Publications
Search
181.
Gil, Yolanda; Hill, Mary; Horel, John; Hsu, Leslie; Kinter, Jim; Knoblock, Craig; Krum, David; Kumar, Vipin; Lermusiaux, Pierre; Liu, Yan; North, Chris; Pierce, Suzanne A.; Pankratius, Victor; Peters, Shanan; Plale, Beth; Pope, Allen; Ravela, Sai; Restrepo, Juan; Ridley, Aaron; Samet, Hanan; Shekhar, Shashi; Babaie, Hassan; Banerjee, Arindam; Borne, Kirk; Bust, Gary; Cheatham, Michelle; Ebert-Uphoff, Imme; Gomes, Carla
Intelligent systems for geosciences: an essential research agenda Journal Article
In: Communications of the ACM, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 76–84, 2018, ISSN: 00010782.
@article{gil_intelligent_2018,
title = {Intelligent systems for geosciences: an essential research agenda},
author = {Yolanda Gil and Mary Hill and John Horel and Leslie Hsu and Jim Kinter and Craig Knoblock and David Krum and Vipin Kumar and Pierre Lermusiaux and Yan Liu and Chris North and Suzanne A. Pierce and Victor Pankratius and Shanan Peters and Beth Plale and Allen Pope and Sai Ravela and Juan Restrepo and Aaron Ridley and Hanan Samet and Shashi Shekhar and Hassan Babaie and Arindam Banerjee and Kirk Borne and Gary Bust and Michelle Cheatham and Imme Ebert-Uphoff and Carla Gomes},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3301004.3192335},
doi = {10.1145/3192335},
issn = {00010782},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-01},
journal = {Communications of the ACM},
volume = {62},
number = {1},
pages = {76–84},
abstract = {A research agenda for intelligent systems that will result in fundamental new capabilities for understanding the Earth system.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A research agenda for intelligent systems that will result in fundamental new capabilities for understanding the Earth system.
182.
Khashe, Saba; Lucas, Gale; Becerik-Gerber, Burcin; Gratch, Jonathan
Establishing Social Dialog between Buildings and Their Users Journal Article
In: International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 1–12, 2018, ISSN: 1044-7318, 1532-7590.
@article{khashe_establishing_2018,
title = {Establishing Social Dialog between Buildings and Their Users},
author = {Saba Khashe and Gale Lucas and Burcin Becerik-Gerber and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10447318.2018.1555346},
doi = {10.1080/10447318.2018.1555346},
issn = {1044-7318, 1532-7590},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-01},
journal = {International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction},
pages = {1--12},
abstract = {Behavioral intervention strategies have yet to become successful in the development of initiatives to foster pro-environmental behaviors in buildings. In this paper, we explored the potentials of increasing the effectiveness of requests aiming to promote pro-environmental behaviors by engaging users in a social dialog, given the effects of two possible personas that are more related to the buildings (i.e., building vs. building manager). We tested our hypotheses and evaluated our findings in virtual and physical environments and found similar effects in both environments. Our results showed that social dialog involvement persuaded respondents to perform more pro-environmental actions. However, these effects were significant when the requests were delivered by an agent representing the building. In addition, these strategies were not equally effective across all types of people and their effects varied for people with different characteristics. Our findings provide useful design choices for persuasive technologies aiming to promote pro-environmental behaviors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Behavioral intervention strategies have yet to become successful in the development of initiatives to foster pro-environmental behaviors in buildings. In this paper, we explored the potentials of increasing the effectiveness of requests aiming to promote pro-environmental behaviors by engaging users in a social dialog, given the effects of two possible personas that are more related to the buildings (i.e., building vs. building manager). We tested our hypotheses and evaluated our findings in virtual and physical environments and found similar effects in both environments. Our results showed that social dialog involvement persuaded respondents to perform more pro-environmental actions. However, these effects were significant when the requests were delivered by an agent representing the building. In addition, these strategies were not equally effective across all types of people and their effects varied for people with different characteristics. Our findings provide useful design choices for persuasive technologies aiming to promote pro-environmental behaviors.
183.
Joshi, Himanshu; Rosenbloom, Paul S; Ustun, Volkan
Exact, Tractable Inference in the Sigma Cognitive Architecture via Sum-Product Networks Journal Article
In: Advances in Cognitive Systems, pp. 31–47, 2018.
@article{joshi_exact_2018,
title = {Exact, Tractable Inference in the Sigma Cognitive Architecture via Sum-Product Networks},
author = {Himanshu Joshi and Paul S Rosenbloom and Volkan Ustun},
url = {http://www.cogsys.org/papers/ACSvol7/papers/paper-7-4.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-01},
journal = {Advances in Cognitive Systems},
pages = {31–47},
abstract = {Sum-product networks (SPNs) are a new kind of deep architecture that support exact, tractable inference over a large class of problems for which traditional graphical models cannot. The Sigma cognitive architecture is based on graphical models, posing a challenge for it to handle problems within this class, such as parsing with probabilistic grammars, a potentially important aspect of language processing. This work proves that an early unidirectional extension to Sigma’s graphical architecture, originally added in service of rule-like behavior but later also shown to support neural networks, can be leveraged to yield exact, tractable computations across this class of problems, and further demonstrates this tractability experimentally for probabilistic parsing. It thus shows that Sigma is able to specify any valid SPN and, despite its grounding in graphical models, retain the desirable inference properties of SPNs when solving them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sum-product networks (SPNs) are a new kind of deep architecture that support exact, tractable inference over a large class of problems for which traditional graphical models cannot. The Sigma cognitive architecture is based on graphical models, posing a challenge for it to handle problems within this class, such as parsing with probabilistic grammars, a potentially important aspect of language processing. This work proves that an early unidirectional extension to Sigma’s graphical architecture, originally added in service of rule-like behavior but later also shown to support neural networks, can be leveraged to yield exact, tractable computations across this class of problems, and further demonstrates this tractability experimentally for probabilistic parsing. It thus shows that Sigma is able to specify any valid SPN and, despite its grounding in graphical models, retain the desirable inference properties of SPNs when solving them.
184.
Wang, Xijing; Krumhuber, Eva G.; Gratch, Jonathan
The interpersonal effects of emotions in money versus candy games Journal Article
In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 79, pp. 315–327, 2018.
@article{wang_interpersonal_2018,
title = {The interpersonal effects of emotions in money versus candy games},
author = {Xijing Wang and Eva G. Krumhuber and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103118301914},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology},
volume = {79},
pages = {315–327},
abstract = {Emotional expressions significantly influence perceivers’ behavior in economic games and negotiations. The current research examined the interpersonal effects of emotions when such information cannot be used to guide behavior for increasing personal gain and when monetary rewards are made salient. For this, a one-shot Public Goods Game (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and Dictator Game (Studies 4 and 5) were employed, in which the dominant strategy to maximize personal payoff is independent from the counterplayers’ intention signaled through their facial expressions (happiness, sadness, and anger). To elicit a monetary mindset, we used money (vs. candy) as the mode of exchange in the games with (Studies 1 and 2) or without (Studies 3, 4, and 5) additional contextual framing (i.e. Wall Street Game vs. Community Game). Across five studies (N = 1211), participants were found to be more generous towards happy and sad targets compared to angry ones. Such behavioral response based on emotional information was accounted for by the trait impressions (i.e. likability, trustworthiness) formed of the counterplayer. This effect was significantly reduced when money acted as the mode of exchange, thereby making participants focus more on their selfgain. Together, the findings extend previous work by highlighting the social functional role of emotions in human exchange and its moderation by money as a transaction medium.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emotional expressions significantly influence perceivers’ behavior in economic games and negotiations. The current research examined the interpersonal effects of emotions when such information cannot be used to guide behavior for increasing personal gain and when monetary rewards are made salient. For this, a one-shot Public Goods Game (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and Dictator Game (Studies 4 and 5) were employed, in which the dominant strategy to maximize personal payoff is independent from the counterplayers’ intention signaled through their facial expressions (happiness, sadness, and anger). To elicit a monetary mindset, we used money (vs. candy) as the mode of exchange in the games with (Studies 1 and 2) or without (Studies 3, 4, and 5) additional contextual framing (i.e. Wall Street Game vs. Community Game). Across five studies (N = 1211), participants were found to be more generous towards happy and sad targets compared to angry ones. Such behavioral response based on emotional information was accounted for by the trait impressions (i.e. likability, trustworthiness) formed of the counterplayer. This effect was significantly reduced when money acted as the mode of exchange, thereby making participants focus more on their selfgain. Together, the findings extend previous work by highlighting the social functional role of emotions in human exchange and its moderation by money as a transaction medium.
185.
Knott, Benjamin A.; Gratch, Jonathan; Cangelosi, Angelo; Caverlee, James
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) Special Issue on Trust and Influence in Intelligent Human-Machine Interaction Journal Article
In: ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1–3, 2018, ISSN: 21606455.
@article{knott_acm_2018,
title = {ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) Special Issue on Trust and Influence in Intelligent Human-Machine Interaction},
author = {Benjamin A. Knott and Jonathan Gratch and Angelo Cangelosi and James Caverlee},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3292532.3281451},
doi = {10.1145/3281451},
issn = {21606455},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-01},
journal = {ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {1–3},
abstract = {Recent advances in machine intelligence and robotics have enabled new forms of human-computer interaction characterized by greater adaptability, shared decision-making, and mixed initiative. These advances are leading toward machines that can operate with relative autonomy but are designed to interact or engage with human counterparts in joint human-machine teams. The degree to which people trust machines is critical to the efficacy of these teams. People will cooperate with, and rely upon, intelligent agents they trust. Those they do not trust fall into disuse. As intelligent agents become more self-directed, learn from their experiences, and adapt behavior over time, the relationship between people and machines becomes more complex, and designing system behaviors to engender the proper level of trust becomes more challenging. Moreover, as intelligent systems become common in safety-critical domains, we must understand and assess the influence they might exert on human decision making to avoid unintended consequences, such as over-trust, compliance, or undue influence. Online social environments further complicate human-machine relationships. In the social media ecosystem, intelligent agents (e.g., chatbots) might act as aids or assistants but also as competitors or adversaries. In this context, research challenges include understanding how human-machine relationships evolve in social media and especially how humans develop trust and are susceptible to influence in social networks.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recent advances in machine intelligence and robotics have enabled new forms of human-computer interaction characterized by greater adaptability, shared decision-making, and mixed initiative. These advances are leading toward machines that can operate with relative autonomy but are designed to interact or engage with human counterparts in joint human-machine teams. The degree to which people trust machines is critical to the efficacy of these teams. People will cooperate with, and rely upon, intelligent agents they trust. Those they do not trust fall into disuse. As intelligent agents become more self-directed, learn from their experiences, and adapt behavior over time, the relationship between people and machines becomes more complex, and designing system behaviors to engender the proper level of trust becomes more challenging. Moreover, as intelligent systems become common in safety-critical domains, we must understand and assess the influence they might exert on human decision making to avoid unintended consequences, such as over-trust, compliance, or undue influence. Online social environments further complicate human-machine relationships. In the social media ecosystem, intelligent agents (e.g., chatbots) might act as aids or assistants but also as competitors or adversaries. In this context, research challenges include understanding how human-machine relationships evolve in social media and especially how humans develop trust and are susceptible to influence in social networks.
186.
Reger, Greg M.; Smolenski, Derek; Edwards-Stewart, Amanda; Skopp, Nancy A.; Rizzo, Albert "Skip"; Norr, Aaron
Does Virtual Reality Increase Simulator Sickness During Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder? Journal Article
In: Telemedicine and eHealth, 2018.
@article{reger_does_2018,
title = {Does Virtual Reality Increase Simulator Sickness During Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?},
author = {Greg M. Reger and Derek Smolenski and Amanda Edwards-Stewart and Nancy A. Skopp and Albert "Skip" Rizzo and Aaron Norr},
url = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/tmj.2018.0175},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-01},
journal = {Telemedicine and eHealth},
abstract = {Purpose: Measurement of simulator-related side effects (SSEs) is an integral component of competent and ethical use of virtual reality exposure (VRE), but common SSEs may overlap with symptoms of anxiety. Limited research exists about the frequency of SSEs during VRE treatment for PTSD and no research compares self-reported SSEs for those undergoing VRE to those participating in exposure therapy without virtual reality. This study compared the SSEs of active duty soldiers with PTSD randomly assigned to exposure therapy via traditional prolonged exposure or VRE. Methodology: A total of 108 soldiers participated in up to 10-sessions of exposure therapy. Of those, 93 provided data on simulator sickness both prior to and after initiation of imaginal exposure. Approximately half (n = 49) used the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan system to support engagement with their trauma memory. Soldiers completed a four-item, self-reported measure of SSE after each session. Results: Controlling for age, sex, baseline anxiety symptoms, and SSE symptom counts at the first two sessions of therapy (before initiating imaginal exposure), there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups in SSEs at the beginning of imaginal exposure or over the course of treatment. This finding suggests that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of SSE measurements during the use of VRE for PTSD. VR did not account for any increase in self-reported SSE. It is possible that anxiety accounts for a meaningful proportion of SSE reports during VRE.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Purpose: Measurement of simulator-related side effects (SSEs) is an integral component of competent and ethical use of virtual reality exposure (VRE), but common SSEs may overlap with symptoms of anxiety. Limited research exists about the frequency of SSEs during VRE treatment for PTSD and no research compares self-reported SSEs for those undergoing VRE to those participating in exposure therapy without virtual reality. This study compared the SSEs of active duty soldiers with PTSD randomly assigned to exposure therapy via traditional prolonged exposure or VRE. Methodology: A total of 108 soldiers participated in up to 10-sessions of exposure therapy. Of those, 93 provided data on simulator sickness both prior to and after initiation of imaginal exposure. Approximately half (n = 49) used the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan system to support engagement with their trauma memory. Soldiers completed a four-item, self-reported measure of SSE after each session. Results: Controlling for age, sex, baseline anxiety symptoms, and SSE symptom counts at the first two sessions of therapy (before initiating imaginal exposure), there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups in SSEs at the beginning of imaginal exposure or over the course of treatment. This finding suggests that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of SSE measurements during the use of VRE for PTSD. VR did not account for any increase in self-reported SSE. It is possible that anxiety accounts for a meaningful proportion of SSE reports during VRE.
187.
Maples-Keller, Jessica L.; Jovanovic, Tanja; Dunlop, Boadie W.; Rauch, Sheila; Yasinski, Carly; Michopoulos, Vasiliki; Coghlan, Callan; Norrholm, Seth; Rizzo, Albert Skip; Ressler, Kerry; Rothbaum, Barbara O.
When translational neuroscience fails in the clinic: Dexamethasone prior to virtual reality exposure therapy increases drop-out rates Journal Article
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2018, ISSN: 08876185.
@article{maples-keller_when_2018,
title = {When translational neuroscience fails in the clinic: Dexamethasone prior to virtual reality exposure therapy increases drop-out rates},
author = {Jessica L. Maples-Keller and Tanja Jovanovic and Boadie W. Dunlop and Sheila Rauch and Carly Yasinski and Vasiliki Michopoulos and Callan Coghlan and Seth Norrholm and Albert Skip Rizzo and Kerry Ressler and Barbara O. Rothbaum},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0887618518301993},
doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.10.006},
issn = {08876185},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-01},
journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders},
abstract = {Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by exaggerated expression of fear responses to danger and safety cues. Translational research suggests that dexamethasone facilitates fear extinction in animal and human fear conditioning models. For this randomized, placebo-controlled trial (N = 27), we aimed to translate these findings to the clinic by using virtual reality exposure (VRE) therapy for OEF/OIF/OND veterans with PTSD to determine whether dexamethasone will increase the efficacy of exposure therapy for VRE relative to placebo. VRE sessions involved imaginal exposure to the most traumatic war memories while viewing a computer-generated view of virtual Iraq or Afghanistan with multisensory stimulus options used to match patient’s description of the trauma. VRE was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms but there was no interaction with dexamethasone. Drop-out rate was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group, with 10 of 13 (76.9%) participants in this group discontinuing, compared to only 4 of 14 (28.5%) in the placebo group, χ2 = 6.31},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by exaggerated expression of fear responses to danger and safety cues. Translational research suggests that dexamethasone facilitates fear extinction in animal and human fear conditioning models. For this randomized, placebo-controlled trial (N = 27), we aimed to translate these findings to the clinic by using virtual reality exposure (VRE) therapy for OEF/OIF/OND veterans with PTSD to determine whether dexamethasone will increase the efficacy of exposure therapy for VRE relative to placebo. VRE sessions involved imaginal exposure to the most traumatic war memories while viewing a computer-generated view of virtual Iraq or Afghanistan with multisensory stimulus options used to match patient’s description of the trauma. VRE was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms but there was no interaction with dexamethasone. Drop-out rate was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group, with 10 of 13 (76.9%) participants in this group discontinuing, compared to only 4 of 14 (28.5%) in the placebo group, χ2 = 6.31
188.
Chen, Meida; Koc, Eyuphan; Shi, Zhuoya; Soibelman, Lucio
Proactive 2D model-based scan planning for existing buildings Journal Article
In: Automation in Construction, vol. 93, pp. 165–177, 2018, ISSN: 09265805.
@article{chen_proactive_2018,
title = {Proactive 2D model-based scan planning for existing buildings},
author = {Meida Chen and Eyuphan Koc and Zhuoya Shi and Lucio Soibelman},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926580517310385},
doi = {10.1016/j.autcon.2018.05.010},
issn = {09265805},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-01},
journal = {Automation in Construction},
volume = {93},
pages = {165–177},
abstract = {Creating a building information model (BIM) is known to be valuable during the life-cycle of a building. In most cases, a BIM of an existing building either does not exist or is out of date. For existing buildings, an as-is BIM is needed to leverage the technology towards building life-cycle objectives. To create an as-is BIM, field surveying is a necessary task in collecting current building related information. Terrestrial laser scanners have been widely accepted as field surveying instruments due to their high level of accuracy. However, laser scanning is a timeconsuming and labor-intensive process. Site revisiting and reworking of the scanning process is generally unavoidable because ofinappropriate datacollection processes. In thiscontext, creatinga scanplan beforegoing to a job-site can improve the data collection process. In this study, the authors have proposed a 2D proactive scanplanning frameworkthatincludesthreemodules: aninformation-gathering module,apreparation module,anda searching module. In addition, three search algorithms — a greedy best-first search algorithm, a greedy search algorithm with a backtracking process, and a simulated annealing algorithm — were compared based on 64 actual building site drawings to identify strength and limitations. The experimental results demonstrate that the greedy search algorithm with a backtracking process could be used to compute an initial scan plan and the simulated annealing algorithm couldbe used tofurther refinethe initial scanplan. This paperwill alsointroduce the results of a case study that deployed the proposed scan-planning framework. In the case study, the resulting 3D-point cloud that was generated based on the proposed framework was compared with the 3D point cloud created with data collected through a planned scanning process performed by a scan technician.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Creating a building information model (BIM) is known to be valuable during the life-cycle of a building. In most cases, a BIM of an existing building either does not exist or is out of date. For existing buildings, an as-is BIM is needed to leverage the technology towards building life-cycle objectives. To create an as-is BIM, field surveying is a necessary task in collecting current building related information. Terrestrial laser scanners have been widely accepted as field surveying instruments due to their high level of accuracy. However, laser scanning is a timeconsuming and labor-intensive process. Site revisiting and reworking of the scanning process is generally unavoidable because ofinappropriate datacollection processes. In thiscontext, creatinga scanplan beforegoing to a job-site can improve the data collection process. In this study, the authors have proposed a 2D proactive scanplanning frameworkthatincludesthreemodules: aninformation-gathering module,apreparation module,anda searching module. In addition, three search algorithms — a greedy best-first search algorithm, a greedy search algorithm with a backtracking process, and a simulated annealing algorithm — were compared based on 64 actual building site drawings to identify strength and limitations. The experimental results demonstrate that the greedy search algorithm with a backtracking process could be used to compute an initial scan plan and the simulated annealing algorithm couldbe used tofurther refinethe initial scanplan. This paperwill alsointroduce the results of a case study that deployed the proposed scan-planning framework. In the case study, the resulting 3D-point cloud that was generated based on the proposed framework was compared with the 3D point cloud created with data collected through a planned scanning process performed by a scan technician.
189.
Yamaguchi, Shuco; Saito, Shunsuke; Nagano, Koki; Zhao, Yajie; Chen, Weikai; Olszewski, Kyle; Morishima, Shigeo; Li, Hao
High-fidelity facial reflectance and geometry inference from an unconstrained image Journal Article
In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1–14, 2018, ISSN: 07300301.
@article{yamaguchi_high-fidelity_2018,
title = {High-fidelity facial reflectance and geometry inference from an unconstrained image},
author = {Shuco Yamaguchi and Shunsuke Saito and Koki Nagano and Yajie Zhao and Weikai Chen and Kyle Olszewski and Shigeo Morishima and Hao Li},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3197517.3201364},
doi = {10.1145/3197517.3201364},
issn = {07300301},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-01},
journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {1–14},
abstract = {We present a deep learning-based technique to infer high-quality facial reflectance and geometry given a single unconstrained image of the subject, which may contain partial occlusions and arbitrary illumination conditions. The reconstructed high-resolution textures, which are generated in only a few seconds, include high-resolution skin surface reflectance maps, representing both the diffuse and specular albedo, and medium- and high-frequency displacement maps, thereby allowing us to render compelling digital avatars under novel lighting conditions. To extract this data, we train our deep neural networks with a high-quality skin reflectance and geometry database created with a state-of-the-art multi-view photometric stereo system using polarized gradient illumination. Given the raw facial texture map extracted from the input image, our neural networks synthesize complete reflectance and displacement maps, as well as complete missing regions caused by occlusions. The completed textures exhibit consistent quality throughout the face due to our network architecture, which propagates texture features from the visible region, resulting in high-fidelity details that are consistent with those seen in visible regions. We describe how this highly underconstrained problem is made tractable by dividing the full inference into smaller tasks, which are addressed by dedicated neural networks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our network design with robust texture completion from images of faces that are largely occluded. With the inferred reflectance and geometry data, we demonstrate the rendering of high-fidelity 3D avatars from a variety of subjects captured under different lighting conditions. In addition, we perform evaluations demonstrating that our method can infer plausible facial reflectance and geometric details comparable to those obtained from high-end capture devices, and outperform alternative approaches that require only a single unconstrained input image.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present a deep learning-based technique to infer high-quality facial reflectance and geometry given a single unconstrained image of the subject, which may contain partial occlusions and arbitrary illumination conditions. The reconstructed high-resolution textures, which are generated in only a few seconds, include high-resolution skin surface reflectance maps, representing both the diffuse and specular albedo, and medium- and high-frequency displacement maps, thereby allowing us to render compelling digital avatars under novel lighting conditions. To extract this data, we train our deep neural networks with a high-quality skin reflectance and geometry database created with a state-of-the-art multi-view photometric stereo system using polarized gradient illumination. Given the raw facial texture map extracted from the input image, our neural networks synthesize complete reflectance and displacement maps, as well as complete missing regions caused by occlusions. The completed textures exhibit consistent quality throughout the face due to our network architecture, which propagates texture features from the visible region, resulting in high-fidelity details that are consistent with those seen in visible regions. We describe how this highly underconstrained problem is made tractable by dividing the full inference into smaller tasks, which are addressed by dedicated neural networks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our network design with robust texture completion from images of faces that are largely occluded. With the inferred reflectance and geometry data, we demonstrate the rendering of high-fidelity 3D avatars from a variety of subjects captured under different lighting conditions. In addition, we perform evaluations demonstrating that our method can infer plausible facial reflectance and geometric details comparable to those obtained from high-end capture devices, and outperform alternative approaches that require only a single unconstrained input image.
190.
Zhang, Bo; He, Mingming; Liao, Jing; Sander, Pedro V; Yuan, Lu; Bermak, Amine; Chen, Dong
Deep Exemplar-Based Video Colorization Journal Article
In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 10, 2018.
@article{zhang_deep_2018,
title = {Deep Exemplar-Based Video Colorization},
author = {Bo Zhang and Mingming He and Jing Liao and Pedro V Sander and Lu Yuan and Amine Bermak and Dong Chen},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3201365},
doi = {10.1145/3197517.3201365},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-01},
journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {10},
abstract = {This paper presents the first end-to-end network for exemplar-based video colorization. The main challenge is to achieve temporal consistency while remaining faithful to the reference style. To address this issue, we introduce a recurrent framework that unifies the semantic correspondence and color propagation steps. Both steps allow a provided reference image to guide the colorization of every frame, thus reducing accumulated propagation errors. Video frames are colorized in sequence based on the colorization history, and its coherency is further enforced by the temporal consistency loss. All of these components, learnt end-to-end, help produce realistic videos with good temporal stability. Experiments show our result is superior to the state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the first end-to-end network for exemplar-based video colorization. The main challenge is to achieve temporal consistency while remaining faithful to the reference style. To address this issue, we introduce a recurrent framework that unifies the semantic correspondence and color propagation steps. Both steps allow a provided reference image to guide the colorization of every frame, thus reducing accumulated propagation errors. Video frames are colorized in sequence based on the colorization history, and its coherency is further enforced by the temporal consistency loss. All of these components, learnt end-to-end, help produce realistic videos with good temporal stability. Experiments show our result is superior to the state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.
191.
Kralik, Jerald D.; Lee, Jee Hang; Rosenbloom, Paul S.; Jackson, Philip C.; Epstein, Susan L.; Romero, Oscar J.; Sanz, Ricardo; Larue, Othalia; Schmidtke, Hedda R.; Lee, Sang Wan; McGreggor, Keith
Metacognition for a Common Model of Cognition Journal Article
In: Procedia Computer Science, vol. 145, pp. 730–739, 2018, ISSN: 18770509.
@article{kralik_metacognition_2018,
title = {Metacognition for a Common Model of Cognition},
author = {Jerald D. Kralik and Jee Hang Lee and Paul S. Rosenbloom and Philip C. Jackson and Susan L. Epstein and Oscar J. Romero and Ricardo Sanz and Othalia Larue and Hedda R. Schmidtke and Sang Wan Lee and Keith McGreggor},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877050918323329},
doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2018.11.046},
issn = {18770509},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-01},
journal = {Procedia Computer Science},
volume = {145},
pages = {730–739},
abstract = {This paper provides a starting point for the development of metacognition in a common model of cognition. It identifies significant theoretical work on metacognition from multiple disciplines that the authors believe worthy of consideration. After first defining cognition and metacognition, we outline three general categories of metacognition, provide an initial list of its main components, consider the more difficult problem of consciousness, and present examples of prominent artificial systems that have implemented metacognitive components. Finally, we identify pressing design issues for the future},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper provides a starting point for the development of metacognition in a common model of cognition. It identifies significant theoretical work on metacognition from multiple disciplines that the authors believe worthy of consideration. After first defining cognition and metacognition, we outline three general categories of metacognition, provide an initial list of its main components, consider the more difficult problem of consciousness, and present examples of prominent artificial systems that have implemented metacognitive components. Finally, we identify pressing design issues for the future
192.
Larue, Othalia; West, Robert; Rosenbloom, Paul S.; Dancy, Christopher L.; Samsonovich, Alexei V.; Petters, Dean; Juvina, Ion
Emotion in the Common Model of Cognition Journal Article
In: Procedia Computer Science, vol. 145, pp. 740–746, 2018, ISSN: 18770509.
@article{larue_emotion_2018,
title = {Emotion in the Common Model of Cognition},
author = {Othalia Larue and Robert West and Paul S. Rosenbloom and Christopher L. Dancy and Alexei V. Samsonovich and Dean Petters and Ion Juvina},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877050918323317},
doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2018.11.045},
issn = {18770509},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-01},
journal = {Procedia Computer Science},
volume = {145},
pages = {740–746},
abstract = {Emotions play an important role in human cognition and therefore need to be present in the Common Model of Cognition. In this paper, the emotion working group focuses on functional aspects of emotions and describes what we believe are the points of interactions with the Common Model of Cognition. The present paper should not be viewed as a consensus of the group but rather as a first attempt to extract common and divergent aspects of different models of emotions and how they relate to the Common Model of Cognition.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emotions play an important role in human cognition and therefore need to be present in the Common Model of Cognition. In this paper, the emotion working group focuses on functional aspects of emotions and describes what we believe are the points of interactions with the Common Model of Cognition. The present paper should not be viewed as a consensus of the group but rather as a first attempt to extract common and divergent aspects of different models of emotions and how they relate to the Common Model of Cognition.
193.
Rizzo, Albert "Skip"; Koenig, Sebastian Thomas; Talbot, Thomas B
Clinical Virtual Reality: Emerging Opportunities for Psychiatry Journal Article
In: Focus: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry, 2018.
@article{rizzo_clinical_2018-1,
title = {Clinical Virtual Reality: Emerging Opportunities for Psychiatry},
author = {Albert "Skip" Rizzo and Sebastian Thomas Koenig and Thomas B Talbot},
url = {https://focus.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.focus.20180011},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-01},
journal = {Focus: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry},
abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) technology offers new opportunities for the development of innovative clinical research, assessment, and intervention tools. VR-based testing, training, teaching, and treatment approaches that would be difficult, if not impossible, to deliver with traditional methods are now being developed that take advantage of the assets that are available with VR technology. As research evidence continues to indicate clinical efficacy, VR applications are being increasingly regarded as providing innovative options for targeting the cognitive, psychological, motor, and functional impairments that result from various clinical health conditions. VR allows for the precise presentation and control of stimuli in dynamic, multisensory, 3D computer-generated simulations as well as providing advanced methods for capturing and quantifying behavioral responses. These characteristics support the rationale for the use of VR applications in clinical assessment, intervention, and training. This article begins with a brief review of the history of and rationale for the use of VR with clinical populations. It then details one use case for the clinical application of VR—the exposure-therapy treatment of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Although significant work is cited in other areas of clinical VR (e.g., pain management, cognitive and physical assessment and rehabilitation, eating disorders, social skills, and clinical training), a full overview of such a broad literature is beyond the scope of this article. Thus, the authors have opted to provide more in-depth analysis of one specific clinical area that clearly illustrates how VR has been successfully applied and is supported by an encouraging and evolving scientific literature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual reality (VR) technology offers new opportunities for the development of innovative clinical research, assessment, and intervention tools. VR-based testing, training, teaching, and treatment approaches that would be difficult, if not impossible, to deliver with traditional methods are now being developed that take advantage of the assets that are available with VR technology. As research evidence continues to indicate clinical efficacy, VR applications are being increasingly regarded as providing innovative options for targeting the cognitive, psychological, motor, and functional impairments that result from various clinical health conditions. VR allows for the precise presentation and control of stimuli in dynamic, multisensory, 3D computer-generated simulations as well as providing advanced methods for capturing and quantifying behavioral responses. These characteristics support the rationale for the use of VR applications in clinical assessment, intervention, and training. This article begins with a brief review of the history of and rationale for the use of VR with clinical populations. It then details one use case for the clinical application of VR—the exposure-therapy treatment of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Although significant work is cited in other areas of clinical VR (e.g., pain management, cognitive and physical assessment and rehabilitation, eating disorders, social skills, and clinical training), a full overview of such a broad literature is beyond the scope of this article. Thus, the authors have opted to provide more in-depth analysis of one specific clinical area that clearly illustrates how VR has been successfully applied and is supported by an encouraging and evolving scientific literature.
194.
Muessig, Kathryn E.; Knudtson, Kelly A.; Soni, Karina; Larsen, Margo Adams; Traum, David; Dong, Willa; Conserve, Donaldson F.; Leuski, Anton; Artstein, Ron; Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B.
In: Digital Culture and Education, vol. 10, pp. 22–48, 2018, ISSN: 1836-8301.
@article{muessig_i_2018,
title = {“I Didn't Tell You Sooner Because I Didn't Know How to Handle it Myself”: Developing a Virtual Reality Program to Support HIV-Status Disclosure Decisions},
author = {Kathryn E. Muessig and Kelly A. Knudtson and Karina Soni and Margo Adams Larsen and David Traum and Willa Dong and Donaldson F. Conserve and Anton Leuski and Ron Artstein and Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman},
url = {http://www.digitalcultureandeducation.com/s/Muessig-et-al-July-2018.pdf},
issn = {1836-8301},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-07-01},
journal = {Digital Culture and Education},
volume = {10},
pages = {22–48},
abstract = {HIV status disclosure is associated with increased social support and protective behaviors against HIV transmission. Yet disclosure poses significant challenges in the face of persistent societal stigma. Few interventions focus on decision-making, self-efficacy, and communication skills to support disclosing HIV status to an intimate partner. Virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer powerful tools to address this gap. Informed by Social Cognitive Theory, we created the Tough Talks VR program for HIV-positive young men who have sex with men (YMSM) to practice status disclosure safely and confidentially. Fifty-eight YMSM (ages 18 – 30, 88% HIV-positive) contributed 132 disclosure dialogues to develop the prototype through focus groups, usability testing, and a technical pilot. The prototype includes three disclosure scenarios (neutral, sympathetic, and negative response) and a database of 125 virtual character utterances. Participants select a VR scenario and realistic virtual character with whom to practice. In a pilot test of the fully automated neutral response scenario, the AI system responded appropriately to 71% of participant utterances. Most pilot study participants agreed Tough Talks was easy to use (9/11) and that they would like to use the system frequently (9/11). Tough Talks demonstrates that VR can be used to practice HIV status disclosure and lessons learned from program development offer insights for the use of AI systems for other areas of health and education.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
HIV status disclosure is associated with increased social support and protective behaviors against HIV transmission. Yet disclosure poses significant challenges in the face of persistent societal stigma. Few interventions focus on decision-making, self-efficacy, and communication skills to support disclosing HIV status to an intimate partner. Virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer powerful tools to address this gap. Informed by Social Cognitive Theory, we created the Tough Talks VR program for HIV-positive young men who have sex with men (YMSM) to practice status disclosure safely and confidentially. Fifty-eight YMSM (ages 18 – 30, 88% HIV-positive) contributed 132 disclosure dialogues to develop the prototype through focus groups, usability testing, and a technical pilot. The prototype includes three disclosure scenarios (neutral, sympathetic, and negative response) and a database of 125 virtual character utterances. Participants select a VR scenario and realistic virtual character with whom to practice. In a pilot test of the fully automated neutral response scenario, the AI system responded appropriately to 71% of participant utterances. Most pilot study participants agreed Tough Talks was easy to use (9/11) and that they would like to use the system frequently (9/11). Tough Talks demonstrates that VR can be used to practice HIV status disclosure and lessons learned from program development offer insights for the use of AI systems for other areas of health and education.
195.
Norr, Aaron M.; Smolenski, Derek J.; Katz, Andrea C.; Rizzo, Albert A.; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Difede, JoAnn; Koenen-Woods, Patricia; Reger, Mark A.; Reger, Greg M.
Virtual reality exposure versus prolonged exposure for PTSD: Which treatment for whom? Journal Article
In: Depression and Anxiety, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 523–529, 2018, ISSN: 10914269.
@article{norr_virtual_2018,
title = {Virtual reality exposure versus prolonged exposure for PTSD: Which treatment for whom?},
author = {Aaron M. Norr and Derek J. Smolenski and Andrea C. Katz and Albert A. Rizzo and Barbara O. Rothbaum and JoAnn Difede and Patricia Koenen-Woods and Mark A. Reger and Greg M. Reger},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/da.22751},
doi = {10.1002/da.22751},
issn = {10914269},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
journal = {Depression and Anxiety},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {523–529},
abstract = {1 Background The majority of studies comparing active psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) do not find significant differences at posttreatment. This was the case in a recent trial examining prolonged exposure (PE) and virtual reality exposure (VRE) among active‐duty soldiers with combat‐related PTSD. Matching individual patients to specific treatments provides a potential avenue to improve significantly the public health impact of effective treatments for PTSD. A composite moderator approach was used to identify profiles of patients who would see superior PTSD symptom reduction in VRE or PE to inform future treatment matching. 2 Methods Active duty U.S. army soldiers (N = 108) were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing VRE and PE in the treatment of PTSD stemming from deployments to Iraq or Afghanistan. Eighteen baseline variables were examined to identify treatment response heterogeneity in two patient groups: those with a superior response to PE and those with a superior response to VRE. The final composite moderator comprised four of 18 baseline variables. 3 Results Results revealed that patients who were predicted to see greater PTSD symptom reduction in VRE were likely to be younger, not taking antidepressant medication, had greater PTSD hyperarousal symptoms, and were more likely to have greater than minimal suicide risk. 4 Conclusions Results suggest that treatment matching based on patient profiles could meaningfully improve treatment efficacy for combat‐related PTSD. Future research can build on these results to improve our understanding of how to improve treatment matching for PTSD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1 Background The majority of studies comparing active psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) do not find significant differences at posttreatment. This was the case in a recent trial examining prolonged exposure (PE) and virtual reality exposure (VRE) among active‐duty soldiers with combat‐related PTSD. Matching individual patients to specific treatments provides a potential avenue to improve significantly the public health impact of effective treatments for PTSD. A composite moderator approach was used to identify profiles of patients who would see superior PTSD symptom reduction in VRE or PE to inform future treatment matching. 2 Methods Active duty U.S. army soldiers (N = 108) were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing VRE and PE in the treatment of PTSD stemming from deployments to Iraq or Afghanistan. Eighteen baseline variables were examined to identify treatment response heterogeneity in two patient groups: those with a superior response to PE and those with a superior response to VRE. The final composite moderator comprised four of 18 baseline variables. 3 Results Results revealed that patients who were predicted to see greater PTSD symptom reduction in VRE were likely to be younger, not taking antidepressant medication, had greater PTSD hyperarousal symptoms, and were more likely to have greater than minimal suicide risk. 4 Conclusions Results suggest that treatment matching based on patient profiles could meaningfully improve treatment efficacy for combat‐related PTSD. Future research can build on these results to improve our understanding of how to improve treatment matching for PTSD.
196.
Loucks, Laura; Yasinski, Carly; Norrholm, Seth D.; Maples-Keller, Jessica; Post, Loren; Zwiebach, Liza; Fiorillo, Devika; Goodlin, Megan; Jovanovic, Tanja; Rizzo, Albert A.; Rothbaum, Barbara O.
You can do that⁈: Feasibility of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD due to military sexual trauma Journal Article
In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2018, ISSN: 08876185.
@article{loucks_you_2018,
title = {You can do that⁈: Feasibility of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD due to military sexual trauma},
author = {Laura Loucks and Carly Yasinski and Seth D. Norrholm and Jessica Maples-Keller and Loren Post and Liza Zwiebach and Devika Fiorillo and Megan Goodlin and Tanja Jovanovic and Albert A. Rizzo and Barbara O. Rothbaum},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0887618517304991},
doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.06.004},
issn = {08876185},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders},
abstract = {This initial feasibility study examined the use of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) in the treatment of MSTrelated PTSD, with newly developed content tailored to MST. Participants included 15 veterans (26% male) with MST-related PTSD. Assessment of PTSD, depression, and psychophysiological indicators of distress occurred at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Treatment included 6–12 VRE sessions. There were significant reductions in pre- to post-treatment PTSD (CAPS severity: t(10) = 3.69},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This initial feasibility study examined the use of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) in the treatment of MSTrelated PTSD, with newly developed content tailored to MST. Participants included 15 veterans (26% male) with MST-related PTSD. Assessment of PTSD, depression, and psychophysiological indicators of distress occurred at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Treatment included 6–12 VRE sessions. There were significant reductions in pre- to post-treatment PTSD (CAPS severity: t(10) = 3.69
197.
Flenner, Arjuna; Fraune, Marlena R.; Hiatt, Laura M.; Kendall, Tony; Laird, John E.; Lebiere, Christian; Rosenbloom, Paul S.; Stein, Frank; Topp, Elin A.; Unhelkar, Vaibhav V.; Zhao, Ying
Reports of the AAAI 2017 Fall Symposium Series Journal Article
In: AI Magazine, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 81–86, 2018, ISSN: 0738-4602, 0738-4602.
@article{flenner_reports_2018,
title = {Reports of the AAAI 2017 Fall Symposium Series},
author = {Arjuna Flenner and Marlena R. Fraune and Laura M. Hiatt and Tony Kendall and John E. Laird and Christian Lebiere and Paul S. Rosenbloom and Frank Stein and Elin A. Topp and Vaibhav V. Unhelkar and Ying Zhao},
url = {https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2813},
doi = {10.1609/aimag.v38i2.2813},
issn = {0738-4602, 0738-4602},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
journal = {AI Magazine},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {81–86},
abstract = {The AAAI 2017 Fall Symposium Series was held Thursday through Saturday, November 9-11, at the Westin Arlington Gateway in Arlington, Virginia, adjacent to Washington, DC. The titles of the six symposia were Arti- ficial Intelligence for Human-Robot Interaction; Cognitive Assistance in Government and Public Sector Applications; Deep Models and Artificial Intelligence for Military Applications: Potentials, Theories, Practices, Tools, and Risks; Human-Agent Groups: Studies, Algorithms, and Challenges; Natural Communication for Human-Robot Collaboration; and A Standard Model of the Mind. The highlights of each symposium (except the Natural Communication for Human-Robot Collaboration symposium, whose organizers did not submit a report) are presented in this report.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The AAAI 2017 Fall Symposium Series was held Thursday through Saturday, November 9-11, at the Westin Arlington Gateway in Arlington, Virginia, adjacent to Washington, DC. The titles of the six symposia were Arti- ficial Intelligence for Human-Robot Interaction; Cognitive Assistance in Government and Public Sector Applications; Deep Models and Artificial Intelligence for Military Applications: Potentials, Theories, Practices, Tools, and Risks; Human-Agent Groups: Studies, Algorithms, and Challenges; Natural Communication for Human-Robot Collaboration; and A Standard Model of the Mind. The highlights of each symposium (except the Natural Communication for Human-Robot Collaboration symposium, whose organizers did not submit a report) are presented in this report.
198.
Lineberry, Matthew; Dev, Parvati; Lane, H. Chad; Talbot, Thomas B.
Learner-Adaptive Educational Technology for Simulation in Healthcare: Foundations and Opportunities Journal Article
In: Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, pp. 1, 2018, ISSN: 1559-2332.
@article{lineberry_learner-adaptive_2018,
title = {Learner-Adaptive Educational Technology for Simulation in Healthcare: Foundations and Opportunities},
author = {Matthew Lineberry and Parvati Dev and H. Chad Lane and Thomas B. Talbot},
url = {https://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.32.0a/ovidweb.cgi?QS2=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},
doi = {10.1097/SIH.0000000000000274},
issn = {1559-2332},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
journal = {Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare},
pages = {1},
abstract = {Despite evidence that learners vary greatly in their learning needs, practical constraints tend to favor ’’one-size-fits-all’’ educational approaches, in simulation-based education as elsewhere. Adaptive educational technologies - devices and/or software applications that capture and analyze relevant data about learners to select and present individually tailored learning stimuli - are a promising aid in learners’ and educators’ efforts to provide learning experiences that meet individual needs. In this article, we summarize and build upon the 2017 Society for Simulation in Healthcare Research Summit panel discussion on adaptive learning. First, we consider the role of adaptivity in learning broadly. We then outline the basic functions that adaptive learning technologies must implement and the unique affordances and challenges of technology-based approaches for those functions, sharing an illustrative example from healthcare simulation. Finally, we consider future directions for accelerating research, development, and deployment of effective adaptive educational technology and techniques in healthcare simulation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Despite evidence that learners vary greatly in their learning needs, practical constraints tend to favor ’’one-size-fits-all’’ educational approaches, in simulation-based education as elsewhere. Adaptive educational technologies - devices and/or software applications that capture and analyze relevant data about learners to select and present individually tailored learning stimuli - are a promising aid in learners’ and educators’ efforts to provide learning experiences that meet individual needs. In this article, we summarize and build upon the 2017 Society for Simulation in Healthcare Research Summit panel discussion on adaptive learning. First, we consider the role of adaptivity in learning broadly. We then outline the basic functions that adaptive learning technologies must implement and the unique affordances and challenges of technology-based approaches for those functions, sharing an illustrative example from healthcare simulation. Finally, we consider future directions for accelerating research, development, and deployment of effective adaptive educational technology and techniques in healthcare simulation.
199.
D’Mello, Sidney; Kappas, Arvid; Gratch, Jonathan
The Affective Computing Approach to Affect Measurement Journal Article
In: Emotion Review, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 174–183, 2018.
@article{dmello_affective_2018,
title = {The Affective Computing Approach to Affect Measurement},
author = {Sidney D’Mello and Arvid Kappas and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1754073917696583},
doi = {10.1177/1754073917696583},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
journal = {Emotion Review},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {174–183},
abstract = {Affective computing (AC) adopts a computational approach to study affect. We highlight the AC approach towards automated affect measures that jointly model machine-readable physiological/behavioral signals with affect estimates as reported by humans or experimentally elicited. We describe the conceptual and computational foundations of the approach followed by two case studies: one on discrimination between genuine and faked expressions of pain in the lab, and the second on measuring nonbasic affect in the wild. We discuss applications of the measures, analyze measurement accuracy and generalizability, and highlight advances afforded by computational tipping points, such as big data, wearable sensing, crowdsourcing, and deep learning. We conclude by advocating for increasing synergies between AC and affective science and offer suggestions toward that direction.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Affective computing (AC) adopts a computational approach to study affect. We highlight the AC approach towards automated affect measures that jointly model machine-readable physiological/behavioral signals with affect estimates as reported by humans or experimentally elicited. We describe the conceptual and computational foundations of the approach followed by two case studies: one on discrimination between genuine and faked expressions of pain in the lab, and the second on measuring nonbasic affect in the wild. We discuss applications of the measures, analyze measurement accuracy and generalizability, and highlight advances afforded by computational tipping points, such as big data, wearable sensing, crowdsourcing, and deep learning. We conclude by advocating for increasing synergies between AC and affective science and offer suggestions toward that direction.
200.
Bioulac, Stéphanie; Micoulaud-Franchi, Jean-Arthur; Maire, Jenna; Bouvard, Manuel P.; Rizzo, Albert A.; Sagaspe, Patricia; Philip, Pierre
Virtual Remediation Versus Methylphenidate to Improve Distractibility in Children With ADHD: A Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial Study Journal Article
In: Journal of attention disorders, 2018.
@article{bioulac_virtual_2018,
title = {Virtual Remediation Versus Methylphenidate to Improve Distractibility in Children With ADHD: A Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial Study},
author = {Stéphanie Bioulac and Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi and Jenna Maire and Manuel P. Bouvard and Albert A. Rizzo and Patricia Sagaspe and Pierre Philip},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1087054718759751},
doi = {10.1177/1087054718759751},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-01},
journal = {Journal of attention disorders},
abstract = {Objective: Virtual environments have been used to assess children with ADHD but have never been tested as therapeutic tools. We tested a new virtual classroom cognitive remediation program to improve symptoms in children with ADHD. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 51 children with ADHD (7-11 years) were assigned to a virtual cognitive remediation group, a methylphenidate group, or a psychotherapy group. All children were evaluated before and after therapy with an ADHD Rating Scale, a Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and a virtual classroom task. Results: After therapy by virtual remediation, children exhibited significantly higher numbers of correct hits on the virtual classroom and CPT. These improvements were equivalent to those observed with methylphenidate treatment. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates for the first time that a cognitive remediation program delivered in a virtual classroom reduces distractibility in children with ADHD and could replace methylphenidate treatment in specific cases.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: Virtual environments have been used to assess children with ADHD but have never been tested as therapeutic tools. We tested a new virtual classroom cognitive remediation program to improve symptoms in children with ADHD. Method: In this randomized clinical trial, 51 children with ADHD (7-11 years) were assigned to a virtual cognitive remediation group, a methylphenidate group, or a psychotherapy group. All children were evaluated before and after therapy with an ADHD Rating Scale, a Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and a virtual classroom task. Results: After therapy by virtual remediation, children exhibited significantly higher numbers of correct hits on the virtual classroom and CPT. These improvements were equivalent to those observed with methylphenidate treatment. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates for the first time that a cognitive remediation program delivered in a virtual classroom reduces distractibility in children with ADHD and could replace methylphenidate treatment in specific cases.
Filter
2009
Morency, Louis-Philippe; Kok, Iwan; Gratch, Jonathan
A Probabilistic Multimodal Approach for Predicting Listener Backchannels Journal Article
In: Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 70–84, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Virtual Humans
@article{morency_probabilistic_2009,
title = {A Probabilistic Multimodal Approach for Predicting Listener Backchannels},
author = {Louis-Philippe Morency and Iwan Kok and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Probabilistic%20Multimodal%20Approach%20for%20Predicting%20Listener%20Backchannels.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {70–84},
abstract = {During face-to-face interactions, listeners use backchannel feedback such as head nods as a signal to the speaker that the communication is working and that they should continue speaking. Predicting these backchannel opportunities is an important milestone for building engaging and natural virtual humans. In this paper we show how sequential probabilistic models (e.g., Hidden Markov Model or Conditional Random Fields) can automatically learn from a database of human-to-human interactions to predict listener backchannels using the speaker multimodal output features (e.g., prosody, spoken words and eye gaze). The main challenges addressed in this paper are automatic selection of the relevant features and optimal feature representation for probabilistic models. For prediction of visual backchannel cues (i.e., head nods), our prediction model shows a statistically significant improvement over a previously published approach based on hand-crafted rules.},
keywords = {Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
During face-to-face interactions, listeners use backchannel feedback such as head nods as a signal to the speaker that the communication is working and that they should continue speaking. Predicting these backchannel opportunities is an important milestone for building engaging and natural virtual humans. In this paper we show how sequential probabilistic models (e.g., Hidden Markov Model or Conditional Random Fields) can automatically learn from a database of human-to-human interactions to predict listener backchannels using the speaker multimodal output features (e.g., prosody, spoken words and eye gaze). The main challenges addressed in this paper are automatic selection of the relevant features and optimal feature representation for probabilistic models. For prediction of visual backchannel cues (i.e., head nods), our prediction model shows a statistically significant improvement over a previously published approach based on hand-crafted rules.
Rizzo, Albert; Difede, JoAnn; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Johnston, Scott; McLay, Robert N.; Reger, Greg; Gahm, Greg; Parsons, Thomas D.; Graap, Ken; Pair, Jarrell
VR PTSD Exposure Therapy Results with Active Duty OIF/OEF Combatants Journal Article
In: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, vol. 17, 2009.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR, Virtual Humans
@article{rizzo_vr_2009,
title = {VR PTSD Exposure Therapy Results with Active Duty OIF/OEF Combatants},
author = {Albert Rizzo and JoAnn Difede and Barbara O. Rothbaum and Scott Johnston and Robert N. McLay and Greg Reger and Greg Gahm and Thomas D. Parsons and Ken Graap and Jarrell Pair},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/VR%20PTSD%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Results%20with%20Active%20Duty%20OIF%20OEF%20Combatants.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},
volume = {17},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Reports indicate that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality exposure therapy has been previously used for PTSD with reports of positive outcomes. This paper will present a brief description of the USC/ICT Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan PTSD therapy application and present clinical outcome data from active duty patients treated at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego (NMCSD) as of October 2009. Initial outcomes from the first twenty patients to complete treatment indicate that 16 no longer meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD at post treatment. Research and clinical tests using the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan software are also currently underway at Weill Cornell Medical College, Emory University, Fort Lewis and WRAMC along with 20 other test sites.},
keywords = {MedVR, Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Reports indicate that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality exposure therapy has been previously used for PTSD with reports of positive outcomes. This paper will present a brief description of the USC/ICT Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan PTSD therapy application and present clinical outcome data from active duty patients treated at the Naval Medical Center-San Diego (NMCSD) as of October 2009. Initial outcomes from the first twenty patients to complete treatment indicate that 16 no longer meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD at post treatment. Research and clinical tests using the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan software are also currently underway at Weill Cornell Medical College, Emory University, Fort Lewis and WRAMC along with 20 other test sites.
2008
Poesio, Massimo; Artstein, Ron
Introduction to the Special Issue on Ambiguity and Semantic Judgments Journal Article
In: Research on Language and Computation, vol. 6, no. 3-4, pp. 241–245, 2008.
@article{poesio_introduction_2008,
title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Ambiguity and Semantic Judgments},
author = {Massimo Poesio and Ron Artstein},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Introduction%20to%20the%20Special%20Issue%20on%20Ambiguity%20and%20Semantic%20Judgments.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-12-01},
journal = {Research on Language and Computation},
volume = {6},
number = {3-4},
pages = {241–245},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miyao, Yusuke; Sagae, Kenji; Sætre, Rune; Matsuzaki, Takuya; Tsujii, Jun'ichi
Evaluating contributions of natural language parsers to protein-protein interaction extraction Journal Article
In: Bioinformatics, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 394–400, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{miyao_evaluating_2008,
title = {Evaluating contributions of natural language parsers to protein-protein interaction extraction},
author = {Yusuke Miyao and Kenji Sagae and Rune Sætre and Takuya Matsuzaki and Jun'ichi Tsujii},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evaluating%20contributions%20of%20natural%20language%20parsers%20to%20protein–protein%20interaction%20extraction.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-12-01},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {394–400},
abstract = {Motivation: While text mining technologies for biomedical research have gained popularity as a way to take advantage of the explosive growth of information in text form in biomedical papers, selecting appropriate natural language processing (NLP) tools is still difficult for researchers who are not familiar with recent advances in NLP. This article provides a comparative evaluation of several state-of-the-art natural language parsers, focusing on the task of extracting protein– protein interaction (PPI) from biomedical papers. We measure how each parser, and its output representation, contributes to accuracy improvement when the parser is used as a component in a PPI system. Results: All the parsers attained improvements in accuracy of PPI extraction. The levels of accuracy obtained with these different parsers vary slightly, while differences in parsing speed are larger. The best accuracy in this work was obtained when we combined Miyao and Tsujii's Enju parser and Charniak and Johnson's reranking parser, and the accuracy is better than the state-of-the-art results on the same data. Availability: The PPI extraction system used in this work (AkanePPI) is available online at http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ downloads/downloads.cgi. The evaluated parsers are also available online from each developer's site.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Motivation: While text mining technologies for biomedical research have gained popularity as a way to take advantage of the explosive growth of information in text form in biomedical papers, selecting appropriate natural language processing (NLP) tools is still difficult for researchers who are not familiar with recent advances in NLP. This article provides a comparative evaluation of several state-of-the-art natural language parsers, focusing on the task of extracting protein– protein interaction (PPI) from biomedical papers. We measure how each parser, and its output representation, contributes to accuracy improvement when the parser is used as a component in a PPI system. Results: All the parsers attained improvements in accuracy of PPI extraction. The levels of accuracy obtained with these different parsers vary slightly, while differences in parsing speed are larger. The best accuracy in this work was obtained when we combined Miyao and Tsujii's Enju parser and Charniak and Johnson's reranking parser, and the accuracy is better than the state-of-the-art results on the same data. Availability: The PPI extraction system used in this work (AkanePPI) is available online at http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ downloads/downloads.cgi. The evaluated parsers are also available online from each developer's site.
Artstein, Ron; Poesio, Massimo
Inter-Coder Agreement for Computational Linguistics Journal Article
In: Computational Linguistics, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 555–596, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{artstein_inter-coder_2008,
title = {Inter-Coder Agreement for Computational Linguistics},
author = {Ron Artstein and Massimo Poesio},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Inter-Coder%20Agreement%20for%20Computational%20Linguistics.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-12-01},
journal = {Computational Linguistics},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {555–596},
abstract = {This article is a survey of methods for measuring agreement among corpus annotators. It exposes the mathematics and underlying assumptions of agreement coefficients, covering Krippendorff's alpha as well as Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa; discusses the use of coefficients in several annotation tasks; and argues that weighted, alpha-like coefficients, traditionally less used than kappa-like measures in Computational Linguistics, may be more appropriate for many corpus annotation tasks – but that their use makes the interpretation of the value of the coefficient even harder.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article is a survey of methods for measuring agreement among corpus annotators. It exposes the mathematics and underlying assumptions of agreement coefficients, covering Krippendorff's alpha as well as Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa; discusses the use of coefficients in several annotation tasks; and argues that weighted, alpha-like coefficients, traditionally less used than kappa-like measures in Computational Linguistics, may be more appropriate for many corpus annotation tasks – but that their use makes the interpretation of the value of the coefficient even harder.
Ghosh, Abhijeet; Hawkins, Tim; Peers, Pieter; Frederiksen, Sune; Debevec, Paul
Practical Modeling and Acquisition of Layered Facial Reflectance Journal Article
In: ACM Transaction on Graphics, vol. 27, no. 5, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Graphics
@article{ghosh_practical_2008,
title = {Practical Modeling and Acquisition of Layered Facial Reflectance},
author = {Abhijeet Ghosh and Tim Hawkins and Pieter Peers and Sune Frederiksen and Paul Debevec},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Practical%20Modeling%20and%20Acquisition%20of%20Layered%20Facial%20Reflectance.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-12-01},
journal = {ACM Transaction on Graphics},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
abstract = {We present a practical method for modeling layered facial reflectance consisting of specular reflectance, single scattering, and shallow and deep subsurface scattering. We estimate parameters of appropriate reflectance models for each of these layers from just 20 photographs recorded in a few seconds from a single viewpoint. We extract spatially-varying specular reflectance and single-scattering parameters from polarization-difference images under spherical and point source illumination. Next, we employ direct-indirect separation to decompose the remaining multiple scattering observed under cross-polarization into shallow and deep scattering components to model the light transport through multiple layers of skin. Finally, we match appropriate diffusion models to the extracted shallow and deep scattering components for different regions on the face. We validate our technique by comparing renderings of subjects to reference photographs recorded from novel viewpoints and under novel illumination conditions.},
keywords = {Graphics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present a practical method for modeling layered facial reflectance consisting of specular reflectance, single scattering, and shallow and deep subsurface scattering. We estimate parameters of appropriate reflectance models for each of these layers from just 20 photographs recorded in a few seconds from a single viewpoint. We extract spatially-varying specular reflectance and single-scattering parameters from polarization-difference images under spherical and point source illumination. Next, we employ direct-indirect separation to decompose the remaining multiple scattering observed under cross-polarization into shallow and deep scattering components to model the light transport through multiple layers of skin. Finally, we match appropriate diffusion models to the extracted shallow and deep scattering components for different regions on the face. We validate our technique by comparing renderings of subjects to reference photographs recorded from novel viewpoints and under novel illumination conditions.
Melo, Celso M.; Gratch, Jonathan
Evolving Expression of Emotions in Virtual Humans Using Lights and Pixels Journal Article
In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5208, pp. 484–485, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Virtual Humans
@article{de_melo_evolving_2008,
title = {Evolving Expression of Emotions in Virtual Humans Using Lights and Pixels},
author = {Celso M. Melo and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evolving%20Expression%20of%20Emotions%20in%20Virtual%20Humans%20Using%20Lights%20and%20Pixels.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-09-01},
journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {5208},
pages = {484–485},
abstract = {nspired by the arts, this paper addresses the challenge of expressing emotions in virtual humans using the environment's lights and the screen's pixels. An evolutionary approach is proposed which relies on genetic algorithms to learn how to map emotions into these forms of expression. The algorithm evolves populations of hypotheses, where each hypothesis represents a configuration of lighting and screen expression. Hypotheses are evaluated by a critic ensemble composed of artificial and human critics. The need for human critics is motivated by a study which reveals the limitations of an approach that relies only on artificial critics that follow principles from art literature. We also address the need for the model to improve with experience and to adapt to the individual, social and cultural values in the arts. Finally, a second study is described where subjects successfully evolved mappings for joy and sadness.},
keywords = {Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
nspired by the arts, this paper addresses the challenge of expressing emotions in virtual humans using the environment's lights and the screen's pixels. An evolutionary approach is proposed which relies on genetic algorithms to learn how to map emotions into these forms of expression. The algorithm evolves populations of hypotheses, where each hypothesis represents a configuration of lighting and screen expression. Hypotheses are evaluated by a critic ensemble composed of artificial and human critics. The need for human critics is motivated by a study which reveals the limitations of an approach that relies only on artificial critics that follow principles from art literature. We also address the need for the model to improve with experience and to adapt to the individual, social and cultural values in the arts. Finally, a second study is described where subjects successfully evolved mappings for joy and sadness.
Hendler, James; Cimiano, Philipp; Dolgov, Dmitri; Kevin, Anat; Peter, Mika; Milch, Brian; Morency, Louis-Philippe; Motik, Boris; Neville, Jennifer; Sudderth, Erik B.; Ahn, Luis
AI's 10 to Watch Journal Article
In: IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 9–19, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{hendler_ais_2008,
title = {AI's 10 to Watch},
author = {James Hendler and Philipp Cimiano and Dmitri Dolgov and Anat Kevin and Mika Peter and Brian Milch and Louis-Philippe Morency and Boris Motik and Jennifer Neville and Erik B. Sudderth and Luis Ahn},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/AI's%2010%20to%20Watch.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-05-01},
journal = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {9–19},
abstract = {The recipients of the 2008 IEEE Intelligent Systems 10 to Watch award—Philipp Cimiano, Dmitri Dolgov, Anat Levin, Peter Mika, Brian Milch, Louis-Philippe Morency, Boris Motik, Jennifer Neville, Erik Sudderth, and Luis von Ahn—discuss their current research and their visions of AI for the future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The recipients of the 2008 IEEE Intelligent Systems 10 to Watch award—Philipp Cimiano, Dmitri Dolgov, Anat Levin, Peter Mika, Brian Milch, Louis-Philippe Morency, Boris Motik, Jennifer Neville, Erik Sudderth, and Luis von Ahn—discuss their current research and their visions of AI for the future.
Marsella, Stacy C.
Experiences Authoring Interactive Pedagogical Dramas Journal Article
In: Int. J. Cont. Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 159–180, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Social Simulation
@article{marsella_experiences_2008,
title = {Experiences Authoring Interactive Pedagogical Dramas},
author = {Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Experiences%20Authoring%20Interactive%20Pedagogical%20Dramas.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-03-01},
journal = {Int. J. Cont. Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {159–180},
abstract = {The focus of this article is the design of Interactive Pedagogical Dramas (IPD). An IPD is a computer-generated environment that immerses the learner as an active participant in an engaging, evocative story, populated with animated characters. The story unfolds based on the learner's decisions. The various design issues that are faced in crafting IPDs will be covered. In particular, how pedagogy can be incorporated into the learner's interaction with the narrative will be discussed. The discussion will be illustrated using several existing IPDs. Finally, we will conclude with several observations on the design process for IPDs and possible new directions for this design process.},
keywords = {Social Simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The focus of this article is the design of Interactive Pedagogical Dramas (IPD). An IPD is a computer-generated environment that immerses the learner as an active participant in an engaging, evocative story, populated with animated characters. The story unfolds based on the learner's decisions. The various design issues that are faced in crafting IPDs will be covered. In particular, how pedagogy can be incorporated into the learner's interaction with the narrative will be discussed. The discussion will be illustrated using several existing IPDs. Finally, we will conclude with several observations on the design process for IPDs and possible new directions for this design process.
Gratch, Jonathan
True Emotion vs. Social Intentions in Nonverbal Communication: Towards a Synthesis for Embodied Conversational Agents Journal Article
In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4930, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Virtual Humans
@article{gratch_true_2008-1,
title = {True Emotion vs. Social Intentions in Nonverbal Communication: Towards a Synthesis for Embodied Conversational Agents},
author = {Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/True%20Emotion%20vs%20Social%20Intentions%20in%20Nonverbal%20Communication-%20Towards%20a%20Synthesis%20for%20Embodied%20Conversational%20Agents.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {4930},
abstract = {Does a facial expression convey privileged information about a person's mental state or is it a communicative act, divorced from "true" beliefs, desires and intentions? This question is often cast as a dichotomy between competing theoretical perspectives. Theorists like Ekman argue for the primacy of emotion as a determinant of nonverbal behavior: emotions "leak" and only indirectly serve social ends. In contrast, theorists such as Fridlund argue for the primacy of social ends in determining nonverbal displays. This dichotomy has worked to divide virtual character research. Whereas there have been advances in modeling emotion, this work is often seen as irrelevant to the generation of communicative behavior. In this chapter, I review current findings on the interpersonal function of emotion. I'll discuss recent developments in Social Appraisal theory as a way to bridge this dichotomy and our attempts to model these functions within the context of embodied conversational agents.},
keywords = {Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Does a facial expression convey privileged information about a person's mental state or is it a communicative act, divorced from "true" beliefs, desires and intentions? This question is often cast as a dichotomy between competing theoretical perspectives. Theorists like Ekman argue for the primacy of emotion as a determinant of nonverbal behavior: emotions "leak" and only indirectly serve social ends. In contrast, theorists such as Fridlund argue for the primacy of social ends in determining nonverbal displays. This dichotomy has worked to divide virtual character research. Whereas there have been advances in modeling emotion, this work is often seen as irrelevant to the generation of communicative behavior. In this chapter, I review current findings on the interpersonal function of emotion. I'll discuss recent developments in Social Appraisal theory as a way to bridge this dichotomy and our attempts to model these functions within the context of embodied conversational agents.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert
Affective Outcomes of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Anxiety and Specific Phobias: A meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 39, pp. 250–261, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_affective_2008,
title = {Affective Outcomes of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Anxiety and Specific Phobias: A meta-analysis},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Affective%20outcomes%20of%20virtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy%20for%20anxiety%20and%20specific%20phobias-%20A%20meta-analysis.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry},
volume = {39},
pages = {250–261},
abstract = {Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an increasingly common treatment for anxiety and specific phobias. Lacking is a quantitative meta-analysis that enhances understanding of the variability and clinical significance of anxiety reduction outcomes after VRET. Searches of electronic databases yielded 52 studies, and of these, 21 studies (300 subjects) met inclusion criteria. Although meta-analysis revealed large declines in anxiety symptoms following VRET, moderator analyses were limited due to inconsistent reporting in the VRET literature. This highlights the need for future research studies that report uniform and detailed information regarding presence, immersion, anxiety and/or phobia duration, and demographics.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an increasingly common treatment for anxiety and specific phobias. Lacking is a quantitative meta-analysis that enhances understanding of the variability and clinical significance of anxiety reduction outcomes after VRET. Searches of electronic databases yielded 52 studies, and of these, 21 studies (300 subjects) met inclusion criteria. Although meta-analysis revealed large declines in anxiety symptoms following VRET, moderator analyses were limited due to inconsistent reporting in the VRET literature. This highlights the need for future research studies that report uniform and detailed information regarding presence, immersion, anxiety and/or phobia duration, and demographics.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert
Neuropsychological Assessment of Attentional Processing using Virtual Reality Journal Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 23–28, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_neuropsychological_2008-1,
title = {Neuropsychological Assessment of Attentional Processing using Virtual Reality},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Neuropsychological%20Assessment%20of%20Attentional%20Processing%20using%20Virtual%20Reality.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {23–28},
abstract = {Attention processes are the gateway to information acquisition and serve as a necessary foundation for higher-level cognitive functioning. The Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) focuses upon refined analysis of neurocognitive testing using a virtual environment to assess attentional processing and recall of targets delivered within the context of a virtual city and a virtual driving simulation. The 15 minute VRCPAT Attention Module and a 1.5 hour neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a sample of 12 healthy adults, between the ages of 21 and 36, that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. No subjects had history of psychiatric or neurologic conditions. To examine scenario differences, one-way ANOVAs were performed, comparing attentional performance in simple stimulus presentations (Mean = 43.63; SD = 8.91) versus complex stimulus presentations (Mean = 34.63; SD = 6.86). The results indicated that the increase in stimulus complexity caused a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks (F = 5.12; p = 0.04). To examine scenario differences, we compared attentional performance in low intensity (Mean = 40.01; SD = 4.06) versus high intensity (Mean = 9.25; SD = 3.70) presentations. The results indicated that the increase in stimulus intensity caused a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks (t = 9.83; p = 0.01). Findings suggest that the increase in stimulus complexity and stimulus intensity within a virtual environment can manipulate performance on attentional tasks.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Attention processes are the gateway to information acquisition and serve as a necessary foundation for higher-level cognitive functioning. The Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) focuses upon refined analysis of neurocognitive testing using a virtual environment to assess attentional processing and recall of targets delivered within the context of a virtual city and a virtual driving simulation. The 15 minute VRCPAT Attention Module and a 1.5 hour neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a sample of 12 healthy adults, between the ages of 21 and 36, that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. No subjects had history of psychiatric or neurologic conditions. To examine scenario differences, one-way ANOVAs were performed, comparing attentional performance in simple stimulus presentations (Mean = 43.63; SD = 8.91) versus complex stimulus presentations (Mean = 34.63; SD = 6.86). The results indicated that the increase in stimulus complexity caused a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks (F = 5.12; p = 0.04). To examine scenario differences, we compared attentional performance in low intensity (Mean = 40.01; SD = 4.06) versus high intensity (Mean = 9.25; SD = 3.70) presentations. The results indicated that the increase in stimulus intensity caused a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks (t = 9.83; p = 0.01). Findings suggest that the increase in stimulus complexity and stimulus intensity within a virtual environment can manipulate performance on attentional tasks.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Kenny, Patrick G.; Ntuen, Celestine A.; Pataki, Caroly; Pato, Michele; Rizzo, Albert; George, Cheryl St.; Sugar, Jeff
Objective Structured Clinical Interview Training using a Virtual Human Patient Journal Article
In: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, vol. 16, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_objective_2008,
title = {Objective Structured Clinical Interview Training using a Virtual Human Patient},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Patrick G. Kenny and Celestine A. Ntuen and Caroly Pataki and Michele Pato and Albert Rizzo and Cheryl St. George and Jeff Sugar},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Objective%20Structured%20Clinical%20Interview%20Training%20using%20a%20Virtual%20Human%20Patient.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},
volume = {16},
abstract = {Effective interview skills are a core competency for psychiatry residents and developing psychotherapists. Although schools commonly make use of standardized patients to teach interview skills, the diversity of the scenarios standardized patients can characterize is limited by availability of human actors. Further, there is the economic concern related to the time and money needed to train standardized patients. Perhaps most damaging is the "standardization" of standardized patients–will they in fact consistently proffer psychometrically reliable and valid interactions with the training clinicians. Virtual Human Agent (VHA) technology has evolved to a point where researchers may begin developing mental health applications that make use of virtual reality patients. The work presented here is a preliminary attempt at what we believe to be a large application area. Herein we describe an ongoing study of our virtual patients (VP). We present an approach that allows novice mental health clinicians to conduct an interview with a virtual character that emulates an adolescent male with conduct disorder. This study illustrates the ways in which a variety of core research components developed at the University of Southern California facilitates the rapid development of mental health applications.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Effective interview skills are a core competency for psychiatry residents and developing psychotherapists. Although schools commonly make use of standardized patients to teach interview skills, the diversity of the scenarios standardized patients can characterize is limited by availability of human actors. Further, there is the economic concern related to the time and money needed to train standardized patients. Perhaps most damaging is the "standardization" of standardized patients–will they in fact consistently proffer psychometrically reliable and valid interactions with the training clinicians. Virtual Human Agent (VHA) technology has evolved to a point where researchers may begin developing mental health applications that make use of virtual reality patients. The work presented here is a preliminary attempt at what we believe to be a large application area. Herein we describe an ongoing study of our virtual patients (VP). We present an approach that allows novice mental health clinicians to conduct an interview with a virtual character that emulates an adolescent male with conduct disorder. This study illustrates the ways in which a variety of core research components developed at the University of Southern California facilitates the rapid development of mental health applications.
Ma, Wan-Chun; Jones, Andrew; Chiang, Jen-Yuan; Hawkins, Tim; Frederiksen, Sune; Peers, Pieter; Vukovic, Marko; Ouhyoung, Ming; Debevec, Paul
Facial Performance Synthesis using Deformation-Driven Polynomial Displacement Maps Journal Article
In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 27, no. 5, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Graphics
@article{ma_facial_2008,
title = {Facial Performance Synthesis using Deformation-Driven Polynomial Displacement Maps},
author = {Wan-Chun Ma and Andrew Jones and Jen-Yuan Chiang and Tim Hawkins and Sune Frederiksen and Pieter Peers and Marko Vukovic and Ming Ouhyoung and Paul Debevec},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Facial%20Performance%20Synthesis%20using%20Deformation-Driven%20Polynomial%20Displacement%20Maps.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
abstract = {We present a novel method for acquisition, modeling, compression, and synthesis of realistic facial deformations using polynomial displacement maps. Our method consists of an analysis phase where the relationship between motion capture markers and detailed facial geometry is inferred, and a synthesis phase where novel detailed animated facial geometry is driven solely by a sparse set of motion capture markers. For analysis, we record the actor wearing facial markers while performing a set of training expression clips. We capture real-time high-resolution facial deformations, including dynamic wrinkle and pore detail, using interleaved structured light 3D scanning and photometric stereo. Next, we compute displacements between a neutral mesh driven by the motion capture markers and the high-resolution captured expressions. These geometric displacements are stored in a polynomial displacement map which is parameterized according to the local deformations of the motion capture dots. For synthesis, we drive the polynomial displacement map with new motion capture data. This allows the recreation of large-scale muscle deformation, medium and fine wrinkles, and dynamic skin pore detail. Applications include the compression of existing performance data and the synthesis of new performances. Our technique is independent of the underlying geometry capture system and can be used to automatically generate high-frequency wrinkle and pore details on top of many existing facial animation systems.},
keywords = {Graphics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present a novel method for acquisition, modeling, compression, and synthesis of realistic facial deformations using polynomial displacement maps. Our method consists of an analysis phase where the relationship between motion capture markers and detailed facial geometry is inferred, and a synthesis phase where novel detailed animated facial geometry is driven solely by a sparse set of motion capture markers. For analysis, we record the actor wearing facial markers while performing a set of training expression clips. We capture real-time high-resolution facial deformations, including dynamic wrinkle and pore detail, using interleaved structured light 3D scanning and photometric stereo. Next, we compute displacements between a neutral mesh driven by the motion capture markers and the high-resolution captured expressions. These geometric displacements are stored in a polynomial displacement map which is parameterized according to the local deformations of the motion capture dots. For synthesis, we drive the polynomial displacement map with new motion capture data. This allows the recreation of large-scale muscle deformation, medium and fine wrinkles, and dynamic skin pore detail. Applications include the compression of existing performance data and the synthesis of new performances. Our technique is independent of the underlying geometry capture system and can be used to automatically generate high-frequency wrinkle and pore details on top of many existing facial animation systems.
Rizzo, Albert; Graap, Ken; Perlman, Karen; McLay, Robert N.; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Reger, Greg; Parsons, Thomas D.; Difede, JoAnn; Pair, Jarrell
Virtual Iraq: Initial Results from a VR Exposure Therapy Application for Combat-Related PTSD Journal Article
In: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, vol. 16, pp. 420–425, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR, Virtual Humans
@article{rizzo_virtual_2008,
title = {Virtual Iraq: Initial Results from a VR Exposure Therapy Application for Combat-Related PTSD},
author = {Albert Rizzo and Ken Graap and Karen Perlman and Robert N. McLay and Barbara O. Rothbaum and Greg Reger and Thomas D. Parsons and JoAnn Difede and Jarrell Pair},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Iraq-%20Initial%20Results%20from%20a%20VR%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Application%20for%20Combat-Related%20PTSD.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Medicine Meets Virtual Reality},
volume = {16},
pages = {420–425},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application and present initial findings from its use with PTSD patients. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Ft. Lewis, Camp Pendleton, Emory University, Weill Cornell Medical College, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, San Diego Naval Medical Center and 12 other sites.},
keywords = {MedVR, Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application and present initial findings from its use with PTSD patients. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Ft. Lewis, Camp Pendleton, Emory University, Weill Cornell Medical College, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, San Diego Naval Medical Center and 12 other sites.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Silva, Teri M.; Pair, Jarrell; Rizzo, Albert
Virtual Environment for Assessment of Neurocognitive Functioning: Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test Journal Article
In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol. 132, pp. 351–356, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_virtual_2008-1,
title = {Virtual Environment for Assessment of Neurocognitive Functioning: Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Teri M. Silva and Jarrell Pair and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Environment%20for%20Assessment%20of%20Neurocognitive%20Functioning-%20Virtual%20Reality%20Cognitive%20Performance%20Assessment%20Test.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
volume = {132},
pages = {351–356},
abstract = {While standard neuropsychological measures have been found to have adequate predictive value, their ecological validity may diminish predictions about real world functioning. Virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly recognized as ecologically valid tools for neuropsychological assessment. We aim to develop a VE-based neuropsychological battery delivered within the context of a virtual city: Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT). The 15 minute VRCPAT battery and 1.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a sample of 40 healthy adults, between the ages of 21 and 36, that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. No subjects had history of psychiatric or neurologic conditions. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. The VRCPAT was found to correlate significantly with traditional neuropsychological tests assessing similar target constructs. No significant correlations existed between VRCPAT measures and non-target constructs. Findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity consistent with that of traditional neurocognitive measures; and is inconsistent with potential confounds. We conclude that the VRCPAT provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study neurocognitive function within an ecologically valid environment.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While standard neuropsychological measures have been found to have adequate predictive value, their ecological validity may diminish predictions about real world functioning. Virtual environments (VEs) are increasingly recognized as ecologically valid tools for neuropsychological assessment. We aim to develop a VE-based neuropsychological battery delivered within the context of a virtual city: Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT). The 15 minute VRCPAT battery and 1.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a sample of 40 healthy adults, between the ages of 21 and 36, that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. No subjects had history of psychiatric or neurologic conditions. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. The VRCPAT was found to correlate significantly with traditional neuropsychological tests assessing similar target constructs. No significant correlations existed between VRCPAT measures and non-target constructs. Findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity consistent with that of traditional neurocognitive measures; and is inconsistent with potential confounds. We conclude that the VRCPAT provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study neurocognitive function within an ecologically valid environment.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert
Initial Validation of a Virtual Environment for Assessment of Memory Functioning: Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test Journal Article
In: CyberPsychology and Behavior, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 16–24, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_initial_2008,
title = {Initial Validation of a Virtual Environment for Assessment of Memory Functioning: Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Initial%20Validation%20of%20a%20Virtual%20Environment%20for%20Assessment%20of%20Memory%20Functioning-%20Virtual%20Reality%20Cognitive%20Performance%20Assessment%20Test.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {CyberPsychology and Behavior},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {16–24},
abstract = {The current project is an initial attempt at validating the Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT), a virtual environment–based measure of learning and memory. To examine convergent and discriminant validity, a multitrait–multimethod matrix was used in which we hypothesized that the VRCPAT’s total learning and memory scores would correlate with other neuropsychological measures involving learning and memory but not with measures involving potential confounds (i.e., executive functions; attention; processing speed; and verbal fluency). Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 15-minute VRCPAT battery and a 1.5-hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a sample of 30 healthy adults, between the ages of 21 and 36, that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. That is, findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity that is (a) consistent with that assessed by traditional paper-and-pencil measures involving learning and memory and (b) inconsistent with that assessed by traditional paper-and-pencil measures assessing neurocognitive domains traditionally assumed to be other than learning and memory. We conclude that the VRCPAT is a valid test that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study memory function within an ecologically valid environment.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The current project is an initial attempt at validating the Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT), a virtual environment–based measure of learning and memory. To examine convergent and discriminant validity, a multitrait–multimethod matrix was used in which we hypothesized that the VRCPAT’s total learning and memory scores would correlate with other neuropsychological measures involving learning and memory but not with measures involving potential confounds (i.e., executive functions; attention; processing speed; and verbal fluency). Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 15-minute VRCPAT battery and a 1.5-hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a sample of 30 healthy adults, between the ages of 21 and 36, that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. That is, findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity that is (a) consistent with that assessed by traditional paper-and-pencil measures involving learning and memory and (b) inconsistent with that assessed by traditional paper-and-pencil measures assessing neurocognitive domains traditionally assumed to be other than learning and memory. We conclude that the VRCPAT is a valid test that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study memory function within an ecologically valid environment.
2007
Morie, Jacquelyn Ford
Performing in (virtual) spaces: embodiment and being in virtual environments Journal Article
In: International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media, vol. 3, no. 2-3, pp. 123–138, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{morie_performing_2007,
title = {Performing in (virtual) spaces: embodiment and being in virtual environments},
author = {Jacquelyn Ford Morie},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Performing%20in%20(virtual)%20spaces%20-%20embodiment%20and%20being%20in%20virtual%20environments.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-12-01},
journal = {International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media},
volume = {3},
number = {2-3},
pages = {123–138},
abstract = {This paper focuses on how the body has been recontextualised in the age of digital technology, especially through the phenomenon of Virtual Reality, and specifically on fully immersive VR environments made as art or performative installations. It discusses the progresstextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashion in form and function from other digital media or 'cybermedia' to fully immersive virtual environments (VEs). This paper attempts to explicate the specialised and intrinsic qualities of 'Being' in immersive VEs, and how it impacts both the experience of the embodied person in the virtual environment, and our thinking about everyday reality. The unique state of Being in immersive VEs has created a paradigm shift in what humans are now able to experience, and affects how we understand our embodied selves in an increasingly digital world. Because of this, the contributions of visual and performance artists to VE’s continued development is key to how we will know and comprehend ourselves in the near and far future as creatures existing in both the physical and the digital domains. The paper draws upon twenty years as a professional Virtual Reality 'maker' who has trained in both Computer Science and in Art, and finds fascinating affinities between these disciplines in the space of the VE where people and performers interact in new embodied modalities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper focuses on how the body has been recontextualised in the age of digital technology, especially through the phenomenon of Virtual Reality, and specifically on fully immersive VR environments made as art or performative installations. It discusses the progresstextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashion in form and function from other digital media or 'cybermedia' to fully immersive virtual environments (VEs). This paper attempts to explicate the specialised and intrinsic qualities of 'Being' in immersive VEs, and how it impacts both the experience of the embodied person in the virtual environment, and our thinking about everyday reality. The unique state of Being in immersive VEs has created a paradigm shift in what humans are now able to experience, and affects how we understand our embodied selves in an increasingly digital world. Because of this, the contributions of visual and performance artists to VE’s continued development is key to how we will know and comprehend ourselves in the near and far future as creatures existing in both the physical and the digital domains. The paper draws upon twenty years as a professional Virtual Reality 'maker' who has trained in both Computer Science and in Art, and finds fascinating affinities between these disciplines in the space of the VE where people and performers interact in new embodied modalities.
Crooks, Valerie C.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Buckwalter, John Galen
Validation of the Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) instrument: a computerized telephonic measure Journal Article
In: BMC Neurology, vol. 7, no. 10, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{crooks_validation_2007,
title = {Validation of the Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) instrument: a computerized telephonic measure},
author = {Valerie C. Crooks and Thomas D. Parsons and John Galen Buckwalter},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Validation%20of%20the%20Cognitive%20Assessment%20of%20Later%20Life%20Status%20(CALLS)%20instrument-%20a%20computerized%20telephonic%20measure.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2377-7-10},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-05-01},
journal = {BMC Neurology},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
abstract = {Background: Brief screening tests have been developed to measure cognitive performance and dementia, yet they measure limited cognitive domains and often lack construct validity. Neuropsychological assessments, while comprehensive, are too costly and time-consuming for epidemiological studies. This study's aim was to develop a psychometrically valid telephone administered test of cognitive function in aging. Methods: Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 30 minute Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) measure and a 2.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 211 participants 65 years and older that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results: Overall Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the CALLS test was 0.81. A principal component analysis of the CALLS tests yielded five components. The CALLS total score was significantly correlated with four neuropsychological assessment components. Older age and having a high school education or less was significantly correlated with lower CALLS total scores. Females scored better overall than males. There were no score differences based on race. Conclusion: The CALLS test is a valid measure that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study cognitive function in large populations.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Brief screening tests have been developed to measure cognitive performance and dementia, yet they measure limited cognitive domains and often lack construct validity. Neuropsychological assessments, while comprehensive, are too costly and time-consuming for epidemiological studies. This study's aim was to develop a psychometrically valid telephone administered test of cognitive function in aging. Methods: Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 30 minute Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) measure and a 2.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 211 participants 65 years and older that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results: Overall Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the CALLS test was 0.81. A principal component analysis of the CALLS tests yielded five components. The CALLS total score was significantly correlated with four neuropsychological assessment components. Older age and having a high school education or less was significantly correlated with lower CALLS total scores. Females scored better overall than males. There were no score differences based on race. Conclusion: The CALLS test is a valid measure that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study cognitive function in large populations.
Robertson, R. Kevin; Nakasujja, Noeline; Wong, Matthew; Musisi, Seggane; Katabira, Elly; Parsons, Thomas D.; Ronald, Allan; Sacktor, Ned
Pattern of neuropsychological performance among HIV positive patients in Uganda Journal Article
In: BMC Neurology, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{robertson_pattern_2007,
title = {Pattern of neuropsychological performance among HIV positive patients in Uganda},
author = {R. Kevin Robertson and Noeline Nakasujja and Matthew Wong and Seggane Musisi and Elly Katabira and Thomas D. Parsons and Allan Ronald and Ned Sacktor},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Pattern%20of%20neuropsychological%20performance%20among%20HIV%20positive%20patients%20in%20Uganda.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-04-01},
journal = {BMC Neurology},
abstract = {Few studies have examined cognitive functioning of HIV positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa. It cannot be assumed that HIV positive patients in Africa exhibit the same declines as patients in high-resource settings, since there are differences that may influence cognitive functioning including nutrition, history of concomitant disease, and varying HIV strains, among other possibilities. Part of the difficulty of specifying abnormalities in neuropsychological functioning among African HIV positive patients is that there are no readily available African normative databases. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the pattern of neuropsychological performance in a sample of HIV positive patients in comparison to HIV negative control subjects in Uganda. Methods: The neuropsychological test scores of 110 HIV positive patients (WHO Stage 2},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Few studies have examined cognitive functioning of HIV positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa. It cannot be assumed that HIV positive patients in Africa exhibit the same declines as patients in high-resource settings, since there are differences that may influence cognitive functioning including nutrition, history of concomitant disease, and varying HIV strains, among other possibilities. Part of the difficulty of specifying abnormalities in neuropsychological functioning among African HIV positive patients is that there are no readily available African normative databases. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the pattern of neuropsychological performance in a sample of HIV positive patients in comparison to HIV negative control subjects in Uganda. Methods: The neuropsychological test scores of 110 HIV positive patients (WHO Stage 2
Buckwalter, John Galen; Geiger, A. M.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Handler, J.; Howes, J.; Lehmer, R. R.
Cognitive Effects of Short-term Use of Raloxifene: A Randomized Clinical Trial Journal Article
In: International Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 117, pp. 1579–1590, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{buckwalter_cognitive_2007,
title = {Cognitive Effects of Short-term Use of Raloxifene: A Randomized Clinical Trial},
author = {John Galen Buckwalter and A. M. Geiger and Thomas D. Parsons and J. Handler and J. Howes and R. R. Lehmer},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Cognitive%20Effects%20of%20Short-term%20Use%20of%20Raloxifene-%20A%20Randomized%20Clinical%20Trial.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience},
volume = {117},
pages = {1579–1590},
abstract = {Two questions regarding findings from the Women's Health Initiative are (1) What is the effect of various hormonal regimens including selective estrogen receptor modulators? and (2) Is the negative effect on cognitive functioning related to the older age (65+years) if the women? This study addresses these two questions in a short-term randomized trial of the effects of raloxifene versus alendronate on cognition. The study found only one significant interaction where the raloxifene and alendronate group changed differently across the two testing occasions. Hence, raloxifene does not have any impact, positive or negative, on short-term cognitive functioning when compared to alendronate.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two questions regarding findings from the Women's Health Initiative are (1) What is the effect of various hormonal regimens including selective estrogen receptor modulators? and (2) Is the negative effect on cognitive functioning related to the older age (65+years) if the women? This study addresses these two questions in a short-term randomized trial of the effects of raloxifene versus alendronate on cognition. The study found only one significant interaction where the raloxifene and alendronate group changed differently across the two testing occasions. Hence, raloxifene does not have any impact, positive or negative, on short-term cognitive functioning when compared to alendronate.
Rizzo, Albert; Graap, Ken; McLay, Robert N.; Perlman, Karen; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Reger, Greg; Parsons, Thomas D.; Difede, JoAnn; Pair, Jarrell
Virtual Iraq: Initial Case Reports from a VR Exposure Therapy Application for Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Journal Article
In: Virtual Rehabilitation, vol. 27, pp. 124–130, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR, Virtual Humans
@article{rizzo_virtual_2007,
title = {Virtual Iraq: Initial Case Reports from a VR Exposure Therapy Application for Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder},
author = {Albert Rizzo and Ken Graap and Robert N. McLay and Karen Perlman and Barbara O. Rothbaum and Greg Reger and Thomas D. Parsons and JoAnn Difede and Jarrell Pair},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Iraq-%20Initial%20Case%20Reports%20from%20a%20VR%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Application%20for%20Combat-Related%20Post%20Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Virtual Rehabilitation},
volume = {27},
pages = {124–130},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application and present initial findings from two successfully treated patients. The VR treatment environment was created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Camp Pendleton and at the San Diego Naval Medical Center and the results from two successfully treated patients are presented along with a delineation of our future plans for research and clinical care using this application.},
keywords = {MedVR, Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application and present initial findings from two successfully treated patients. The VR treatment environment was created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Camp Pendleton and at the San Diego Naval Medical Center and the results from two successfully treated patients are presented along with a delineation of our future plans for research and clinical care using this application.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert; Bamattre, Jacob; Brennan, John
Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test Journal Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_virtual_2007,
title = {Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo and Jacob Bamattre and John Brennan},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Reality%20Cognitive%20Performance%20Assessment%20Test.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
abstract = {Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) is a virtual environment based measure of learning and memory. We examined convergent and discriminant validity and hypothesized that the VRCPAT’s Total Learning and Memory scores would correlate with other neuropsychological measures involving learning and memory, but not with measures involving potential confounds (i.e., Executive Functions; Attention; and Processing Speed). Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 15 minute VRCPAT battery and a 1.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 20 healthy adults that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. That is, findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity that is 1) consistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures involving learning and memory; and 2) inconsistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures assessing neurocognitive domains traditionally assumed to be other than learning and memory. We conclude that the VRCPAT is a valid test that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study memory function within an ecologically valid environment.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) is a virtual environment based measure of learning and memory. We examined convergent and discriminant validity and hypothesized that the VRCPAT’s Total Learning and Memory scores would correlate with other neuropsychological measures involving learning and memory, but not with measures involving potential confounds (i.e., Executive Functions; Attention; and Processing Speed). Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 15 minute VRCPAT battery and a 1.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 20 healthy adults that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. That is, findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity that is 1) consistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures involving learning and memory; and 2) inconsistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures assessing neurocognitive domains traditionally assumed to be other than learning and memory. We conclude that the VRCPAT is a valid test that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study memory function within an ecologically valid environment.
Yeh, Shih-Ching; Rizzo, Albert; McLaughlin, Margaret; Parsons, Thomas D.
In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol. 125, pp. 506–511, 2007.
@article{yeh_vr_2007,
title = {VR Enhanced Upper Extremity Motor Training for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Task Design, Clinical Experiment and Visualization on Performance and Progress},
author = {Shih-Ching Yeh and Albert Rizzo and Margaret McLaughlin and Thomas D. Parsons},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/VR%20Enhanced%20Upper%20Extremity%20Motor%20Training%20for%20Post-Stroke%20Rehabilitation-%20Task%20Design,%20Clinical%20Experiment%20and%20Visualization%20on%20Performance%20and%20Progress.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
volume = {125},
pages = {506–511},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parsons, Thomas D.; Bowerly, Todd; Buckwalter, John Galen; Rizzo, Albert
In: Child Neuropsychology, vol. 13, pp. 363–381, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_controlled_2007,
title = {A controlled clinical comparison of attention performance in children with ADHD in a virtual reality classroom compared to standard neuropsychological methods},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Todd Bowerly and John Galen Buckwalter and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20CONTROLLED%20CLINICAL%20COMPARISON%20OF%20ATTENTION%20PERFORMANCE%20IN%20CHILDREN%20WITH%20ADHD%20IN%20A%20VIRTUAL%20REALITY%20CLASSROOM%20COMPARED%20TO%20STANDARD%20NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL%20METHODS.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/13825580600943473},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Child Neuropsychology},
volume = {13},
pages = {363–381},
abstract = {In this initial pilot study, a controlled clinical comparison was made of attention performance in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a virtual reality (VR) classroom. Ten boys diagnosed with ADHD and ten normal control boys participated in the study. Groups did not significantly differ in mean age, grade level, ethnicity, or handedness. No participants reported simulator sickness following VR exposure. Children with ADHD exhibited more omission errors, commission errors, and overall body movement than normal control children in the VR classroom. Children with ADHD were more impacted by distraction in the VR classroom. VR classroom measures were correlated with traditional ADHD assessment tools and the flatscreen CPT. Of note, the small sample size incorporated in each group and higher WISC-III scores of normal controls might have some bearing on the overall interpretation of results. These data suggested that the Virtual Classroom had good potential for controlled performance assessment within an ecologically valid environment and appeared to parse out significant effects due to the presence of distraction stimuli.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this initial pilot study, a controlled clinical comparison was made of attention performance in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a virtual reality (VR) classroom. Ten boys diagnosed with ADHD and ten normal control boys participated in the study. Groups did not significantly differ in mean age, grade level, ethnicity, or handedness. No participants reported simulator sickness following VR exposure. Children with ADHD exhibited more omission errors, commission errors, and overall body movement than normal control children in the VR classroom. Children with ADHD were more impacted by distraction in the VR classroom. VR classroom measures were correlated with traditional ADHD assessment tools and the flatscreen CPT. Of note, the small sample size incorporated in each group and higher WISC-III scores of normal controls might have some bearing on the overall interpretation of results. These data suggested that the Virtual Classroom had good potential for controlled performance assessment within an ecologically valid environment and appeared to parse out significant effects due to the presence of distraction stimuli.
Martinovski, Bilyana; Traum, David; Marsella, Stacy C.
Rejection of empathy in negotiation Journal Article
In: Group Decision and Negotiation, vol. 16, pp. 61–76, 2007, ISSN: 0926-2644.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Social Simulation, Virtual Humans
@article{martinovski_rejection_2007,
title = {Rejection of empathy in negotiation},
author = {Bilyana Martinovski and David Traum and Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Rejection%20of%20empathy%20in%20negotiation.pdf},
issn = {0926-2644},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Group Decision and Negotiation},
volume = {16},
pages = {61–76},
abstract = {Trust is a crucial quality in the development of individuals and societies and empathy plays a key role in the formation of trust. Trust and empathy have growing importance in studies of negotiation. However, empathy can be rejected which complicates its role in negotiation. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of empathy by focusing on rejection of empathy in negotiation. Some of the rejections are due to failed recognition of the rejector's needs and desires whereas others have mainly strategic functions gaining momentum in the negotiation. In both cases, rejection of empathy is a phase in the negotiation not a breakdown.},
keywords = {Social Simulation, Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Trust is a crucial quality in the development of individuals and societies and empathy plays a key role in the formation of trust. Trust and empathy have growing importance in studies of negotiation. However, empathy can be rejected which complicates its role in negotiation. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of empathy by focusing on rejection of empathy in negotiation. Some of the rejections are due to failed recognition of the rejector's needs and desires whereas others have mainly strategic functions gaining momentum in the negotiation. In both cases, rejection of empathy is a phase in the negotiation not a breakdown.
Miller, Karen J.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Whybrow, Peter C.; Herle, Katja; Rasgon, Natalie; Herle, Andre; Martinez, Dorothy; Silverman, Dan H.; Bauer, Michael
Verbal Memory Retrieval Deficits Associated With Untreated Hypothyroidism Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 132–136, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{miller_verbal_2007,
title = {Verbal Memory Retrieval Deficits Associated With Untreated Hypothyroidism},
author = {Karen J. Miller and Thomas D. Parsons and Peter C. Whybrow and Katja Herle and Natalie Rasgon and Andre Herle and Dorothy Martinez and Dan H. Silverman and Michael Bauer},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Verbal%20Memory%20Retrieval%20Deficits%20Associated%20With%20Untreated%20Hypothyroidism.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {132–136},
abstract = {The effects of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to the brain on adult cognitive function are poorly understood. This study assessed the effects of hypothyroidism on cognitive function using a standard neuropsychological battery in 14 patients suffering from untreated hypothyroidism and complaining of subjective cognitive difï¬culties in comparison with 10 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Signiï¬cant differences between groups were limited to verbal memory retrieval as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). On short delay free recall, long delay free recall, and long delay cued recall, signiï¬cant differences remained between groups despite the limited statistical power of this study. There were no signiï¬cant results found between groups on attentional or nonverbal tasks. Results suggest that hypothyroid-related memory deï¬cits are not attributable to an attentional deï¬cit but rather to speciï¬c retrieval deï¬cits.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The effects of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to the brain on adult cognitive function are poorly understood. This study assessed the effects of hypothyroidism on cognitive function using a standard neuropsychological battery in 14 patients suffering from untreated hypothyroidism and complaining of subjective cognitive difï¬culties in comparison with 10 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Signiï¬cant differences between groups were limited to verbal memory retrieval as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). On short delay free recall, long delay free recall, and long delay cued recall, signiï¬cant differences remained between groups despite the limited statistical power of this study. There were no signiï¬cant results found between groups on attentional or nonverbal tasks. Results suggest that hypothyroid-related memory deï¬cits are not attributable to an attentional deï¬cit but rather to speciï¬c retrieval deï¬cits.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rogers, Steven A.; Hall, Colin D.; Robertson, R. Kevin
Motor Based Assessment of Neurocognitive Functioning in Resource-Limited International Settings. Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 29, pp. 59–66, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_motor_2007,
title = {Motor Based Assessment of Neurocognitive Functioning in Resource-Limited International Settings.},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Steven A. Rogers and Colin D. Hall and R. Kevin Robertson},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Motor%20based%20assessment%20of%20neurocognitive%20functioning%20in%20resource-limited%20Iinternational%20settings.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {29},
pages = {59–66},
abstract = {This study compared variance accounted for by neuropsychological tests in both a brief motor battery and in a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. 327 HIV + subjects received a comprehensive cognitive battery and a shorter battery (Timed Gait, Grooved Pegboard, and Fingertapping). A significant correlation existed between the motor component tests and the more comprehensive battery (52% of variance). Adding Digit symbol and Trailmaking increased the amount of variance accounted for (73%). Motor battery sensitivity to impairment diagnosis was 0.79 and specificity was 0.76. A motor battery may have broader utility to diagnose and monitor HIV related neurocognitive disorders in international settings.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study compared variance accounted for by neuropsychological tests in both a brief motor battery and in a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. 327 HIV + subjects received a comprehensive cognitive battery and a shorter battery (Timed Gait, Grooved Pegboard, and Fingertapping). A significant correlation existed between the motor component tests and the more comprehensive battery (52% of variance). Adding Digit symbol and Trailmaking increased the amount of variance accounted for (73%). Motor battery sensitivity to impairment diagnosis was 0.79 and specificity was 0.76. A motor battery may have broader utility to diagnose and monitor HIV related neurocognitive disorders in international settings.
Iudicello, Jennifer E.; Woods, Steven Paul; Parsons, Thomas D.; Moran, Lisa M.; Carey, Catherine L.; Grant, Igor
Verbal fluency in HIV infection: A meta-analytic review Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 13, pp. 183–189, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{iudicello_verbal_2007,
title = {Verbal fluency in HIV infection: A meta-analytic review},
author = {Jennifer E. Iudicello and Steven Paul Woods and Thomas D. Parsons and Lisa M. Moran and Catherine L. Carey and Igor Grant},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Verbal%20fluency%20in%20HIV%20infection-%20A%20meta-analytic%20review.pdf},
doi = {10.10170S1355617707070221},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {13},
pages = {183–189},
abstract = {Given the largely prefrontostriatal neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurobehavioral deficits, it is often presumed that HIV infection leads to greater impairment on letter versus category fluency. A meta-analysis of the HIV verbal fluency literature was conducted (k 5 37, n 5 7110) to assess this hypothesis and revealed generally small effect sizes for both letter and category fluency, which increased in magnitude with advancing HIV disease severity. Across all studies, the mean effect size of category fluency was slightly larger than that of letter fluency. However, the discrepancy between category and letter fluency dissipated in a more conservative analysis of only those studies that included both tests. Thus, HIV-associated impairments in letter and category fluency are of similar magnitude, suggesting that mild word generation deficits are evident in HIV, regardless of whether traditional letter or semantic cues are used to guide the word search and retrieval process.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Given the largely prefrontostriatal neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurobehavioral deficits, it is often presumed that HIV infection leads to greater impairment on letter versus category fluency. A meta-analysis of the HIV verbal fluency literature was conducted (k 5 37, n 5 7110) to assess this hypothesis and revealed generally small effect sizes for both letter and category fluency, which increased in magnitude with advancing HIV disease severity. Across all studies, the mean effect size of category fluency was slightly larger than that of letter fluency. However, the discrepancy between category and letter fluency dissipated in a more conservative analysis of only those studies that included both tests. Thus, HIV-associated impairments in letter and category fluency are of similar magnitude, suggesting that mild word generation deficits are evident in HIV, regardless of whether traditional letter or semantic cues are used to guide the word search and retrieval process.
Robertson, R. Kevin; Smurzynski, Marlene; Parsons, Thomas D.; Wu, Kunling; Bosch, Ronald J.; Wu, Julia; McArthur, Justin C.; Collier, Ann C.; Evans, Scott R.; Ellis, Ron J.
The Prevalence and Incidence of Neurocognitive Impairment in the HAART Era Journal Article
In: AIDS, vol. 21, pp. 1915–1921, 2007, ISSN: 0269-9370.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{robertson_prevalence_2007,
title = {The Prevalence and Incidence of Neurocognitive Impairment in the HAART Era},
author = {R. Kevin Robertson and Marlene Smurzynski and Thomas D. Parsons and Kunling Wu and Ronald J. Bosch and Julia Wu and Justin C. McArthur and Ann C. Collier and Scott R. Evans and Ron J. Ellis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20prevalence%20and%20incidence%20of%20neurocognitive%20impairment%20in%20the%20HAART%20era.pdf},
issn = {0269-9370},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {AIDS},
volume = {21},
pages = {1915–1921},
abstract = {Objectives: HAART suppresses HIV viral replication and restores immune function. The effects of HAART on neurological disease are less well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in individuals who initiated HAART as part of an AIDS clinical trial. Design: A prospective cohort study of HIV-positive patients enrolled in randomized antiretroviral trials, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) study. Methods: We examined the association between baseline and demographic characteristics and neurocognitive impairment among 1160 subjects enrolled in the ALLRT study. Results: A history of immunosuppression (nadir CD4 cell count textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless 200 cells/ml) was associated with an increase in prevalent neurocognitive impairment. There were no signiï¬cant virological and immunological predictors of incident neurocognitive impairment. Current immune status (low CD4 cell count) was associated with sustained prevalent impairment. Conclusion: The association of previous advanced immunosuppression with prevalent and sustained impairment suggests that there is a non-reversible component of neural injury that tracks with a history of disease progression. The association of sustained impairment with worse current immune status (low CD4 cell count) suggests that restoring immunocompetence increases the likelihood of neurocognitive recovery. Finally, the lack of association between incident neurocognitive impairment and virological and immunological indicators implies that neural injury continues in some patients regardless of the success of antiretroviral therapy on these laboratory measures.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objectives: HAART suppresses HIV viral replication and restores immune function. The effects of HAART on neurological disease are less well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in individuals who initiated HAART as part of an AIDS clinical trial. Design: A prospective cohort study of HIV-positive patients enrolled in randomized antiretroviral trials, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) study. Methods: We examined the association between baseline and demographic characteristics and neurocognitive impairment among 1160 subjects enrolled in the ALLRT study. Results: A history of immunosuppression (nadir CD4 cell count textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless 200 cells/ml) was associated with an increase in prevalent neurocognitive impairment. There were no signiï¬cant virological and immunological predictors of incident neurocognitive impairment. Current immune status (low CD4 cell count) was associated with sustained prevalent impairment. Conclusion: The association of previous advanced immunosuppression with prevalent and sustained impairment suggests that there is a non-reversible component of neural injury that tracks with a history of disease progression. The association of sustained impairment with worse current immune status (low CD4 cell count) suggests that restoring immunocompetence increases the likelihood of neurocognitive recovery. Finally, the lack of association between incident neurocognitive impairment and virological and immunological indicators implies that neural injury continues in some patients regardless of the success of antiretroviral therapy on these laboratory measures.
Robertson, R. Kevin; Parsons, Thomas D.; Rogers, Steven A.; Braaten, Alyssa J.; Robertson, Wendy T.; Wilson, Susan; Hall, Colin D.
Assessing health-related quality of life in NeuroAIDS: some psychometric properties of the Neurological Quality of Life Questionnaire (NeuroQOL) Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 14, pp. 416+423, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{robertson_assessing_2007,
title = {Assessing health-related quality of life in NeuroAIDS: some psychometric properties of the Neurological Quality of Life Questionnaire (NeuroQOL)},
author = {R. Kevin Robertson and Thomas D. Parsons and Steven A. Rogers and Alyssa J. Braaten and Wendy T. Robertson and Susan Wilson and Colin D. Hall},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Assessing%20health-related%20quality%20of%20life%20in%20NeuroAIDS-%20some%20psychometric%20properties%20of%20the%20Neurological%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Questionnaire%20(NeuroQOL).pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Neuroscience},
volume = {14},
pages = {416+423},
abstract = {Several studies were undertaken to assess the psychometric properties (reliability and initial convergent and discriminant construct validity) of the Neurological Quality of Life Questionnaire (NeuroQOL). The NeuroQOL contains 114 items answered in self report Likert format, with higher scores reflecting better quality of life. Study one compared the questionnaire with existing quality of life measures (Symptom Distress Scale, Sickness Impact Profile) and disease stage, psychological, neuropsychological and neurological measures, and a significant correlation was also fount with each domain. The internal consistency reliability (alpha = 0.96), split half reliability (r12 = 0.97), and test-retest reliability (coefficients were 0.78 for 6 months and 0.67 for one year intervals between test and retest) were all found to high and adequately stable. Overall, these results indicate acceptable reliability and initial construct valididty for the NeuroQOL.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Several studies were undertaken to assess the psychometric properties (reliability and initial convergent and discriminant construct validity) of the Neurological Quality of Life Questionnaire (NeuroQOL). The NeuroQOL contains 114 items answered in self report Likert format, with higher scores reflecting better quality of life. Study one compared the questionnaire with existing quality of life measures (Symptom Distress Scale, Sickness Impact Profile) and disease stage, psychological, neuropsychological and neurological measures, and a significant correlation was also fount with each domain. The internal consistency reliability (alpha = 0.96), split half reliability (r12 = 0.97), and test-retest reliability (coefficients were 0.78 for 6 months and 0.67 for one year intervals between test and retest) were all found to high and adequately stable. Overall, these results indicate acceptable reliability and initial construct valididty for the NeuroQOL.
Macedonio, Mary F.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Digiuseppe, Raymond A.; Wiederhold, Brenda K.; Rizzo, Albert
Immersiveness and Physiological Arousal within Panoramic Video-Based Virtual Reality Journal Article
In: CyberPsychology and Behavior, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 508–515, 2007.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{macedonio_immersiveness_2007,
title = {Immersiveness and Physiological Arousal within Panoramic Video-Based Virtual Reality},
author = {Mary F. Macedonio and Thomas D. Parsons and Raymond A. Digiuseppe and Brenda K. Wiederhold and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Immersiveness%20and%20Physiological%20Arousal%20within%20Panoramic%20Video-Based%20Virtual%20Reality.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {CyberPsychology and Behavior},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {508–515},
abstract = {In this paper, we discuss findings from a study that used panoramic video-based virtual environments (PVVEs) to induce self-reported anger. The study assessed "immersiveness" and physiological correlates of anger arousal (i.e., heart rate, blood pressure, galvanic skin response [GSR], respiration, and skin temperature). Results indicate that over time, panoramic video-based virtual scenarios can be, at the very least, physiologically arousing. Further, it can be affirmed from the results that hypnotizability, as defined by the applied measures, interacts with group on physiological arousal measures. Hence, physiological arousal appeared to be moderated by participant hypnotizability and absorption levels.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we discuss findings from a study that used panoramic video-based virtual environments (PVVEs) to induce self-reported anger. The study assessed "immersiveness" and physiological correlates of anger arousal (i.e., heart rate, blood pressure, galvanic skin response [GSR], respiration, and skin temperature). Results indicate that over time, panoramic video-based virtual scenarios can be, at the very least, physiologically arousing. Further, it can be affirmed from the results that hypnotizability, as defined by the applied measures, interacts with group on physiological arousal measures. Hence, physiological arousal appeared to be moderated by participant hypnotizability and absorption levels.
2006
Core, Mark; Traum, David; Lane, H. Chad; Swartout, William; Marsella, Stacy C.; Gratch, Jonathan; Lent, Michael
Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans Journal Article
In: Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation, vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 685–701, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Learning Sciences, Social Simulation, Virtual Humans
@article{core_teaching_2006,
title = {Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans},
author = {Mark Core and David Traum and H. Chad Lane and William Swartout and Stacy C. Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Michael Lent},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Teaching%20Negotiation%20Skills.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
journal = {Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation},
volume = {82},
number = {11},
pages = {685–701},
abstract = {Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of virtual humans with rich mental models (e.g., including emotions, trust) that interact through conversational as well as physical behaviors. The motivation for such simulations is training soft skills such as leadership, cultural awareness, and negotiation, where the majority of actions are conversational, and the problem solving involves consideration of the emotions, attitudes, and desires of others.The educational power of such simulations can be enhanced by the integration of an intelligent tutoring system to support learners� understanding of the effect of their actions on virtual humans and how they might improve their performance. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build such virtual humans, along with an accompanying intelligent tutor, for the domain of negotiation and cultural awareness.},
keywords = {Learning Sciences, Social Simulation, Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of virtual humans with rich mental models (e.g., including emotions, trust) that interact through conversational as well as physical behaviors. The motivation for such simulations is training soft skills such as leadership, cultural awareness, and negotiation, where the majority of actions are conversational, and the problem solving involves consideration of the emotions, attitudes, and desires of others.The educational power of such simulations can be enhanced by the integration of an intelligent tutoring system to support learners� understanding of the effect of their actions on virtual humans and how they might improve their performance. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build such virtual humans, along with an accompanying intelligent tutor, for the domain of negotiation and cultural awareness.
Debevec, Paul
Virtual Cinematography: Relighting through Computation Journal Article
In: IEEE ComputerMagazine, vol. 39, pp. 57–65, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Graphics
@article{debevec_virtual_2006,
title = {Virtual Cinematography: Relighting through Computation},
author = {Paul Debevec},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Cinematography-%20Relighting%20through%20Computation.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-08-01},
journal = {IEEE ComputerMagazine},
volume = {39},
pages = {57–65},
abstract = {Recording how scenes transform incident illumination into radiant light is an active topic in computational photography. Such techniques make it possible to create virtual images of a person or place from new viewpoints and in any form of illumination.},
keywords = {Graphics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recording how scenes transform incident illumination into radiant light is an active topic in computational photography. Such techniques make it possible to create virtual images of a person or place from new viewpoints and in any form of illumination.
Riedl, Mark O.; Young, R. Michael
From Linear Story Generation to Branching Story Graphs Journal Article
In: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 23–31, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{riedl_linear_2006,
title = {From Linear Story Generation to Branching Story Graphs},
author = {Mark O. Riedl and R. Michael Young},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/From%20Linear%20Story%20Generation%20to%20Branching%20Story%20Graphs.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-06-01},
journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {23–31},
abstract = {Interactive narrative systems are storytelling systems in which the user can influence the content or ordering of story world events. Conceptually, an interactive narrative can be represented as a branching graph of narrative elements, implying points at which an interactive user?s decisions influence the content or ordering of the remaining elements. Generative approaches to interactive narrative construct narrative at runtime or pre-construct on a per-session basis highly interactive branching narrative structures. One generative approach ? narrative mediation ? represents story as a linear progression of events with anticipated user actions and system-controlled agent actions together in a partially-ordered plan. For every possible way the user can violate the story plan, an alternative story plan is generated. If narrative mediation is powerful enough to express the same interactive stories as systems that use branching narrative structures, then linear narrative generation techniques can be applied to interactive narrative generation. This paper lays out this argument and sketches a proof that narrative mediation is at least as powerful as acyclic branching story structures.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Interactive narrative systems are storytelling systems in which the user can influence the content or ordering of story world events. Conceptually, an interactive narrative can be represented as a branching graph of narrative elements, implying points at which an interactive user?s decisions influence the content or ordering of the remaining elements. Generative approaches to interactive narrative construct narrative at runtime or pre-construct on a per-session basis highly interactive branching narrative structures. One generative approach ? narrative mediation ? represents story as a linear progression of events with anticipated user actions and system-controlled agent actions together in a partially-ordered plan. For every possible way the user can violate the story plan, an alternative story plan is generated. If narrative mediation is powerful enough to express the same interactive stories as systems that use branching narrative structures, then linear narrative generation techniques can be applied to interactive narrative generation. This paper lays out this argument and sketches a proof that narrative mediation is at least as powerful as acyclic branching story structures.
Callieri, Marco; Debevec, Paul; Scopigno, Roberto
A realtime immersive application with realistic lighting: The Parthenon Journal Article
In: Computers & Graphics, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 368–376, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Graphics
@article{callieri_realtime_2006,
title = {A realtime immersive application with realistic lighting: The Parthenon},
author = {Marco Callieri and Paul Debevec and Roberto Scopigno},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20realtime%20immersive%20application%20with%20realistic%20lighting-%20The%20Parthenon.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-06-01},
journal = {Computers & Graphics},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {368–376},
abstract = {Offline rendering techniques have nowadays reached an astonishing level of realism but pay the cost of long computational times. The new generation of programmable graphic hardware, on the other hand, gives the possibility to implement in realtime some of the visual effects previously available only for cinematographic production. We describe the design and implementation of an interactive system which is able to reproduce in realtime one of the crucial sequences from the short movie “The Parthenon” presented at Siggraph 2004. The application is designed to run on a specific immersive reality system, making possible for a user to perceive the virtual environment with nearly cinematographic visual quality.},
keywords = {Graphics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Offline rendering techniques have nowadays reached an astonishing level of realism but pay the cost of long computational times. The new generation of programmable graphic hardware, on the other hand, gives the possibility to implement in realtime some of the visual effects previously available only for cinematographic production. We describe the design and implementation of an interactive system which is able to reproduce in realtime one of the crucial sequences from the short movie “The Parthenon” presented at Siggraph 2004. The application is designed to run on a specific immersive reality system, making possible for a user to perceive the virtual environment with nearly cinematographic visual quality.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rogers, Steven A.; Braaten, Alyssa J.; Woods, Steven Paul; Tröster, Alexander I.
Cognitive sequelae of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Lancet Neurology, vol. 5, pp. 578–588, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_cognitive_2006,
title = {Cognitive sequelae of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Steven A. Rogers and Alyssa J. Braaten and Steven Paul Woods and Alexander I. Tröster},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Cognitive%20sequelae%20of%20subthalamic%20nucleus%20deep%20brain%20stimulation%20in%20Parkinson%E2%80%99s%20disease-%20a%20meta-analysis.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-06-01},
journal = {Lancet Neurology},
volume = {5},
pages = {578–588},
abstract = {Summary: Background Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) is an increasingly common treatment for Parkinson's disease. Qualitative reviews have concluded that diminished verbal fluency is common after STN DBS, but that changes in global cognitive abilities, attention, executive functions, and memory are only inconsistently observed and, when present, often nominal or transient. We did a quantitative meta-analysis to improve understanding of the variability and clinical signiï¬cance of cognitive dysfunction after STN DBS. Methods: We searched MedLine, PsycLIT, and ISI Web of Science electronic databases for articles published between 1990 and 2006, and extracted information about number of patients, exclusion criteria, conï¬rmation of target by microelectrode recording, veriï¬cation of electrode placement via radiographic means, stimulation parameters, assessment time points, assessment measures, whether patients were on levodopa or dopaminomimetics, and summary statistics needed for computation of effect sizes. We used the random-effects meta-analytical model to assess continuous outcomes before and after STN DBS. Findings: Of 40 neuropsychological studies identiï¬ed, 28 cohort studies (including 612 patients) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. After adjusting for heterogeneity of variance in study effect sizes, the random effects meta-analysis revealed signiï¬cant, albeit small, declines in executive functions and verbal learning and memory. Moderate declines were only reported in semantic (Cohen's d 0·73) and phonemic verbal fluency (0·51). Changes in verbal fluency were not related to patient age, disease duration, stimulation parameters, or change in dopaminomimetic dose after surgery. Interpretation: STN DBS, in selected patients, seems relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint. However, diffculty in identiï¬cation of factors underlying changes in verbal fluency draws attention to the need for uniform and detailed reporting of patient selection, demographic, disease, treatment, surgical, stimulation, and clinical outcome parameters.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Summary: Background Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) is an increasingly common treatment for Parkinson's disease. Qualitative reviews have concluded that diminished verbal fluency is common after STN DBS, but that changes in global cognitive abilities, attention, executive functions, and memory are only inconsistently observed and, when present, often nominal or transient. We did a quantitative meta-analysis to improve understanding of the variability and clinical signiï¬cance of cognitive dysfunction after STN DBS. Methods: We searched MedLine, PsycLIT, and ISI Web of Science electronic databases for articles published between 1990 and 2006, and extracted information about number of patients, exclusion criteria, conï¬rmation of target by microelectrode recording, veriï¬cation of electrode placement via radiographic means, stimulation parameters, assessment time points, assessment measures, whether patients were on levodopa or dopaminomimetics, and summary statistics needed for computation of effect sizes. We used the random-effects meta-analytical model to assess continuous outcomes before and after STN DBS. Findings: Of 40 neuropsychological studies identiï¬ed, 28 cohort studies (including 612 patients) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. After adjusting for heterogeneity of variance in study effect sizes, the random effects meta-analysis revealed signiï¬cant, albeit small, declines in executive functions and verbal learning and memory. Moderate declines were only reported in semantic (Cohen's d 0·73) and phonemic verbal fluency (0·51). Changes in verbal fluency were not related to patient age, disease duration, stimulation parameters, or change in dopaminomimetic dose after surgery. Interpretation: STN DBS, in selected patients, seems relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint. However, diffculty in identiï¬cation of factors underlying changes in verbal fluency draws attention to the need for uniform and detailed reporting of patient selection, demographic, disease, treatment, surgical, stimulation, and clinical outcome parameters.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Tucker, Karen A.; Hall, Colin D.; Robertson, Wendy T.; Eron, Joseph J.; Fried, Michael W.; Robertson, R. Kevin
Neurocognitive functioning and HAART in HIV and hepatitis C virus co-infection Journal Article
In: AIDS, vol. 20, pp. 1591–1595, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_neurocognitive_2006,
title = {Neurocognitive functioning and HAART in HIV and hepatitis C virus co-infection},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Karen A. Tucker and Colin D. Hall and Wendy T. Robertson and Joseph J. Eron and Michael W. Fried and R. Kevin Robertson},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Neurocognitive%20functioning%20and%20HAART%20in%20HIV%20and%20hepatitis%20C%20virus%20co-infection.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-05-01},
journal = {AIDS},
volume = {20},
pages = {1591–1595},
abstract = {Objectives: This study examined the effects of HAART on neurocognitive functioning in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV co-infection. Design: A prospective study examining neurocognitive performance before and after HAART initiation. Method: Participant groups included a mono-infected group (45 HIV/HCV-participants) and a co-infected group (20 HIV/HCV participants). A neuropsychological battery (attention/concentration, psychomotor speed, executive functioning, verbal memory, visual memory, ï¬ne motor, and gross motor functioning) was used to evaluate all participants. After 6 months of HAART, 31 HIV mono-infected and 13 HCV/ HIV co-infected participants were reevaluated. Results: Neurocognitive functioning by domain revealed signiï¬cantly worse performance in the co-infected group when compared to the monoinfected group on domains of visual memory and ï¬ne motor functioning. Assessment of neurocognitive functioning after antiretroviral therapy revealed that the co-infected group was no longer performing worse than the monoinfected group. Conclusions: The ï¬ndings of the current study suggest that persons with HCV/HIV co-infection may have greater neurocognitive declines than persons with HIV infection alone. HCV/HIV co-infection may accelerate the progression of HIV related neurocognitive decline.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objectives: This study examined the effects of HAART on neurocognitive functioning in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV co-infection. Design: A prospective study examining neurocognitive performance before and after HAART initiation. Method: Participant groups included a mono-infected group (45 HIV/HCV-participants) and a co-infected group (20 HIV/HCV participants). A neuropsychological battery (attention/concentration, psychomotor speed, executive functioning, verbal memory, visual memory, ï¬ne motor, and gross motor functioning) was used to evaluate all participants. After 6 months of HAART, 31 HIV mono-infected and 13 HCV/ HIV co-infected participants were reevaluated. Results: Neurocognitive functioning by domain revealed signiï¬cantly worse performance in the co-infected group when compared to the monoinfected group on domains of visual memory and ï¬ne motor functioning. Assessment of neurocognitive functioning after antiretroviral therapy revealed that the co-infected group was no longer performing worse than the monoinfected group. Conclusions: The ï¬ndings of the current study suggest that persons with HCV/HIV co-infection may have greater neurocognitive declines than persons with HIV infection alone. HCV/HIV co-infection may accelerate the progression of HIV related neurocognitive decline.
Miller, Karen J.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Whybrow, Peter C.; Herle, Katja; Rasgon, Natalie; Herle, Andre; Martinez, Dorothy; Silverman, Dan H.; Bauer, Michael
Memory Improvement with Treatment of Hypothyroidism Journal Article
In: International Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 895–906, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{miller_memory_2006,
title = {Memory Improvement with Treatment of Hypothyroidism},
author = {Karen J. Miller and Thomas D. Parsons and Peter C. Whybrow and Katja Herle and Natalie Rasgon and Andre Herle and Dorothy Martinez and Dan H. Silverman and Michael Bauer},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Memory%20Improvement%20with%20Treatment%20of%20Hypothyroidism.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {895–906},
abstract = {The consequences of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to the brain and treatment effects of levothyroxine function are still poorly understood. This study prospectively assessed the effects of thyroid replacement therapy on cognitive function in patients suffering from biochemical evidenced, untreated hypothyroidism. Significant effects between the untreated hypothyroid group and control group were limited to verbal memory retrieval. When assessing the effects of 3-month treatment, results revealed that the treated hypothyroid group had significant increased verbal memory retrieval. Results suggest that specific memory retrieval deficits associated with hypothyroidism can resolve after replacement therapy with levothyroxine.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The consequences of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to the brain and treatment effects of levothyroxine function are still poorly understood. This study prospectively assessed the effects of thyroid replacement therapy on cognitive function in patients suffering from biochemical evidenced, untreated hypothyroidism. Significant effects between the untreated hypothyroid group and control group were limited to verbal memory retrieval. When assessing the effects of 3-month treatment, results revealed that the treated hypothyroid group had significant increased verbal memory retrieval. Results suggest that specific memory retrieval deficits associated with hypothyroidism can resolve after replacement therapy with levothyroxine.
Swartout, William; Gratch, Jonathan; Hill, Randall W.; Hovy, Eduard; Marsella, Stacy C.; Rickel, Jeff; Traum, David
Toward Virtual Humans Journal Article
In: AI Magazine, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Social Simulation, Virtual Humans
@article{swartout_toward_2006,
title = {Toward Virtual Humans},
author = {William Swartout and Jonathan Gratch and Randall W. Hill and Eduard Hovy and Stacy C. Marsella and Jeff Rickel and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Toward%20Virtual%20Humans.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {AI Magazine},
abstract = {This paper describes the virtual humans developed as part of the Mission Rehearsal Exercise project, a virtual reality-based training system. This project is an ambitious exercise in integration, both in the sense of integrating technology with entertainment industry content, but also in that we have joined a number of component technologies that have not been integrated before. This integration has not only raised new research issues, but it has also suggested some new approaches to difficult problems. We describe the key capabilities of the virtual humans, including task representation and reasoning, natural language dialogue, and emotion reasoning, and show how these capabilities are integrated to provide more human-level intelligence than would otherwise be possible.},
keywords = {Social Simulation, Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes the virtual humans developed as part of the Mission Rehearsal Exercise project, a virtual reality-based training system. This project is an ambitious exercise in integration, both in the sense of integrating technology with entertainment industry content, but also in that we have joined a number of component technologies that have not been integrated before. This integration has not only raised new research issues, but it has also suggested some new approaches to difficult problems. We describe the key capabilities of the virtual humans, including task representation and reasoning, natural language dialogue, and emotion reasoning, and show how these capabilities are integrated to provide more human-level intelligence than would otherwise be possible.
Braaten, Alyssa J.; Parsons, Thomas D.; McCue, Robert; Sellers, Alfred; Burns, William J.
In: International Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 116, pp. 1271–1293, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{braaten_neurocognitive_2006,
title = {Neurocognitive Differential Diagnosis of Dementing Diseases: Alzheimers Demntia, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder},
author = {Alyssa J. Braaten and Thomas D. Parsons and Robert McCue and Alfred Sellers and William J. Burns},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/NEUROCOGNITIVE%20DIFFERENTIAL%20DIAGNOSIS%20OF%20DEMENTING%20DISEASES-%20ALZHEIMER%E2%80%99S%20DEMENTIA,%20VASCULAR%20DEMENTIA,%20FRONTOTEMPORAL%20DEMENTIA,%20AND%20MAJOR%20DEPRESSIVE%20DISORDER.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience},
volume = {116},
pages = {1271–1293},
abstract = {Similarities in presentation of Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder, pose differential diagnosis challenges. The current study identiï¬es speciï¬c neuropsychological patterns of scores for Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychological domains directly assessed in the study included: immediate memory, delayed memory, confrontational naming, verbal fluency, attention, concentration, and executive functioning. The results reveal speciï¬c neuropsychological comparative proï¬les for Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder. The identiï¬cation of these proï¬les will assist in the differential diagnosis of these disorders and aid in patient treatment.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Similarities in presentation of Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder, pose differential diagnosis challenges. The current study identiï¬es speciï¬c neuropsychological patterns of scores for Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychological domains directly assessed in the study included: immediate memory, delayed memory, confrontational naming, verbal fluency, attention, concentration, and executive functioning. The results reveal speciï¬c neuropsychological comparative proï¬les for Dementia of Alzheimer's Type, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Major Depressive Disorder. The identiï¬cation of these proï¬les will assist in the differential diagnosis of these disorders and aid in patient treatment.
Tröster, Alexander I.; Parsons, Thomas D.
Sodium Amytal Testing and Language Journal Article
In: Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, vol. 11, pp. 500–503, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{troster_sodium_2006,
title = {Sodium Amytal Testing and Language},
author = {Alexander I. Tröster and Thomas D. Parsons},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Sodium%20Amytal%20Testing%20and%20Language.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics},
volume = {11},
pages = {500–503},
abstract = {The intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) was first described by Juhn Wada and thus is often referred to as the 'Wada test.' Wada originally developed this technique to study the interhemispheric spread of epileptiform discharges in patients undergoing unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Based on his observation that an expressive aphasia resulted when the language dominant hemisphere was injected with amobarbital, he reasoned that this technique might be useful in determining hemispheric language dominance in neurosurgical candidates (and thus minimize speech and language dysfunction in patients undergoing dominant hemisphere surgery).},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) was first described by Juhn Wada and thus is often referred to as the 'Wada test.' Wada originally developed this technique to study the interhemispheric spread of epileptiform discharges in patients undergoing unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Based on his observation that an expressive aphasia resulted when the language dominant hemisphere was injected with amobarbital, he reasoned that this technique might be useful in determining hemispheric language dominance in neurosurgical candidates (and thus minimize speech and language dysfunction in patients undergoing dominant hemisphere surgery).
Nelson, Nathaniel W.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Grote, Christopher L.; Smith, Clifford A.; II, James R. Sisung
The MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale: Concordance and Specificity of True and Estimated Scores Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 28, pp. 1–12, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{nelson_mmpi-2_2006,
title = {The MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale: Concordance and Specificity of True and Estimated Scores},
author = {Nathaniel W. Nelson and Thomas D. Parsons and Christopher L. Grote and Clifford A. Smith and James R. Sisung II},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20MMPI-2%20Fake%20Bad%20Scale-%20Concordance%20and%20Specificity%20of%20True%20and%20Estimated%20Scores.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/13803390490919272},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {28},
pages = {1–12},
series = {1380-339},
abstract = {A number of recent studies have supported the use of the MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale (FBS) as a measure of negative response bias, the scale at times demonstrating greater sensitivity to negative response bias than other MMPI-2 validity scales. However, clinicians may not always have access to True FBS (T-FBS) scores, such as when True-False answer sheets are unavailable or published research studies do not report FBS raw scores. Under these conditions, Larrabee (2003a) suggests a linear regression formula that provides estimated FBS (E-FBS) scores derived from weighted validity and clinical T-Scores. The present study intended to validate this regression formula of MMPI-2 E-FBS scores and demonstrate its specificity in a sample of non-litigating, clinically referred, medically intractable epilepsy patients. We predicted that the E-FBS scores would correlate highly (textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater.70) with the T-FBS scores, that the E-FBS would show comparable correlations with MMPI-2 validity and clinical scales relative to the T-FBS, and that the E-FBS would show an adequate ability to match T-FBS scores using a variety of previously suggested T-FBS raw score cutoffs. Overall, E-FBS scores correlated very highly with T-FBS scores (r = .78, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .0001), though correlations were especially high for women (r = .85, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .0001) compared to men (r = .62, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .001). Thirty-one of 32 (96.9%) comparisons made between E-FBS/T-FBS correlates with other MMPI-2 scales were nonsignificant. When matching to T-FBS "high" and "low" scores, the E-FBS scores demonstrated the highest hit rate (92.5%) through use of Lees-Haley's (1992) revised cutoffs for men and women. These same cutoffs resulted in excellent overall specificity for both the T-FBS scores (92.5%) and E-FBS scores (90.6%). The authors conclude that the E-FBS represents an adequate estimate of T-FBS scores in the current epilepsy sample. Use of E-FBS scores may be especially useful when clinicians conduct the MMPI-2 short form, which does not include all of the 43 FBS items but does include enough items to compute each of the validity and clinical T-Scores. Future studies should examine E-FBS sensitivity in compensation-seekers with incomplete effort.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A number of recent studies have supported the use of the MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale (FBS) as a measure of negative response bias, the scale at times demonstrating greater sensitivity to negative response bias than other MMPI-2 validity scales. However, clinicians may not always have access to True FBS (T-FBS) scores, such as when True-False answer sheets are unavailable or published research studies do not report FBS raw scores. Under these conditions, Larrabee (2003a) suggests a linear regression formula that provides estimated FBS (E-FBS) scores derived from weighted validity and clinical T-Scores. The present study intended to validate this regression formula of MMPI-2 E-FBS scores and demonstrate its specificity in a sample of non-litigating, clinically referred, medically intractable epilepsy patients. We predicted that the E-FBS scores would correlate highly (textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater.70) with the T-FBS scores, that the E-FBS would show comparable correlations with MMPI-2 validity and clinical scales relative to the T-FBS, and that the E-FBS would show an adequate ability to match T-FBS scores using a variety of previously suggested T-FBS raw score cutoffs. Overall, E-FBS scores correlated very highly with T-FBS scores (r = .78, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .0001), though correlations were especially high for women (r = .85, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .0001) compared to men (r = .62, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .001). Thirty-one of 32 (96.9%) comparisons made between E-FBS/T-FBS correlates with other MMPI-2 scales were nonsignificant. When matching to T-FBS "high" and "low" scores, the E-FBS scores demonstrated the highest hit rate (92.5%) through use of Lees-Haley's (1992) revised cutoffs for men and women. These same cutoffs resulted in excellent overall specificity for both the T-FBS scores (92.5%) and E-FBS scores (90.6%). The authors conclude that the E-FBS represents an adequate estimate of T-FBS scores in the current epilepsy sample. Use of E-FBS scores may be especially useful when clinicians conduct the MMPI-2 short form, which does not include all of the 43 FBS items but does include enough items to compute each of the validity and clinical T-Scores. Future studies should examine E-FBS sensitivity in compensation-seekers with incomplete effort.
Robertson, R. Kevin; Parsons, Thomas D.; Sidtis, John J.; Inman, Tina Hanlon; Robertson, Wendy T.; Hall, Colin D.; Price, Richard W.
Timed Gait Test: Normative Data for the Assessment of the AIDS Dementia Complex Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 28, pp. 1053–1064, 2006, ISSN: 1380-3395.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{robertson_timed_2006,
title = {Timed Gait Test: Normative Data for the Assessment of the AIDS Dementia Complex},
author = {R. Kevin Robertson and Thomas D. Parsons and John J. Sidtis and Tina Hanlon Inman and Wendy T. Robertson and Colin D. Hall and Richard W. Price},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Timed%20Gait%20Test-%20Normative%20Data%20for%20the%20Assessment%20of%20the%20AIDS%20Dementia%20Complex.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/13803390500205684},
issn = {1380-3395},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {28},
pages = {1053–1064},
abstract = {The Timed Gait test is a standardized procedure assessing motor dysfunction of lower extremities and gait abnormalities associated with AIDS dementia complex. Heretofore, interpretations of Timed Gait results have been hampered by the lack of normative data. We provide results on this test derived from 1,549 subjects (HIV-seronegatives (HIV-) and seropositives (HIV+) classified according to ADC stage). Timed Gait was found to be a useful screening and assessment tool for evaluating ADC and correlated with clinical ADC staging as well as more extensive structured neurological and neuropsychological evaluations. Analysis of covariance results (with age and education as covariates) revealed symptomatic HIV+(SX) and AIDS groups having significantly slower Timed Gait scores than those in the HIV– and asymptomatic HIV+(ASX) groups. The SX group obtained significantly slower timed gait scores than those in the AIDS group. There was a significant increase in Timed Gait scores with each increase in dementia staging with the HIV- subjects having the fastest mean Timed Gait scores and the HIV+ dementia stage 2+ having the slowest. These normative data should prove useful in both recognition of ADC and treatment response. Given its minimal training requirements, the Timed Gait would have utility in resource limited settings.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Timed Gait test is a standardized procedure assessing motor dysfunction of lower extremities and gait abnormalities associated with AIDS dementia complex. Heretofore, interpretations of Timed Gait results have been hampered by the lack of normative data. We provide results on this test derived from 1,549 subjects (HIV-seronegatives (HIV-) and seropositives (HIV+) classified according to ADC stage). Timed Gait was found to be a useful screening and assessment tool for evaluating ADC and correlated with clinical ADC staging as well as more extensive structured neurological and neuropsychological evaluations. Analysis of covariance results (with age and education as covariates) revealed symptomatic HIV+(SX) and AIDS groups having significantly slower Timed Gait scores than those in the HIV– and asymptomatic HIV+(ASX) groups. The SX group obtained significantly slower timed gait scores than those in the AIDS group. There was a significant increase in Timed Gait scores with each increase in dementia staging with the HIV- subjects having the fastest mean Timed Gait scores and the HIV+ dementia stage 2+ having the slowest. These normative data should prove useful in both recognition of ADC and treatment response. Given its minimal training requirements, the Timed Gait would have utility in resource limited settings.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Kratz, K. M.; Thompson, E.; Stanczyk, F. Z.; Buckwalter, John Galen
DHEA Supplementation and Cognition in Postmenopausal Women Journal Article
In: International Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 16, pp. 141–155, 2006, ISSN: 0020-7454.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{parsons_dhea_2006,
title = {DHEA Supplementation and Cognition in Postmenopausal Women},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and K. M. Kratz and E. Thompson and F. Z. Stanczyk and John Galen Buckwalter},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/DHEA%20Supplementation%20and%20Cognition%20in%20Postmenopausal%20Women.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/00207450500341506},
issn = {0020-7454},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience},
volume = {16},
pages = {141–155},
abstract = {Previous work has suggested that DHEA supplementation may have adverse cognitive effects in elderly women. This article analyzed 24-h measurements of DHEA, DHEAS, and cortisol to determine if cognitive decrease with treatment is mediated by DHEA’s impact on endogenous cortisol. It was found that DHEA administration increased cortisol at several hours during the day. In the treatment group, cortisol was positively associated with cognition at study completion. An increase in negative associations between DHEA(S) levels and cognition was found at completion. Increased cortisol does not explain the cognitive deficits associated with DHEA, suggesting a direct negative effect of exogenous DHEA on cognition.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Previous work has suggested that DHEA supplementation may have adverse cognitive effects in elderly women. This article analyzed 24-h measurements of DHEA, DHEAS, and cortisol to determine if cognitive decrease with treatment is mediated by DHEA’s impact on endogenous cortisol. It was found that DHEA administration increased cortisol at several hours during the day. In the treatment group, cortisol was positively associated with cognition at study completion. An increase in negative associations between DHEA(S) levels and cognition was found at completion. Increased cortisol does not explain the cognitive deficits associated with DHEA, suggesting a direct negative effect of exogenous DHEA on cognition.
Dillenbourg, Pierre; Traum, David
Sharing Solutions: Persistence and Grounding in Multimodal Collaborative Problem Solving Journal Article
In: The Journal of the Learning Sciences, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 121–151, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Virtual Humans
@article{dillenbourg_sharing_2006,
title = {Sharing Solutions: Persistence and Grounding in Multimodal Collaborative Problem Solving},
author = {Pierre Dillenbourg and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Sharing%20Solutions-%20Persistence%20and%20Grounding%20in%20Multimodal%20Collaborative%20Problem%20Solving.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of the Learning Sciences},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {121–151},
abstract = {This article reports on an exploratory study of the relationship between grounding and problem solving in multimodal computer-mediated collaboration. This article examines two different media, a shared whiteboard and a MOO environment that includes a text chat facility. A study was done on how the acknowledgment rate (how often partners give feedback of having perceived, understood, and accepted partner's contributions) varies according to the media and the content of interactions. It was expected that the whiteboard would serve to draw schemata that disambiguate chat utterances. Instead, results show that the whiteboard is primarily used to represent the state of problem solving and the chat is used for grounding information created on the whiteboard. These results are interpreted in terms of persistence: More persistent information is exchanged through the more persistent medium. The whiteboard was used as a shared memory rather than a grounding tool.},
keywords = {Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article reports on an exploratory study of the relationship between grounding and problem solving in multimodal computer-mediated collaboration. This article examines two different media, a shared whiteboard and a MOO environment that includes a text chat facility. A study was done on how the acknowledgment rate (how often partners give feedback of having perceived, understood, and accepted partner's contributions) varies according to the media and the content of interactions. It was expected that the whiteboard would serve to draw schemata that disambiguate chat utterances. Instead, results show that the whiteboard is primarily used to represent the state of problem solving and the chat is used for grounding information created on the whiteboard. These results are interpreted in terms of persistence: More persistent information is exchanged through the more persistent medium. The whiteboard was used as a shared memory rather than a grounding tool.
Rosenbloom, Paul
A Cognitive Odyssey: From the Power Law of Practice to a General Learning Mechanism and Beyond Journal Article
In: Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 43–51, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CogArch, Cognitive Architecture, Virtual Humans
@article{rosenbloom_cognitive_2006,
title = {A Cognitive Odyssey: From the Power Law of Practice to a General Learning Mechanism and Beyond},
author = {Paul Rosenbloom},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Cognitive%20Odyssey-%20From%20the%20Power%20Law%20of%20Practice%20to%20a%20General%20Learning%20Mechanism%20and%20Beyond.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {43–51},
abstract = {This article traces a line of research that began with the establishment of a pervasive regularity in human performance – the Power Law of Practice – and proceeded through several decades' worth of investigations that this opened up into learning and cognitive architecture. The results touch on both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence, and more specifically on the possibily of building general learning mechanisms/systems. It is a story whose final chapter is still to be written.},
keywords = {CogArch, Cognitive Architecture, Virtual Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article traces a line of research that began with the establishment of a pervasive regularity in human performance – the Power Law of Practice – and proceeded through several decades' worth of investigations that this opened up into learning and cognitive architecture. The results touch on both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence, and more specifically on the possibily of building general learning mechanisms/systems. It is a story whose final chapter is still to be written.
Feintuch, Uri; Liat, Raz; Hwang, Jane; Josman, Naomi; Katz, Noomi; Kizony, Rachel; Rand, Debbie; Rizzo, Albert; Shahar, Meir; Yongseok, Jang; Weiss, Patrice L. (Tamar)
Integrating haptic-tactile feedback into a video capture based VE for rehabilitation Journal Article
In: CyberPsychology and Behavior, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 129–132, 2006.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{feintuch_integrating_2006,
title = {Integrating haptic-tactile feedback into a video capture based VE for rehabilitation},
author = {Uri Feintuch and Raz Liat and Jane Hwang and Naomi Josman and Noomi Katz and Rachel Kizony and Debbie Rand and Albert Rizzo and Meir Shahar and Jang Yongseok and Patrice L. (Tamar) Weiss},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Integrating%20Haptic-Tactile%20Feedback%20into%20a%20Video-Capture%E2%80%93Based%20Virtual%20Environment%20for%20Rehabilitation.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {CyberPsychology and Behavior},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {129–132},
abstract = {Video-capture virtual reality (VR) systems are gaining popularity as intervention tools. Todate, these platforms offer visual and audio feedback but do not provide haptic feedback. Wecontend that adding haptic feedback may enhance the quality of intervention for various theoretical and empirical reasons. This study aims to integrate haptic-tactile feedback into avideo capture system (GX VR), which is currently applied for rehabilitation. The proposedmulti-modal system can deliver audio-visual as well as vibrotactile feedback. The latter isprovided via small vibratory discs attached to the patient's limbs. This paper describes thesystem, the guidelines of its design, and the ongoing usability study.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Video-capture virtual reality (VR) systems are gaining popularity as intervention tools. Todate, these platforms offer visual and audio feedback but do not provide haptic feedback. Wecontend that adding haptic feedback may enhance the quality of intervention for various theoretical and empirical reasons. This study aims to integrate haptic-tactile feedback into avideo capture system (GX VR), which is currently applied for rehabilitation. The proposedmulti-modal system can deliver audio-visual as well as vibrotactile feedback. The latter isprovided via small vibratory discs attached to the patient's limbs. This paper describes thesystem, the guidelines of its design, and the ongoing usability study.
Robertson, R. Kevin; Parsons, Thomas D.; Horst, Charles; Hall, Colin D.
Thoughts of death and suicidal ideation in nonpsychiatric human immunodeficiency virus seropositive individuals Journal Article
In: Death Studies, vol. 30, pp. 455–469, 2006, ISSN: 0748-1187.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{robertson_thoughts_2006,
title = {Thoughts of death and suicidal ideation in nonpsychiatric human immunodeficiency virus seropositive individuals},
author = {R. Kevin Robertson and Thomas D. Parsons and Charles Horst and Colin D. Hall},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/THOUGHTS%20OF%20DEATH%20AND%20SUICIDAL%20IDEATION%20IN%20NONPSYCHIATRIC%20HUMAN%20IMMUNODEFICIENCY%20VIRUS%20SEROPOSITIVE%20INDIVIDUALS.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/07481180600614435},
issn = {0748-1187},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Death Studies},
volume = {30},
pages = {455–469},
abstract = {The present study examines the prevalence of death thoughts and suicidality in HIV infection. Subjects (n = 246) were examined for psychiatric morbidity and suicidality. Compared to high risk HIV seronegatives, HIV seropositives (HIV•) had significantly increased frequency and severity of both suicidal ideation and death thoughts. Two-thirds of seropositives had suicidal ideation at some point; half of the seropositives reported suicide plans and one quarter suicide attempts; and third of seropositives reported current suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation did not increase with advancing disease. The high prevalence of suicidal ideation suggests inclusion of its assessment in HIV treatment regardless of stage.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present study examines the prevalence of death thoughts and suicidality in HIV infection. Subjects (n = 246) were examined for psychiatric morbidity and suicidality. Compared to high risk HIV seronegatives, HIV seropositives (HIV•) had significantly increased frequency and severity of both suicidal ideation and death thoughts. Two-thirds of seropositives had suicidal ideation at some point; half of the seropositives reported suicide plans and one quarter suicide attempts; and third of seropositives reported current suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation did not increase with advancing disease. The high prevalence of suicidal ideation suggests inclusion of its assessment in HIV treatment regardless of stage.
Woods, Steven Paul; Rippeth, Julie D.; Conover, Emily; Carey, Catherine L.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Tröster, Alexander I.
Statistical Power of Studies Examining the Cognitive Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease Journal Article
In: The Clinical Neuropsychologist, vol. 20, pp. 27–38, 2006, ISSN: 1385-4046.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: MedVR
@article{woods_statistical_2006,
title = {Statistical Power of Studies Examining the Cognitive Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease},
author = {Steven Paul Woods and Julie D. Rippeth and Emily Conover and Catherine L. Carey and Thomas D. Parsons and Alexander I. Tröster},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/STATISTICAL%20POWER%20OF%20STUDIES%20EXAMINING%20THE%20COGNITIVE%20EFFECTS%20OF%20SUBTHALAMIC%20NUCLEUS%20DEEP%20BRAIN%20STIMULATION%20IN%20PARKINSON%E2%80%99S%20DISEASE.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/13854040500203290},
issn = {1385-4046},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {The Clinical Neuropsychologist},
volume = {20},
pages = {27–38},
abstract = {It has been argued that neuropsychological studies generally possess adequate statistical power to detect large effect sizes. However, low statistical power is problematic in neuropsychological research involving clinical populations and novel interventions for which available sample sizes are often limited. One notable example of this problem is evident in the literature regarding the cognitive sequelae of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). In the current review, a post hoc estimate of the statistical power of 30 studies examining cognitive effects of STN DBS in PD revealed adequate power to detect substantial cognitive declines (i.e., very large effect sizes), but surprisingly low estimated power to detect cognitive changes associated with conventionally small, medium, and large effect sizes. Such wide spread Type II error risk in the STN DBS cognitive outcomes literature may affect the clinical decision-making process as concerns the possible risk of postsurgical cognitive morbidity, as well as conceptual inferences to be drawn regarding the role of the STN in higher-level cognitive functions. Statistical and methodological recommendations (e.g., meta-analysis) are offered to enhance the power of current and future studies examining the neuropsychological sequelae of STN DBS in PD.},
keywords = {MedVR},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It has been argued that neuropsychological studies generally possess adequate statistical power to detect large effect sizes. However, low statistical power is problematic in neuropsychological research involving clinical populations and novel interventions for which available sample sizes are often limited. One notable example of this problem is evident in the literature regarding the cognitive sequelae of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). In the current review, a post hoc estimate of the statistical power of 30 studies examining cognitive effects of STN DBS in PD revealed adequate power to detect substantial cognitive declines (i.e., very large effect sizes), but surprisingly low estimated power to detect cognitive changes associated with conventionally small, medium, and large effect sizes. Such wide spread Type II error risk in the STN DBS cognitive outcomes literature may affect the clinical decision-making process as concerns the possible risk of postsurgical cognitive morbidity, as well as conceptual inferences to be drawn regarding the role of the STN in higher-level cognitive functions. Statistical and methodological recommendations (e.g., meta-analysis) are offered to enhance the power of current and future studies examining the neuropsychological sequelae of STN DBS in PD.