three experiments are reported in this paper. In these experiments we made use of Virtual Human Agent technology to assess persons' psychological and physiological responses to Virtual Standardized Patients. The first experiment provided support for the usability of the Virtual Standardized Patients through the use of a virtual character emulating an adolescent male with conduct disorder. In the second experiment we further developed the technology and aimed at assessing whether novice mental health clinicians could conduct an interview with a virtual character that emulates an adolescent female who has recently been physically traumatized. The third experiment looked at the usability of Virtual Standardized Patients for eliciting psychophysiological responses following exposure to virtual humans representing different ethnicities.
234.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Notebaert, Andrew J.; Shields, Edgar W.; Guskiewicz, Kevin M.
Application of Reliable Change Indices To Computerized Neuropsychological Measures of Concussion Journal Article
In: International Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 119, pp. 492–507, 2009.
@article{parsons_application_2009,
title = {Application of Reliable Change Indices To Computerized Neuropsychological Measures of Concussion},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Andrew J. Notebaert and Edgar W. Shields and Kevin M. Guskiewicz},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/APPLICATION%20OF%20RELIABLE%20CHANGE%20INDICES%20TO%20COMPUTERIZED%20NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL%20MEASURES%20OF%20CONCUSSION.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/00207450802330876},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience},
volume = {119},
pages = {492–507},
abstract = {Serial assessments of neurocognitive functioning in athletes with concussion are commonly used for return to play decisions. This study provides reliable change indices (RCIs) for computerized tests from 40 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes that suffered a sports-related concussion. The normative data that resulted from the RCIs and subsequent analyses of differences between improved and not improved athletes may aid both clinicians and researchers to assess whether observed change on neuropsychological measures is reliable change or change due simply to practice effects. Hence, the RCIs presented herein provide information that may be used judiciously by a clinician for assessing meaningful change.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Serial assessments of neurocognitive functioning in athletes with concussion are commonly used for return to play decisions. This study provides reliable change indices (RCIs) for computerized tests from 40 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes that suffered a sports-related concussion. The normative data that resulted from the RCIs and subsequent analyses of differences between improved and not improved athletes may aid both clinicians and researchers to assess whether observed change on neuropsychological measures is reliable change or change due simply to practice effects. Hence, the RCIs presented herein provide information that may be used judiciously by a clinician for assessing meaningful change.
235.
Kenny, Patrick G.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert
A Comparative Analysis between Experts and Novices Interacting with a Virtual Patient with PTSD Journal Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, pp. 122–124, 2009.
@article{kenny_comparative_2009,
title = {A Comparative Analysis between Experts and Novices Interacting with a Virtual Patient with PTSD},
author = {Patrick G. Kenny and Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Comparative%20Analysis%20between%20Experts%20and%20Novices%20Interacting%20with%20a%20Virtual%20Patient%20with%20PTSD.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
pages = {122–124},
abstract = {Virtual patients will provide a means to train the next generation of clinical residents. Interacting and engaging with virtual characters portraying standardized patients can have meaningful outcomes. As a cumulative set of data analysis, we investigate the comparison of how well novices, subjects without any clinical interviewing background, with experts, clinicians, or resident student clinicians with interviewing skills to assess if they could elicit the proper information from verbal interactions with a virtual character.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual patients will provide a means to train the next generation of clinical residents. Interacting and engaging with virtual characters portraying standardized patients can have meaningful outcomes. As a cumulative set of data analysis, we investigate the comparison of how well novices, subjects without any clinical interviewing background, with experts, clinicians, or resident student clinicians with interviewing skills to assess if they could elicit the proper information from verbal interactions with a virtual character.
236.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Iyer, Arvind; Cosand, Louise; Courtney, Chris; Rizzo, Albert
Neurocognitive and Psychophysiological Analysis of Human Performance within Virtual Reality Environments Journal Article
In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol. 142, pp. 247–252, 2009.
@article{parsons_neurocognitive_2009,
title = {Neurocognitive and Psychophysiological Analysis of Human Performance within Virtual Reality Environments},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Arvind Iyer and Louise Cosand and Chris Courtney and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Neurocognitive%20and%20Psychophysiological%20Analysis%20of%20Human%20Performance%20within%20Virtual%20Reality%20Environments.pdf},
doi = {10.3233/978-1-58603-964-6-247},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
volume = {142},
pages = {247–252},
abstract = {Monitoring the neurocognitive and psychophysiological activity of persons operating within a complex environment poses exacting measurement challenges. Three experiments are reported in this paper. In these experiments we made use of VRCPAT to assess persons' neurocognitive and psychophysiological responses to high-fidelity, immersive virtual environments. The first experiment provided continued support for the validity of the VRCPAT as a measure of learning and memory through the use of an increased sample size. In the second experiment we aimed at assessing whether an increase in stimulus complexity would result in a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks. We also wanted to see whether an increase in stimulus intensity would result in a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks. The third experiment looked at participants' psychophysiological responses in both low and high immersion virtual environments.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Monitoring the neurocognitive and psychophysiological activity of persons operating within a complex environment poses exacting measurement challenges. Three experiments are reported in this paper. In these experiments we made use of VRCPAT to assess persons' neurocognitive and psychophysiological responses to high-fidelity, immersive virtual environments. The first experiment provided continued support for the validity of the VRCPAT as a measure of learning and memory through the use of an increased sample size. In the second experiment we aimed at assessing whether an increase in stimulus complexity would result in a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks. We also wanted to see whether an increase in stimulus intensity would result in a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks. The third experiment looked at participants' psychophysiological responses in both low and high immersion virtual environments.
237.
Lange, Belinda; Flynn, Sheryl; Rizzo, Albert
Initial usability assessment of off-the-shelf video game consoles for clinical game-based motor rehabilitation Journal Article
In: Physical Therapy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 355–363, 2009.
@article{lange_initial_2009,
title = {Initial usability assessment of off-the-shelf video game consoles for clinical game-based motor rehabilitation},
author = {Belinda Lange and Sheryl Flynn and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Initial%20usability%20assessment%20of%20off-the-shelf%20video%20game%20consoles%20for%20clinical%20game-based%20motor%20rehabilitation.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Physical Therapy Reviews},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {355–363},
abstract = {Off-the-shelf games for consoles such as the Nintendo Wii, Nintendo WiiFit and Sony PlayStation 2 EyeToy have been developed and tested for the purpose of entertainment. Many clinics are adopting the use of these off-the-shelf devices for exercise, social interaction and rehabilitation because they are affordable, accessible and can be used within the clinic and home. Our group carried out initial usability evaluations for these off-the-shelf games and a prototype game (using an off-the-shelf device) specifically developed for people with disabilities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Off-the-shelf games for consoles such as the Nintendo Wii, Nintendo WiiFit and Sony PlayStation 2 EyeToy have been developed and tested for the purpose of entertainment. Many clinics are adopting the use of these off-the-shelf devices for exercise, social interaction and rehabilitation because they are affordable, accessible and can be used within the clinic and home. Our group carried out initial usability evaluations for these off-the-shelf games and a prototype game (using an off-the-shelf device) specifically developed for people with disabilities.
238.
Kenny, Patrick G.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Difede, JoAnn; Reger, Greg; Rizzo, Albert
Optimizing Clinical Training for the Treatment of PTSD Using Virtual Patients Journal Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, pp. 264–268, 2009.
@article{kenny_optimizing_2009,
title = {Optimizing Clinical Training for the Treatment of PTSD Using Virtual Patients},
author = {Patrick G. Kenny and Thomas D. Parsons and Barbara O. Rothbaum and JoAnn Difede and Greg Reger and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Optimizing%20Clinical%20Training%20for%20the%20Treatment%20of%20PTSD%20Using%20Virtual%20Patients.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
pages = {264–268},
abstract = {Adequate treatment of PTSD is a growing concern for the military. However, there is a shortage of qualified personnel available to apply this treatment. Virtual patient systems offer a novel technology to enhance the training needs of such health providers. This pilot project builds on previous work done with virtual patients and describes a novel scenario wherein a virtual patient is immersed within an exposure therapy simulation while a clinician interacts and guides the virtual patient through the recovery process using exposure therapy for PTSD. While this work is ongoing, preliminary results will be presented.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Adequate treatment of PTSD is a growing concern for the military. However, there is a shortage of qualified personnel available to apply this treatment. Virtual patient systems offer a novel technology to enhance the training needs of such health providers. This pilot project builds on previous work done with virtual patients and describes a novel scenario wherein a virtual patient is immersed within an exposure therapy simulation while a clinician interacts and guides the virtual patient through the recovery process using exposure therapy for PTSD. While this work is ongoing, preliminary results will be presented.
239.
Rizzo, Albert; Difede, JoAnn; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Johnston, Scott; McLay, Robert N.; Reger, Greg; Gahm, Greg; Parsons, Thomas D.; Graap, Ken; Pair, Jarrell
VR PTSD Exposure Therapy Results with Active Duty OIF/OEF Combatants Journal Article
In: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, vol. 17, 2009.
@article{rizzo_vr_2009,
title = {VR PTSD Exposure Therapy Results with Active Duty OIF/OEF Combatants},
author = {Albert Rizzo and JoAnn Difede and Barbara O. Rothbaum and Scott Johnston and Robert N. McLay and Greg Reger and Greg Gahm and Thomas D. Parsons and Ken Graap and Jarrell Pair},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/VR%20PTSD%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Results%20with%20Active%20Duty%20OIF%20OEF%20Combatants.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},
volume = {17},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Reports indicate that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality exposure therapy has been previously used for PTSD with reports of positive outcomes. This paper will present a brief description of the USC/ICT Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan PTSD therapy application and present clinical outcome data from active duty patients treated at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego (NMCSD) as of October 2009. Initial outcomes from the first twenty patients to complete treatment indicate that 16 no longer meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD at post treatment. Research and clinical tests using the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan software are also currently underway at Weill Cornell Medical College, Emory University, Fort Lewis and WRAMC along with 20 other test sites.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Reports indicate that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality exposure therapy has been previously used for PTSD with reports of positive outcomes. This paper will present a brief description of the USC/ICT Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan PTSD therapy application and present clinical outcome data from active duty patients treated at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego (NMCSD) as of October 2009. Initial outcomes from the first twenty patients to complete treatment indicate that 16 no longer meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD at post treatment. Research and clinical tests using the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan software are also currently underway at Weill Cornell Medical College, Emory University, Fort Lewis and WRAMC along with 20 other test sites.
240.
Kenny, Patrick G.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert
Human Computer Interaction in Virtual Standardized Patient Systems Journal Article
In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 514–523, 2009.
@article{kenny_human_2009,
title = {Human Computer Interaction in Virtual Standardized Patient Systems},
author = {Patrick G. Kenny and Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Human%20Computer%20Interaction%20in%20Virtual%20Standardized%20Patient%20Systems.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
pages = {514–523},
abstract = {Interactive computer generated characters can be applied to the medical field as virtual patients for clinical training. The user interface for the virtual characters takes on the same appearance and behavior as a human. To assess if these virtual patients can be used to train skills such as interviewing and diagnosis they need to respond as a patient would. The primary goal of this study was to investigate if clinicians could elicit proper responses from questions relevant for an interview from a virtual patient. A secondary goal was to evaluate psychological variables such as openness and immersion on the question/response composites and the believability of the character as a patient.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Interactive computer generated characters can be applied to the medical field as virtual patients for clinical training. The user interface for the virtual characters takes on the same appearance and behavior as a human. To assess if these virtual patients can be used to train skills such as interviewing and diagnosis they need to respond as a patient would. The primary goal of this study was to investigate if clinicians could elicit proper responses from questions relevant for an interview from a virtual patient. A secondary goal was to evaluate psychological variables such as openness and immersion on the question/response composites and the believability of the character as a patient.
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