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481.
Kommers, Cody; Ustun, Volkan; Demski, Abram; Rosenbloom, Paul
Hierarchical Reasoning with Distributed Vector Representations Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of 37th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Cognitive Science Society, Pasadena, CA, 2015.
@inproceedings{kommers_hierarchical_2015,
title = {Hierarchical Reasoning with Distributed Vector Representations},
author = {Cody Kommers and Volkan Ustun and Abram Demski and Paul Rosenbloom},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Hierarchical%20Reasoning%20with%20Distributed%20Vector%20Representations.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of 37th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society},
publisher = {Cognitive Science Society},
address = {Pasadena, CA},
abstract = {We demonstrate that distributed vector representations are capable of hierarchical reasoning by summing sets of vectors representing hyponyms (subordinate concepts) to yield a vector that resembles the associated hypernym (superordinate concept). These distributed vector representations constitute a potentially neurally plausible model while demonstrating a high level of performance in many different cognitive tasks. Experiments were run using DVRS, a word embedding system designed for the Sigma cognitive architecture, and Word2Vec, a state-of-the-art word embedding system. These results contribute to a growing body of work demonstrating the various tasks on which distributed vector representations perform competently.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We demonstrate that distributed vector representations are capable of hierarchical reasoning by summing sets of vectors representing hyponyms (subordinate concepts) to yield a vector that resembles the associated hypernym (superordinate concept). These distributed vector representations constitute a potentially neurally plausible model while demonstrating a high level of performance in many different cognitive tasks. Experiments were run using DVRS, a word embedding system designed for the Sigma cognitive architecture, and Word2Vec, a state-of-the-art word embedding system. These results contribute to a growing body of work demonstrating the various tasks on which distributed vector representations perform competently.
482.
Demski, Abram
Expression Graphs Unifying Factor Graphs and Sum-Product Networks Proceedings Article
In: Artificial General Intelligence, pp. 241–250, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2015.
@inproceedings{demski_expression_2015,
title = {Expression Graphs Unifying Factor Graphs and Sum-Product Networks},
author = {Abram Demski},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Expression%20Graphs%20Unifying%20Factor%20Graphs%20and%20Sum-Product%20Networks.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-01},
booktitle = {Artificial General Intelligence},
pages = {241–250},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
abstract = {Factor graphs are a very general knowledge representation, subsuming many existing formalisms in AI. Sum-product networks are a more recent representation, inspired by studying cases where factor graphs are tractable. Factor graphs emphasize expressive power, while sum-product networks restrict expressiveness to get strong guarantees on speed of inference. A sum-product network is not simply a restricted factor graph, however. Although the inference algorithms for the two structures are very similar, translating a sum-product network into factor graph representation can result in an exponential slowdown. We propose a formalism which generalizes factor graphs and sum-product networks, such that inference is fast in cases whose structure is close to a sum-product network.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Factor graphs are a very general knowledge representation, subsuming many existing formalisms in AI. Sum-product networks are a more recent representation, inspired by studying cases where factor graphs are tractable. Factor graphs emphasize expressive power, while sum-product networks restrict expressiveness to get strong guarantees on speed of inference. A sum-product network is not simply a restricted factor graph, however. Although the inference algorithms for the two structures are very similar, translating a sum-product network into factor graph representation can result in an exponential slowdown. We propose a formalism which generalizes factor graphs and sum-product networks, such that inference is fast in cases whose structure is close to a sum-product network.
483.
Nagano, Koki; Fyffe, Graham; Alexander, Oleg; Barbiç, Jernej; Li, Hao; Ghosh, Abhijeet; Debevec, Paul
Skin Microstructure Deformation with Displacement Map Convolution Journal Article
In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1–10, 2015, ISSN: 07300301.
@article{nagano_skin_2015-1,
title = {Skin Microstructure Deformation with Displacement Map Convolution},
author = {Koki Nagano and Graham Fyffe and Oleg Alexander and Jernej Barbiç and Hao Li and Abhijeet Ghosh and Paul Debevec},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Skin%20Microstructure%20Deformation%20with%20Displacement%20Map%20Convolution.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/2766894},
issn = {07300301},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-01},
journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {1–10},
abstract = {We present a technique for synthesizing the effects of skin microstructure deformation by anisotropically convolving a high-resolution displacement map to match normal distribution changes in measured skin samples. We use a 10-micron resolution scanning technique to measure several in vivo skin samples as they are stretched and compressed in different directions, quantifying how stretching smooths the skin and compression makes it rougher. We tabulate the resulting surface normal distributions, and show that convolving a neutral skin microstructure displacement map with blurring and sharpening filters can mimic normal distribution changes and microstructure deformations. We implement the spatially-varying displacement map filtering on the GPU to interactively render the effects of dynamic microgeometry on animated faces obtained from high-resolution facial scans.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present a technique for synthesizing the effects of skin microstructure deformation by anisotropically convolving a high-resolution displacement map to match normal distribution changes in measured skin samples. We use a 10-micron resolution scanning technique to measure several in vivo skin samples as they are stretched and compressed in different directions, quantifying how stretching smooths the skin and compression makes it rougher. We tabulate the resulting surface normal distributions, and show that convolving a neutral skin microstructure displacement map with blurring and sharpening filters can mimic normal distribution changes and microstructure deformations. We implement the spatially-varying displacement map filtering on the GPU to interactively render the effects of dynamic microgeometry on animated faces obtained from high-resolution facial scans.
484.
Nouri, Elnaz; Traum, David
Cross cultural report of values and decisions in the multi round ultimatum game and the centipede game Proceedings Article
In: Proceeding of AHFE 2015, Las Vegas, NV, 2015.
@inproceedings{nouri_cross_2015,
title = {Cross cultural report of values and decisions in the multi round ultimatum game and the centipede game},
author = {Elnaz Nouri and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Cross%20cultural%20report%20of%20values%20and%20decisions%20in%20the%20multi%20round%20ultimatum%20game%20and%20the%20centipede%20game.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-01},
booktitle = {Proceeding of AHFE 2015},
address = {Las Vegas, NV},
abstract = {This paper investigates the cultural differences in decision making behavior of people from the US and India. We study players from these cultures playing the Multi Round Ultimatum Game and the Centipede Game online. In order to study how people from different cultures evaluate decisions we use criteria from the Multi Attribute Relational Values (MARV) survey. Our results confirm the existence of cultural differences in how people from US and India make decisions in the Ultimatum and Centipede games. We also observe differences in responses to survey questions implying differences in the amount of importance that the two cultures assign to the MARV decision making criteria.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper investigates the cultural differences in decision making behavior of people from the US and India. We study players from these cultures playing the Multi Round Ultimatum Game and the Centipede Game online. In order to study how people from different cultures evaluate decisions we use criteria from the Multi Attribute Relational Values (MARV) survey. Our results confirm the existence of cultural differences in how people from US and India make decisions in the Ultimatum and Centipede games. We also observe differences in responses to survey questions implying differences in the amount of importance that the two cultures assign to the MARV decision making criteria.
485.
Rosenbloom, Paul S.; Gratch, Jonathan; Ustun, Volkan
Towards Emotion in Sigma: From Appraisal to Attention Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of AGI 2015, pp. 142 – 151, Springer International Publishing, Berlin, Germany, 2015.
@inproceedings{rosenbloom_towards_2015,
title = {Towards Emotion in Sigma: From Appraisal to Attention},
author = {Paul S. Rosenbloom and Jonathan Gratch and Volkan Ustun},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Towards%20Emotion%20in%20Sigma%20-%20From%20Appraisal%20to%20Attention.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of AGI 2015},
volume = {9205},
pages = {142 – 151},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
address = {Berlin, Germany},
abstract = {A first step is taken towards incorporating emotional processing into Sigma, a cognitive architecture that is grounded in graphical models, with the addition of appraisal variables for expectedness and desirability plus their initial implications for attention at two levels of the control hierarchy. The results leverage many of Sigma's existing capabilities but with a few key additions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A first step is taken towards incorporating emotional processing into Sigma, a cognitive architecture that is grounded in graphical models, with the addition of appraisal variables for expectedness and desirability plus their initial implications for attention at two levels of the control hierarchy. The results leverage many of Sigma's existing capabilities but with a few key additions.
486.
Scherer, Stefan; Lucas, Gale; Gratch, Jonathan; Rizzo, Albert; Morency, Louis-Philippe
Self-reported symptoms of depression and PTSD are associated with reduced vowel space in screening interviews Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing (in press; doi: 10.1109/TAFFC.2015.2440264), no. 99, 2015, ISSN: 1949-3045.
@article{scherer_self-reported_2015,
title = {Self-reported symptoms of depression and PTSD are associated with reduced vowel space in screening interviews},
author = {Stefan Scherer and Gale Lucas and Jonathan Gratch and Albert Rizzo and Louis-Philippe Morency},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Self-reported%20symptoms%20of%20depression%20and%20PTSD%20are%20associated%20with%20reduced%20vowel%20space%20in%20screening%20interviews.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/TAFFC.2015.2440264},
issn = {1949-3045},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing (in press; doi: 10.1109/TAFFC.2015.2440264)},
number = {99},
abstract = {Reduced frequency range in vowel production is a well documented speech characteristic of individuals with psychological and neurological disorders. Affective disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are known to influence motor control and in particular speech production. The assessment and documentation of reduced vowel space and reduced expressivity often either rely on subjective assessments or on analysis of speech under constrained laboratory conditions (e.g. sustained vowel production, reading tasks). These constraints render the analysis of such measures expensive and impractical. Within this work, we investigate an automatic unsupervised machine learning based approach to assess a speaker’s vowel space. Our experiments are based on recordings of 253 individuals. Symptoms of depression and PTSD are assessed using standard self-assessment questionnaires and their cut-off scores. The experiments show a significantly reduced vowel space in subjects that scored positively on the questionnaires. We show the measure’s statistical robustness against varying demographics of individuals and articulation rate. The reduced vowel space for subjects with symptoms of depression can be explained by the common condition of psychomotor retardation influencing articulation and motor control. These findings could potentially support treatment of affective disorders, like depression and PTSD in the future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Reduced frequency range in vowel production is a well documented speech characteristic of individuals with psychological and neurological disorders. Affective disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are known to influence motor control and in particular speech production. The assessment and documentation of reduced vowel space and reduced expressivity often either rely on subjective assessments or on analysis of speech under constrained laboratory conditions (e.g. sustained vowel production, reading tasks). These constraints render the analysis of such measures expensive and impractical. Within this work, we investigate an automatic unsupervised machine learning based approach to assess a speaker’s vowel space. Our experiments are based on recordings of 253 individuals. Symptoms of depression and PTSD are assessed using standard self-assessment questionnaires and their cut-off scores. The experiments show a significantly reduced vowel space in subjects that scored positively on the questionnaires. We show the measure’s statistical robustness against varying demographics of individuals and articulation rate. The reduced vowel space for subjects with symptoms of depression can be explained by the common condition of psychomotor retardation influencing articulation and motor control. These findings could potentially support treatment of affective disorders, like depression and PTSD in the future.
487.
Lane, H. Chad; Core, Mark G.; Goldberg, Benjamin S.
Lowering the Technical Skill Requirements for Building Intelligent Tutors: A Review of Authoring Tools Book Section
In: Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, vol. 3, pp. 303 – 318, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2015.
@incollection{lane_lowering_2015,
title = {Lowering the Technical Skill Requirements for Building Intelligent Tutors: A Review of Authoring Tools},
author = {H. Chad Lane and Mark G. Core and Benjamin S. Goldberg},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Lowering%20the%20Technical%20Skill%20Requirements%20for%20Building%20Intelligent%20Tutors-A%20Review%20of%20Authoring%20Tools.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
booktitle = {Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems},
volume = {3},
pages = {303 – 318},
publisher = {U.S. Army Research Laboratory},
abstract = {In this chapter, we focus on intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs), an instance of educational technology that is often criticized for not reaching its full potential (Nye, 2013). Researchers have debated why, given such strong empirical evidence in their favor (Anderson, Corbett, Koedinger & Pelletier, 1995; D’Mello & Graesser, 2012; VanLehn et al., 2005; Woolf, 2009), intelligent tutors are not in every classroom, on every device, providing educators with fine-grained assessment information about their students. Although many factors contribute to a lack of adoption (Nye, 2014), one widely agreed upon reason behind slow adoption and poor scalability of ITSs is that the engineering demands are simply too great. This is no surprise given that the effectiveness of ITSs is often attributable to the use of rich knowledge representations and cognitively plausible models of domain knowledge (Mark & Greer, 1995; Valerie J. Shute & Psotka, 1996; VanLehn, 2006; Woolf, 2009), which are inherently burdensome to build. To put it another way: the features that tend to make ITSs effective are also the hardest to build. The heavy reliance on cognitive scientists and artificial intelligence (AI) software engineers seems to be a bottleneck.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
In this chapter, we focus on intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs), an instance of educational technology that is often criticized for not reaching its full potential (Nye, 2013). Researchers have debated why, given such strong empirical evidence in their favor (Anderson, Corbett, Koedinger & Pelletier, 1995; D’Mello & Graesser, 2012; VanLehn et al., 2005; Woolf, 2009), intelligent tutors are not in every classroom, on every device, providing educators with fine-grained assessment information about their students. Although many factors contribute to a lack of adoption (Nye, 2014), one widely agreed upon reason behind slow adoption and poor scalability of ITSs is that the engineering demands are simply too great. This is no surprise given that the effectiveness of ITSs is often attributable to the use of rich knowledge representations and cognitively plausible models of domain knowledge (Mark & Greer, 1995; Valerie J. Shute & Psotka, 1996; VanLehn, 2006; Woolf, 2009), which are inherently burdensome to build. To put it another way: the features that tend to make ITSs effective are also the hardest to build. The heavy reliance on cognitive scientists and artificial intelligence (AI) software engineers seems to be a bottleneck.
488.
Lane, H. Chad; Core, Mark G.; Hays, Matthew J.; Auerbach, Daniel; Rosenberg, Milton
Situated Pedagogical Authoring: Authoring Intelligent Tutors from a Student’s Perspective Proceedings Article
In: Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 195–204, Springer International Publishing, Madrid, Spain, 2015, ISBN: 978-3-319-19772-2 978-3-319-19773-9.
@inproceedings{chad_lane_situated_2015,
title = {Situated Pedagogical Authoring: Authoring Intelligent Tutors from a Student’s Perspective},
author = {H. Chad Lane and Mark G. Core and Matthew J. Hays and Daniel Auerbach and Milton Rosenberg},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Situated%20Pedagogical%20Authoring-Authoring%20Intelligent.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-319-19772-2 978-3-319-19773-9},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence in Education},
volume = {9112},
pages = {195–204},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
address = {Madrid, Spain},
abstract = {We describe the Situated Pedagogical Authoring (SitPed) system that seeks to allow non-technical authors to create ITS content for soft-skills training, such as counseling skills. SitPed is built on the assertion that authoring tools should use the learner’s perspective to the greatest extent possible. SitPed provides tools for creating tasks lists, authoring assessment knowledge, and creating tutor messages. We present preliminary findings of a two-phase study comparing authoring in SitPed to an ablated version of the same system and a spreadsheet-based control. Findings suggest modest advantages for SitPed in terms of the quality of the authored content and student learning.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We describe the Situated Pedagogical Authoring (SitPed) system that seeks to allow non-technical authors to create ITS content for soft-skills training, such as counseling skills. SitPed is built on the assertion that authoring tools should use the learner’s perspective to the greatest extent possible. SitPed provides tools for creating tasks lists, authoring assessment knowledge, and creating tutor messages. We present preliminary findings of a two-phase study comparing authoring in SitPed to an ablated version of the same system and a spreadsheet-based control. Findings suggest modest advantages for SitPed in terms of the quality of the authored content and student learning.
489.
Wienberg, Christopher; Gordon, Andrew S.
Insights on Privacy and Ethics from the Web’s Most Prolific Storytellers Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of WebSci15, pp. 1 –10, ACM, Oxford, UK, 2015.
@inproceedings{wienberg_insights_2015,
title = {Insights on Privacy and Ethics from the Web’s Most Prolific Storytellers},
author = {Christopher Wienberg and Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Insights%20on%20Privacy%20and%20Ethics%20from%20the%20Web's%20Most%20Prolific%20Storytellers.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of WebSci15},
pages = {1 –10},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Oxford, UK},
abstract = {An analysis of narratives in English-language weblogs reveals a unique population of individuals who post personal stories with extraordinarily high frequency over extremely long periods of time. This population includes people who have posted personal narratives everyday for more than eight years. In this paper we describe our investigation of this interesting subset of web users, where we conducted ethnographic, face-to-face interviews with a sample of these bloggers (n = 11). Our ndings shed light on a culture of public documentation of private life, and provide insight into these bloggers' motivations, interactions with their readers, honesty, and thoughts on research that utilizes their data. We discuss the ethical implications for researchers working with web data, and speak to the relationship between large datasets and the real people behind them.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
An analysis of narratives in English-language weblogs reveals a unique population of individuals who post personal stories with extraordinarily high frequency over extremely long periods of time. This population includes people who have posted personal narratives everyday for more than eight years. In this paper we describe our investigation of this interesting subset of web users, where we conducted ethnographic, face-to-face interviews with a sample of these bloggers (n = 11). Our ndings shed light on a culture of public documentation of private life, and provide insight into these bloggers' motivations, interactions with their readers, honesty, and thoughts on research that utilizes their data. We discuss the ethical implications for researchers working with web data, and speak to the relationship between large datasets and the real people behind them.
490.
Garten, Justin; Sagae, Kenji; Ustun, Volkan; Dehghani, Morteza
Combining Distributed Vector Representations for Words Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2015, pp. 95–101, Association for Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, 2015.
@inproceedings{garten_combining_2015,
title = {Combining Distributed Vector Representations for Words},
author = {Justin Garten and Kenji Sagae and Volkan Ustun and Morteza Dehghani},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Combining%20Distributed%20Vector%20Representations%20for%20Words.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2015},
pages = {95–101},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
address = {Denver, Colorado},
abstract = {Recent interest in distributed vector representations for words has resulted in an increased diversity of approaches, each with strengths and weaknesses. We demonstrate how diverse vector representations may be inexpensively composed into hybrid representations, effectively leveraging strengths of individual components, as evidenced by substantial improvements on a standard word analogy task. We further compare these results over different sizes of training sets and find these advantages are more pronounced when training data is limited. Finally, we explore the relative impacts of the differences in the learning methods themselves and the size of the contexts they access.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Recent interest in distributed vector representations for words has resulted in an increased diversity of approaches, each with strengths and weaknesses. We demonstrate how diverse vector representations may be inexpensively composed into hybrid representations, effectively leveraging strengths of individual components, as evidenced by substantial improvements on a standard word analogy task. We further compare these results over different sizes of training sets and find these advantages are more pronounced when training data is limited. Finally, we explore the relative impacts of the differences in the learning methods themselves and the size of the contexts they access.
491.
Chatterjee, Moitreya; Leuski, Anton
CRMActive: An Active Learning Based Approach for Effective Video Annotation and Retrieval Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR), pp. 535–538, ACM, Shanghai, China, 2015.
@inproceedings{chatterjee_crmactive_2015,
title = {CRMActive: An Active Learning Based Approach for Effective Video Annotation and Retrieval},
author = {Moitreya Chatterjee and Anton Leuski},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/CRMActive%20-%20An%20Active%20Learning%20Based%20Approach%20for%20Effective%20Video%20Annotation%20and%20Retrieval.pdf},
doi = {10.1145/2671188.2749342},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR)},
pages = {535–538},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Shanghai, China},
abstract = {Conventional multimedia annotation/retrieval systems such as Normalized Continuous Relevance Model (NormCRM) [7]require a fully labeled training data for a good performance. Active Learning, by determining an order for labeling the training data, allows for a good performance even before the training data is fully annotated. In this work we propose an active learning algorithm, which combines a novel measure of sample uncertainty with a novel clustering-based approach for determining sample density and diversity and integrate it with NormCRM. The clusters are also iteratively re⬚ned to ensure both feature and label-level agreement among samples. We show that our approach outperforms multiple baselines both on a new, open dataset and on the popular TRECVID corpus at both the tasks of annotation and text-based retrieval of videos.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Conventional multimedia annotation/retrieval systems such as Normalized Continuous Relevance Model (NormCRM) [7]require a fully labeled training data for a good performance. Active Learning, by determining an order for labeling the training data, allows for a good performance even before the training data is fully annotated. In this work we propose an active learning algorithm, which combines a novel measure of sample uncertainty with a novel clustering-based approach for determining sample density and diversity and integrate it with NormCRM. The clusters are also iteratively re⬚ned to ensure both feature and label-level agreement among samples. We show that our approach outperforms multiple baselines both on a new, open dataset and on the popular TRECVID corpus at both the tasks of annotation and text-based retrieval of videos.
492.
Artstein, Ron; Leuski, Anton; Maio, Heather; Mor-Barak, Tomer; Gordon, Carla; Traum, David
How Many Utterances Are Needed to Support Time-Offset Interaction? Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of FLAIRS 28, pp. 144–149, AAAI Press, Hollywood, FL, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-57735-730-8.
@inproceedings{artstein_how_2015,
title = {How Many Utterances Are Needed to Support Time-Offset Interaction?},
author = {Ron Artstein and Anton Leuski and Heather Maio and Tomer Mor-Barak and Carla Gordon and David Traum},
url = {http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/FLAIRS/FLAIRS15/paper/view/10442},
isbn = {978-1-57735-730-8},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of FLAIRS 28},
pages = {144–149},
publisher = {AAAI Press},
address = {Hollywood, FL},
abstract = {A set of several hundred recorded statements by a single speaker is sufficient to address unrestricted questions and sustain short conversations on a circumscribed topic. Statements were recorded by Pinchas Gutter, a Holocaust survivor, talking about his personal experiences before, during and after the Holocaust. These statements were delivered to participants in conversation, using a “Wizard of Oz” system, where live operators select an appropriate reaction to each user utterance in real time. Even though participants were completely unconstrained in the questions they could ask, the recorded statements were able to directly address at least 58% of user questions. The unanswered questions were then analyzed to identify gaps, and additional statements were recorded to fill the gaps. The statements will be put in an automated system using existing language understanding technology, to create the first full working system of time-offset interaction, allowing a live conversation with a real human who is not present for the conversation in real time.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A set of several hundred recorded statements by a single speaker is sufficient to address unrestricted questions and sustain short conversations on a circumscribed topic. Statements were recorded by Pinchas Gutter, a Holocaust survivor, talking about his personal experiences before, during and after the Holocaust. These statements were delivered to participants in conversation, using a “Wizard of Oz” system, where live operators select an appropriate reaction to each user utterance in real time. Even though participants were completely unconstrained in the questions they could ask, the recorded statements were able to directly address at least 58% of user questions. The unanswered questions were then analyzed to identify gaps, and additional statements were recorded to fill the gaps. The statements will be put in an automated system using existing language understanding technology, to create the first full working system of time-offset interaction, allowing a live conversation with a real human who is not present for the conversation in real time.
493.
Mell, Johnathan; Lucas, Gale; Gratch, Jonathan
An Effective Conversation Tactic for Creating Value over Repeated Negotiations Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 1567–1576, International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Istanbul, Turkey, 2015.
@inproceedings{mell_effective_2015,
title = {An Effective Conversation Tactic for Creating Value over Repeated Negotiations},
author = {Johnathan Mell and Gale Lucas and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/An%20Effective%20Conversation%20Tactic%20for%20Creating%20Value%20over%20Repeated%20Negotiations.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},
pages = {1567–1576},
publisher = {International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},
address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
abstract = {Automated negotiation research focuses on getting the most value from a single negotiation, yet real-world settings often involve repeated serial negotiations between the same parties. Repeated negotiations are interesting because they allow the discovery of mutually beneficial solutions that don’t exist within the confines of a single negotiation. This paper introduces the notion of Pareto efficiency over time to formalize this notion of value-creation through repeated interactions. We review literature from human negotiation research and identify a dialog strategy, favors and ledgers, that facilitates this process. As part of a longer-term effort to build intelligent virtual humans that can train human negotiators, we create a conversational agent that instantiates this strategy, and assess its effectiveness with human users, using the established Colored Trails negotiation testbed. In an empirical study involving a series of repeated negotiations, we show that humans are more likely to discover Pareto optimal solutions overtime when matched with our favor-seeking agent. Further, an agent that asks for favors during early negotiations, regardless of whether these favors are ever repaid, leads participants to discover more joint value in later negotiations, even under the traditional definition of Pareto optimality within a single negotiation. Further, agents that match their words with deeds (repay their favors) create the most value for themselves. We discuss the implications of these findings for agents that engage in long-term interactions with human users.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Automated negotiation research focuses on getting the most value from a single negotiation, yet real-world settings often involve repeated serial negotiations between the same parties. Repeated negotiations are interesting because they allow the discovery of mutually beneficial solutions that don’t exist within the confines of a single negotiation. This paper introduces the notion of Pareto efficiency over time to formalize this notion of value-creation through repeated interactions. We review literature from human negotiation research and identify a dialog strategy, favors and ledgers, that facilitates this process. As part of a longer-term effort to build intelligent virtual humans that can train human negotiators, we create a conversational agent that instantiates this strategy, and assess its effectiveness with human users, using the established Colored Trails negotiation testbed. In an empirical study involving a series of repeated negotiations, we show that humans are more likely to discover Pareto optimal solutions overtime when matched with our favor-seeking agent. Further, an agent that asks for favors during early negotiations, regardless of whether these favors are ever repaid, leads participants to discover more joint value in later negotiations, even under the traditional definition of Pareto optimality within a single negotiation. Further, agents that match their words with deeds (repay their favors) create the most value for themselves. We discuss the implications of these findings for agents that engage in long-term interactions with human users.
494.
Saito, Shunsuke; Huang, Zeng; Natsume, Ryota; Morishima, Shigeo; Kanazawa, Angjoo; Li, Hao
PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitization Journal Article
In: arXiv:1905.05172 [cs], 2015.
@article{saito_pifu_2015,
title = {PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitization},
author = {Shunsuke Saito and Zeng Huang and Ryota Natsume and Shigeo Morishima and Angjoo Kanazawa and Hao Li},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05172},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-05-01},
journal = {arXiv:1905.05172 [cs]},
abstract = {We introduce Pixel-aligned Implicit Function (PIFu), a highly effective implicit representation that locally aligns pixels of 2D images with the global context of their corresponding 3D object. Using PIFu, we propose an end-to-end deep learning method for digitizing highly detailed clothed humans that can infer both 3D surface and texture from a single image, and optionally, multiple input images. Highly intricate shapes, such as hairstyles, clothing, as well as their variations and deformations can be digitized in a unified way. Compared to existing representations used for 3D deep learning, PIFu can produce high-resolution surfaces including largely unseen regions such as the back of a person. In particular, it is memory efficient unlike the voxel representation, can handle arbitrary topology, and the resulting surface is spatially aligned with the input image. Furthermore, while previous techniques are designed to process either a single image or multiple views, PIFu extends naturally to arbitrary number of views. We demonstrate high-resolution and robust reconstructions on real world images from the DeepFashion dataset, which contains a variety of challenging clothing types. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on a public benchmark and outperforms the prior work for clothed human digitization from a single image.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We introduce Pixel-aligned Implicit Function (PIFu), a highly effective implicit representation that locally aligns pixels of 2D images with the global context of their corresponding 3D object. Using PIFu, we propose an end-to-end deep learning method for digitizing highly detailed clothed humans that can infer both 3D surface and texture from a single image, and optionally, multiple input images. Highly intricate shapes, such as hairstyles, clothing, as well as their variations and deformations can be digitized in a unified way. Compared to existing representations used for 3D deep learning, PIFu can produce high-resolution surfaces including largely unseen regions such as the back of a person. In particular, it is memory efficient unlike the voxel representation, can handle arbitrary topology, and the resulting surface is spatially aligned with the input image. Furthermore, while previous techniques are designed to process either a single image or multiple views, PIFu extends naturally to arbitrary number of views. We demonstrate high-resolution and robust reconstructions on real world images from the DeepFashion dataset, which contains a variety of challenging clothing types. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on a public benchmark and outperforms the prior work for clothed human digitization from a single image.
495.
Shim, Han Suk; Park, Sunghyun; Chatterjee, Moitreya; Scherer, Stefan; Sagae, Kenji; Morency, Louis-Philippe
ACOUSTIC AND PARA-VERBAL INDICATORS OF PERSUASIVENESS IN SOCIAL MULTIMEDIA Proceedings Article
In: Proceeding of ICASSP 2015, pp. 2239 – 2243, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, 2015.
@inproceedings{shim_acoustic_2015,
title = {ACOUSTIC AND PARA-VERBAL INDICATORS OF PERSUASIVENESS IN SOCIAL MULTIMEDIA},
author = {Han Suk Shim and Sunghyun Park and Moitreya Chatterjee and Stefan Scherer and Kenji Sagae and Louis-Philippe Morency},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/ACOUSTIC%20AND%20PARA-VERBAL%20INDICATORS%20OF%20PERSUASIVENESS%20IN%20SOCIAL%20MULTIMEDIA.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
booktitle = {Proceeding of ICASSP 2015},
pages = {2239 – 2243},
publisher = {IEEE},
address = {Brisbane, Australia},
abstract = {Persuasive communication and interaction play an important and pervasive role in many aspects of our lives. With the rapid growth of social multimedia websites such as YouTube, it has become more important and useful to understand persuasiveness in the context of online social multimedia content. In this paper, we present our resultsof conducting various analyses of persuasiveness in speech with our multimedia corpus of 1,000 movie review videos obtained from ExpoTV.com, a popular social multimedia website. Our experiments firstly show that a speaker’s level of persuasiveness can be predicted from acoustic characteristics and para-verbal cues related to speech fluency. Secondly, we show that taking acoustic cues in different time periods of a movie review can improve the performance of predicting a speaker’s level of persuasiveness. Lastly, we show that a speaker’s positive or negative attitude toward a topic influences the prediction performance as well.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Persuasive communication and interaction play an important and pervasive role in many aspects of our lives. With the rapid growth of social multimedia websites such as YouTube, it has become more important and useful to understand persuasiveness in the context of online social multimedia content. In this paper, we present our resultsof conducting various analyses of persuasiveness in speech with our multimedia corpus of 1,000 movie review videos obtained from ExpoTV.com, a popular social multimedia website. Our experiments firstly show that a speaker’s level of persuasiveness can be predicted from acoustic characteristics and para-verbal cues related to speech fluency. Secondly, we show that taking acoustic cues in different time periods of a movie review can improve the performance of predicting a speaker’s level of persuasiveness. Lastly, we show that a speaker’s positive or negative attitude toward a topic influences the prediction performance as well.
496.
Fyffe, Graham; Debevec, Paul
Single-Shot Reflectance Measurement from Polarized Color Gradient Illumination Proceedings Article
In: Preceedings of ICCP 2015, pp. 1–10, IEEE, Houston, Texas, 2015.
@inproceedings{fyffe_single-shot_2015,
title = {Single-Shot Reflectance Measurement from Polarized Color Gradient Illumination},
author = {Graham Fyffe and Paul Debevec},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Single-Shot%20Reflectance%20Measurement%20from%20Polarized%20Color%20Gradient%20Illumination.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
booktitle = {Preceedings of ICCP 2015},
pages = {1–10},
publisher = {IEEE},
address = {Houston, Texas},
abstract = {We present a method for acquiring the per-pixel diffuse albedo, specular albedo, and surface normal maps of a subject at a single instant in time. The method is single shot, requiring no optical flow, and per-pixel, making no assumptions regarding albedo statistics or surface connectivity. We photograph the subject inside a spherical illumination device emitting a static lighting pattern of vertically polarized RGB color gradients aligned with the XYZ axes, and horizontally polarized RGB color gradients in versely aligned with the XYZ axes. We capture simultaneous photographs using one of two possible setups: a single view setup using a coaxially aligned camera pair with a polarizing beam splitter, and a multi-view stereo setup with different orientations of linear polarizing filters placed on the cameras, enabling high-quality geometry reconstruction. From this lighting we derive full-color diffuse albedo, single-channel specular albedo suitable for dielectric materials, and polarization-preserving surface normals which are free of corruption from subsurface scattering. We provide simple formulae to estimate the diffuse albedo, specular albedo, and surface normal maps in the single-view and multi-view cases and show error bounds which are small for many common subjects including faces.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We present a method for acquiring the per-pixel diffuse albedo, specular albedo, and surface normal maps of a subject at a single instant in time. The method is single shot, requiring no optical flow, and per-pixel, making no assumptions regarding albedo statistics or surface connectivity. We photograph the subject inside a spherical illumination device emitting a static lighting pattern of vertically polarized RGB color gradients aligned with the XYZ axes, and horizontally polarized RGB color gradients in versely aligned with the XYZ axes. We capture simultaneous photographs using one of two possible setups: a single view setup using a coaxially aligned camera pair with a polarizing beam splitter, and a multi-view stereo setup with different orientations of linear polarizing filters placed on the cameras, enabling high-quality geometry reconstruction. From this lighting we derive full-color diffuse albedo, single-channel specular albedo suitable for dielectric materials, and polarization-preserving surface normals which are free of corruption from subsurface scattering. We provide simple formulae to estimate the diffuse albedo, specular albedo, and surface normal maps in the single-view and multi-view cases and show error bounds which are small for many common subjects including faces.
497.
Scherer, Stefan; Morency, Louis-Philippe; Gratch, Jonathan; Pestian, John
REDUCED VOWEL SPACE IS A ROBUST INDICATOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: A CROSS-CORPUS ANALYSIS Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 4789–4793, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, 2015.
@inproceedings{scherer_reduced_2015,
title = {REDUCED VOWEL SPACE IS A ROBUST INDICATOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: A CROSS-CORPUS ANALYSIS},
author = {Stefan Scherer and Louis-Philippe Morency and Jonathan Gratch and John Pestian},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/REDUCED%20VOWEL%20SPACE%20IS%20A%20ROBUST%20INDICATOR%20OF%20PSYCHOLOGICAL%20DISTRESS-A%20CROSS-CORPUS%20ANALYSIS.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
pages = {4789–4793},
publisher = {IEEE},
address = {Brisbane, Australia},
abstract = {Reduced frequency range in vowel production is a well documented speech characteristic of individuals’ with psychological and neurological disorders. Depression is known to influence motor control and in particular speech production. The assessment and documentation of reduced vowel space and associated perceived hypoarticulation and reduced expressivity often rely on subjective assessments. Within this work, we investigate an automatic unsupervised machine learning approach to assess a speaker’s vowel space within three distinct speech corpora and compare observed vowel space measures of subjects with and without psychological conditions associated with psychological distress, namely depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality. Our experiments are based on recordings of over 300 individuals. The experiments show a significantly reduced vowel space in conversational speech for depression, PTSD, and suicidality. We further observe a similar trend of reduced vowel space for read speech. A possible explanation for a reduced vowel space is psychomotor retardation, a common symptom of depression that influences motor control and speech production.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Reduced frequency range in vowel production is a well documented speech characteristic of individuals’ with psychological and neurological disorders. Depression is known to influence motor control and in particular speech production. The assessment and documentation of reduced vowel space and associated perceived hypoarticulation and reduced expressivity often rely on subjective assessments. Within this work, we investigate an automatic unsupervised machine learning approach to assess a speaker’s vowel space within three distinct speech corpora and compare observed vowel space measures of subjects with and without psychological conditions associated with psychological distress, namely depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidality. Our experiments are based on recordings of over 300 individuals. The experiments show a significantly reduced vowel space in conversational speech for depression, PTSD, and suicidality. We further observe a similar trend of reduced vowel space for read speech. A possible explanation for a reduced vowel space is psychomotor retardation, a common symptom of depression that influences motor control and speech production.
498.
Andreatta, Pamela; Klotz, Jessica J.; Madsen, James M.; Hurst, Charles G.; Talbot, Thomas B.
Outcomes From Two Forms of Training for First-Responder Competency in Cholinergic Crisis Management Journal Article
In: Military Medicine, vol. 180, no. 4, pp. 468–474, 2015, ISSN: 0026-4075, 1930-613X.
@article{andreatta_outcomes_2015,
title = {Outcomes From Two Forms of Training for First-Responder Competency in Cholinergic Crisis Management},
author = {Pamela Andreatta and Jessica J. Klotz and James M. Madsen and Charles G. Hurst and Thomas B. Talbot},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Outcomes%20From%20Two%20Forms%20of%20Training%20for%20First-Responder%20Competency%20in%20Cholinergic%20Crisis%20Management.pdf},
doi = {10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00290},
issn = {0026-4075, 1930-613X},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
journal = {Military Medicine},
volume = {180},
number = {4},
pages = {468–474},
abstract = {Military and civilian first responders must be able to recognize and effectively manage mass disaster casualties. Clinical management of injuries resulting from nerve agents provides different challenges for first responders than those of conventional weapons. We evaluated the impact of a mixed-methods training program on competency acquisition in cholinergic crisis clinical management using multimedia with either live animal or patient actor examples, and hands-on practice using SimMan3G mannequin simulators. A purposively selected sample of 204 civilian and military first responders who had not previously completed nerve agent training were assessed pre- and post-training for knowledge, performance, self-efficacy, and affective state. We conducted analysis of variance with repeated measures; statistical significance p textbackslashtextbackslashtextless 0.05. Both groups had significant performance improvement across all assessment dimensions: knowledge textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 20%, performance textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 50%, self-efficacy textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 34%, and affective state textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 15%. There were no significant differences between the live animal and patient actor groups. These findings could aid in the specification of training for first-responder personnel in military and civilian service. Although less comprehensive than U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense courses, the training outcomes associated with this easily distributed program demonstrate its value in increasing the competency of first responders in recognizing and managing a mass casualty cholinergic event.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Military and civilian first responders must be able to recognize and effectively manage mass disaster casualties. Clinical management of injuries resulting from nerve agents provides different challenges for first responders than those of conventional weapons. We evaluated the impact of a mixed-methods training program on competency acquisition in cholinergic crisis clinical management using multimedia with either live animal or patient actor examples, and hands-on practice using SimMan3G mannequin simulators. A purposively selected sample of 204 civilian and military first responders who had not previously completed nerve agent training were assessed pre- and post-training for knowledge, performance, self-efficacy, and affective state. We conducted analysis of variance with repeated measures; statistical significance p textbackslashtextbackslashtextless 0.05. Both groups had significant performance improvement across all assessment dimensions: knowledge textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 20%, performance textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 50%, self-efficacy textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 34%, and affective state textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater 15%. There were no significant differences between the live animal and patient actor groups. These findings could aid in the specification of training for first-responder personnel in military and civilian service. Although less comprehensive than U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense courses, the training outcomes associated with this easily distributed program demonstrate its value in increasing the competency of first responders in recognizing and managing a mass casualty cholinergic event.
499.
Wang, Ning; Pynadath, David V.; Marsella, Stacy C.
Subjective Perceptions in Wartime Negotiation Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 118–126, 2015, ISSN: 1949-3045.
@article{wang_subjective_2015,
title = {Subjective Perceptions in Wartime Negotiation},
author = {Ning Wang and David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6975149},
doi = {10.1109/TAFFC.2014.2378312},
issn = {1949-3045},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {118–126},
abstract = {The prevalence of negotiation in social interaction has motivated researchers to develop virtual agents that can understand, facilitate, teach and even carry out negotiations. While much of this research has analyzed how to maximize the objective outcome, there is a growing body of work demonstrating that subjective perceptions of the outcome also play a critical role in human negotiation behavior. People derive subjective value from not only the outcome, but also from the process by which they achieve that outcome, from their relationship with their negotiation partner, etc. The affective responses evoked by these subjective valuations can be very different from what would be evoked by the objective outcome alone. We investigate such subjective valuations within human-agent negotiation in four variations of a wartime negotiation game. We observe that the objective outcomes of these negotiations are not strongly correlated with the human negotiators’ subjective perceptions, as measured by the Subjective Value Index. We examine the game dynamics and agent behaviors to identify features that induce different subjective values in the participants. We thus are able to identify characteristics of the negotiation process and the agents’ behavior that most impact people’s subjective valuations in our wartime negotiation games.⬚},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The prevalence of negotiation in social interaction has motivated researchers to develop virtual agents that can understand, facilitate, teach and even carry out negotiations. While much of this research has analyzed how to maximize the objective outcome, there is a growing body of work demonstrating that subjective perceptions of the outcome also play a critical role in human negotiation behavior. People derive subjective value from not only the outcome, but also from the process by which they achieve that outcome, from their relationship with their negotiation partner, etc. The affective responses evoked by these subjective valuations can be very different from what would be evoked by the objective outcome alone. We investigate such subjective valuations within human-agent negotiation in four variations of a wartime negotiation game. We observe that the objective outcomes of these negotiations are not strongly correlated with the human negotiators’ subjective perceptions, as measured by the Subjective Value Index. We examine the game dynamics and agent behaviors to identify features that induce different subjective values in the participants. We thus are able to identify characteristics of the negotiation process and the agents’ behavior that most impact people’s subjective valuations in our wartime negotiation games.⬚
500.
Rosenbloom, Paul
Supraarchitectural Capability Integration: From Soar to Sigma Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, 2015, Groningen, The Netherlands, 2015.
@inproceedings{rosenbloom_supraarchitectural_2015,
title = {Supraarchitectural Capability Integration: From Soar to Sigma},
author = {Paul Rosenbloom},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Supraarchitectural%20Capability%20Integration%20-%20From%20Soar%20to%20Sigma.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, 2015},
address = {Groningen, The Netherlands},
abstract = {Integration across capabilities, both architectural and supraarchitectural, is critical for cognitive architectures. Here we revisit a classic failure of supraarchitectural capability integration in Soar, involving data chunking, to understand better both its source and how it and related integration issues can be overcome via three general extensions in Sigma.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Integration across capabilities, both architectural and supraarchitectural, is critical for cognitive architectures. Here we revisit a classic failure of supraarchitectural capability integration in Soar, involving data chunking, to understand better both its source and how it and related integration issues can be overcome via three general extensions in Sigma.
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