Publications
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1921.
Patel, Jigish; Parker, Robert; Traum, David
Small group discussion simulation for middle Level of Detail Crowds Proceedings Article
In: 8th Workshop on Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue, Barcelona, Spain, 2004.
@inproceedings{patel_small_2004,
title = {Small group discussion simulation for middle Level of Detail Crowds},
author = {Jigish Patel and Robert Parker and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Small%20group%20discussion%20simulation%20for%20middle%20Level%20of%20Detail%20Crowds.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-07-01},
booktitle = {8th Workshop on Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
address = {Barcelona, Spain},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
1922.
Lent, Michael; Fisher, William; Mancuso, Michael
An Explainable Artificial Intelligence System for Small-unit Tactical Behavior Proceedings Article
In: National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 900–907, San Jose, CA, 2004.
@inproceedings{van_lent_explainable_2004,
title = {An Explainable Artificial Intelligence System for Small-unit Tactical Behavior},
author = {Michael Lent and William Fisher and Michael Mancuso},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/An%20Explainable%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20System%20for%20Small-unit%20Tactical%20Behavior.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-06-01},
booktitle = {National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
pages = {900–907},
address = {San Jose, CA},
abstract = {As the artificial intelligence (AI) systems in military simulations and computer games become more complex, their actions become increasingly difficult for users to understand. Expert systems for medical diagnosis have addressed this challenge though the addition of explanation generation systems that explain a system's internal processes. This paper describes the AI architecture and associated explanation capability used by Full Spectrum Command, a training system developed for the US Army by commercial game developers and academic researchers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
As the artificial intelligence (AI) systems in military simulations and computer games become more complex, their actions become increasingly difficult for users to understand. Expert systems for medical diagnosis have addressed this challenge though the addition of explanation generation systems that explain a system's internal processes. This paper describes the AI architecture and associated explanation capability used by Full Spectrum Command, a training system developed for the US Army by commercial game developers and academic researchers.
1923.
Gordon, Andrew S.
Authoring Branching Storylines for Training Applications Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS), Santa Monica, CA, 2004.
@inproceedings{gordon_authoring_2004,
title = {Authoring Branching Storylines for Training Applications},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Authoring%20Branching%20Storylines%20for%20Training%20Applications.PDF},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS)},
address = {Santa Monica, CA},
abstract = {Progress in the area of interactive training applications has led to the formulation of methodologies that have been successfully transitioned out of research labs and into the practices of commercial developers. This paper reviews the academic origins of a methodology for developing training applications that incorporate branching storylines to engage users in a firstperson learn-by-doing experience, originally referred to as Outcome-Driven Simulations. Innovations and modifications to this methodology from the commercial sector are then reviewed, and the steps in this methodology are described, as implemented in current best practices. Finally, new research efforts based on this methodology are examined, including the introduction of natural language processing technology to enable human-computer conversations and the integration of branching storylines into real-time virtual reality environments. A prototype application to support leadership development within the U.S. Army that includes these advances is described.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Progress in the area of interactive training applications has led to the formulation of methodologies that have been successfully transitioned out of research labs and into the practices of commercial developers. This paper reviews the academic origins of a methodology for developing training applications that incorporate branching storylines to engage users in a firstperson learn-by-doing experience, originally referred to as Outcome-Driven Simulations. Innovations and modifications to this methodology from the commercial sector are then reviewed, and the steps in this methodology are described, as implemented in current best practices. Finally, new research efforts based on this methodology are examined, including the introduction of natural language processing technology to enable human-computer conversations and the integration of branching storylines into real-time virtual reality environments. A prototype application to support leadership development within the U.S. Army that includes these advances is described.
1924.
Gratch, Jonathan; Marsella, Stacy C.
Evaluating a General Model of Emotional Appraisal and Coping Proceedings Article
In: AAAI Spring Symposium on Architectures for Modeling Emotion: Cross-disciplinary Foundations, Palo Alto, CA, 2004.
@inproceedings{gratch_evaluating_2004-1,
title = {Evaluating a General Model of Emotional Appraisal and Coping},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evaluating%20a%20General%20Model%20of%20Emotional%20Appraisal%20and%20Coping.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-06-01},
booktitle = {AAAI Spring Symposium on Architectures for Modeling Emotion: Cross-disciplinary Foundations},
address = {Palo Alto, CA},
abstract = {Introduction: In our research, we have developed a general computational model of human emotion. The model attempts to account for both the factors that give rise to emotions as well as the wide-ranging impact emotions have on cognitive and behavioral responses. Emotions influence our beliefs, our decision-making and how we adapt our behavior to the world around us. While most apparent in moments of great stress, emotions sway even the mundane decisions we face in everyday life. Emotions also infuse our social relationships. Our interactions with each other are a source of many emotions and we have developed a range of behaviors that can communicate emotional information as well as an ability to recognize and be influenced by the emotional arousal of others. By virtue of their central role and wide influence, emotion arguably provides the means to coordinate the diverse mental and physical components required to respond to the world in a coherent fashion. (1st Paragraph)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Introduction: In our research, we have developed a general computational model of human emotion. The model attempts to account for both the factors that give rise to emotions as well as the wide-ranging impact emotions have on cognitive and behavioral responses. Emotions influence our beliefs, our decision-making and how we adapt our behavior to the world around us. While most apparent in moments of great stress, emotions sway even the mundane decisions we face in everyday life. Emotions also infuse our social relationships. Our interactions with each other are a source of many emotions and we have developed a range of behaviors that can communicate emotional information as well as an ability to recognize and be influenced by the emotional arousal of others. By virtue of their central role and wide influence, emotion arguably provides the means to coordinate the diverse mental and physical components required to respond to the world in a coherent fashion. (1st Paragraph)
1925.
Mao, Wenji; Gratch, Jonathan
A Utility-Based Approach to Intention Recognition Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), New York, NY, 2004.
@inproceedings{mao_utility-based_2004,
title = {A Utility-Based Approach to Intention Recognition},
author = {Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Utility-Based%20Approach%20to%20Intention%20Recognition.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-06-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
address = {New York, NY},
abstract = {Based on the assumption that a rational agent will adopt a plan that maximizes the expected utility, we present a utility-based approach to plan recognition problem in this paper. The approach explicitly takes the observed agent's preferences into consideration, and computes the estimated expected utilities of plans to disambiguate competing hypotheses. Online plan recognition is realized by incrementally using plan knowledge and observations to change state probabilities. We also discuss the work and compare it with other probabilistic models in the paper.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Based on the assumption that a rational agent will adopt a plan that maximizes the expected utility, we present a utility-based approach to plan recognition problem in this paper. The approach explicitly takes the observed agent's preferences into consideration, and computes the estimated expected utilities of plans to disambiguate competing hypotheses. Online plan recognition is realized by incrementally using plan knowledge and observations to change state probabilities. We also discuss the work and compare it with other probabilistic models in the paper.
1926.
Marsella, Stacy C.; Gratch, Jonathan; Rickel, Jeff
Expressive Behaviors for Virtual Worlds Book Section
In: Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications, 2004.
@incollection{marsella_expressive_2004,
title = {Expressive Behaviors for Virtual Worlds},
author = {Stacy C. Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Jeff Rickel},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Expressive%20Behaviors%20for%20Virtual%20Worlds.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-06-01},
booktitle = {Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications},
abstract = {A person's behavior provides signi⬚cant information about their emotional state, attitudes, and attention. Our goal is to create virtual humans that convey such information to people while interacting with them in virtual worlds. The virtual humans must respond dynamically to the events surrounding them, which are fundamentally influenced by users' actions, while providing an illusion of human-like behavior. A user must be able to interpret the dynamic cognitive and emotional state of the virtual humans using the same nonverbal cues that people use to understand one another. Towards these goals, we are integrating and extending components from three prior systems: a virtual human architecture with a wide range of cognitive and motor capabilities, a model of task-oriented emotional appraisal and socially situated planning, and a model of how emotions and coping impact physical behavior. We describe the key research issues and approach in each of these prior systems, as well as our integration and its initial implementation in a leadership training system.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
A person's behavior provides signi⬚cant information about their emotional state, attitudes, and attention. Our goal is to create virtual humans that convey such information to people while interacting with them in virtual worlds. The virtual humans must respond dynamically to the events surrounding them, which are fundamentally influenced by users' actions, while providing an illusion of human-like behavior. A user must be able to interpret the dynamic cognitive and emotional state of the virtual humans using the same nonverbal cues that people use to understand one another. Towards these goals, we are integrating and extending components from three prior systems: a virtual human architecture with a wide range of cognitive and motor capabilities, a model of task-oriented emotional appraisal and socially situated planning, and a model of how emotions and coping impact physical behavior. We describe the key research issues and approach in each of these prior systems, as well as our integration and its initial implementation in a leadership training system.
1927.
Debevec, Paul; Gardner, Andrew; Tchou, Chris; Hawkins, Tim
Postproduction Re-Illumination of Live Action Using Time-Multiplexed Lighting Technical Report
University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies Marina del Rey, CA, no. ICT TR 05.2004, 2004.
@techreport{debevec_postproduction_2004,
title = {Postproduction Re-Illumination of Live Action Using Time-Multiplexed Lighting},
author = {Paul Debevec and Andrew Gardner and Chris Tchou and Tim Hawkins},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Postproduction%20Re-Illumination%20of%20Live%20Action%20Using%20Time-Multiplexed%20Lighting.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-06-01},
number = {ICT TR 05.2004},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
institution = {University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies},
abstract = {In this work, we present a technique for capturing a time-varying human performance in such a way that it can be re-illuminated in postproduction. The key idea is to illuminate the subject with a variety of rapidly changing time-multiplexed basis lighting conditions, and to record these lighting conditions with a fast enough video camera so that several or many different basis lighting conditions are recorded during the span of the final video's desired frame rate. In this poster we present two versions of such a system and propose plans for creating a complete, production-ready device.},
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In this work, we present a technique for capturing a time-varying human performance in such a way that it can be re-illuminated in postproduction. The key idea is to illuminate the subject with a variety of rapidly changing time-multiplexed basis lighting conditions, and to record these lighting conditions with a fast enough video camera so that several or many different basis lighting conditions are recorded during the span of the final video's desired frame rate. In this poster we present two versions of such a system and propose plans for creating a complete, production-ready device.
1928.
Garg, Saurabh; Martinovski, Bilyana; Robinson, Susan; Stephan, Jens; Tetreault, Joel; Traum, David
Evaluation of Transcription and Annotation tools for a Multi-modal, Multi-party dialogue corpus Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Lisbon, Portugal, 2004.
@inproceedings{garg_evaluation_2004,
title = {Evaluation of Transcription and Annotation tools for a Multi-modal, Multi-party dialogue corpus},
author = {Saurabh Garg and Bilyana Martinovski and Susan Robinson and Jens Stephan and Joel Tetreault and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evaluation%20of%20Transcription%20and%20Annotation%20tools%20for%20a%20Multi-modal,%20Multi-party%20dialogue%20corpus.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-05-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},
address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
abstract = {This paper reviews nine available transcription and annotation tools, considering in particular the special difï¬culties arising from transcribing and annotating multi-party, multi-modal dialogue. Tools are evaluated as to the ability to support the user's annotation scheme, ability to visualize the form of the data, compatibility with other tools, flexibility of data representation, and general user-friendliness.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper reviews nine available transcription and annotation tools, considering in particular the special difï¬culties arising from transcribing and annotating multi-party, multi-modal dialogue. Tools are evaluated as to the ability to support the user's annotation scheme, ability to visualize the form of the data, compatibility with other tools, flexibility of data representation, and general user-friendliness.
1929.
Traum, David; Robinson, Susan; Stephan, Jens
Evaluation of multi-party virtual reality dialogue interaction Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Lisbon, Portugal, 2004.
@inproceedings{traum_evaluation_2004,
title = {Evaluation of multi-party virtual reality dialogue interaction},
author = {David Traum and Susan Robinson and Jens Stephan},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evaluation%20of%20multi-party%20virtual%20reality%20dialogue%20interaction.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-05-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},
address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
abstract = {We describe a dialogue evaluation plan for a multi-character virtual reality training simulation. A multi-component evaluation plan is presented, including user satisfaction, intended task completion, recognition rate, and a new annotation scheme for appropriateness. Preliminary results for formative tests are also presented.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We describe a dialogue evaluation plan for a multi-character virtual reality training simulation. A multi-component evaluation plan is presented, including user satisfaction, intended task completion, recognition rate, and a new annotation scheme for appropriateness. Preliminary results for formative tests are also presented.
1930.
Gordon, Andrew S.
Tough Love Between Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of IE2004: Australian Workshop on Interactive Entertainment, Sydney, Australia, 2004.
@inproceedings{gordon_tough_2004,
title = {Tough Love Between Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Tough%20Love%20Between%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20and%20Interactive%20Entertainment.PDF},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-02-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IE2004: Australian Workshop on Interactive Entertainment},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
abstract = {Burgeoning interest in Interactive Entertainment has led many computer scientists with roots in Artificial Intelligence toward the exploration of ideas in mass-market entertainment applications. Increasing numbers of workshops, journals, and funding programs for Interactive Entertainment indicate that AI researchers in this area have a good sense for following hot new trends, but are they vanguards of a fruitful science or misguided opportunists? In this IE2004 invited talk, I'll explore the relationship between AI research and the Interactive Entertainment field, from its seductive courtship through its rocky marriage, and offer some relationship advice for the future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Burgeoning interest in Interactive Entertainment has led many computer scientists with roots in Artificial Intelligence toward the exploration of ideas in mass-market entertainment applications. Increasing numbers of workshops, journals, and funding programs for Interactive Entertainment indicate that AI researchers in this area have a good sense for following hot new trends, but are they vanguards of a fruitful science or misguided opportunists? In this IE2004 invited talk, I'll explore the relationship between AI research and the Interactive Entertainment field, from its seductive courtship through its rocky marriage, and offer some relationship advice for the future.
1931.
Robinson, Susan; Martinovski, Bilyana; Garg, Saurabh; Stephan, Jens; Traum, David
Issues in corpus development for multi-party multi-modal task-oriented dialogue Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Lisbon, Portugal, 2004.
@inproceedings{robinson_issues_2004,
title = {Issues in corpus development for multi-party multi-modal task-oriented dialogue},
author = {Susan Robinson and Bilyana Martinovski and Saurabh Garg and Jens Stephan and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Issues%20in%20corpus%20development%20for%20multi-party%20multi-modal%20task-oriented%20dialogue.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},
address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
abstract = {This paper describes the development of a multi-modal corpus based on multi-party multi-task driven common goal oriented spoken language interaction. The data consists of approximately 10 hours of audio human simulation radio data and nearly 5 hours of video and audio face-to-face sessions between human trainees and virtual agents.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper describes the development of a multi-modal corpus based on multi-party multi-task driven common goal oriented spoken language interaction. The data consists of approximately 10 hours of audio human simulation radio data and nearly 5 hours of video and audio face-to-face sessions between human trainees and virtual agents.
1932.
Kim, Hyeok-Soo; Gratch, Jonathan
A Planner-Independent Collaborative Planning Assistant Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pp. 766–773, New York, NY, 2004.
@inproceedings{kim_planner-independent_2004,
title = {A Planner-Independent Collaborative Planning Assistant},
author = {Hyeok-Soo Kim and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Planner-Independent%20Collaborative%20Planning%20Assistant.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
volume = {2},
pages = {766–773},
address = {New York, NY},
abstract = {This article introduces a novel approach to the problem of collaborative planning. We present a method that takes classical one-shot planning techniques - that take a fixed set of goals, initial state, and a domain theory - and adapts them to support the incremental, hierarchical and exploratory nature of collaborative planning that occurs between human planners, and that multi-agent planning systems attempt to support. This approach is planner-independent - in that it could be applied to any classical planning technique - and recasts the problem of collaborative planning as a search through a space of possible inputs to a classical planning system. This article outlines the technique and describes its application to the Mission Rehearsal Exercise, a multi-agent training system.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article introduces a novel approach to the problem of collaborative planning. We present a method that takes classical one-shot planning techniques - that take a fixed set of goals, initial state, and a domain theory - and adapts them to support the incremental, hierarchical and exploratory nature of collaborative planning that occurs between human planners, and that multi-agent planning systems attempt to support. This approach is planner-independent - in that it could be applied to any classical planning technique - and recasts the problem of collaborative planning as a search through a space of possible inputs to a classical planning system. This article outlines the technique and describes its application to the Mission Rehearsal Exercise, a multi-agent training system.
1933.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Hobbs, Jerry R.
Formalizations of Commonsense Psychology Journal Article
In: AI Magazine, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 49–62, 2004.
@article{gordon_formalizations_2004,
title = {Formalizations of Commonsense Psychology},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Jerry R. Hobbs},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Formalizations%20of%20Commonsense%20Psychology.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {AI Magazine},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {49–62},
abstract = {The central challenge in commonsense knowledge representation research is to develop content theories that achieve a high degree of both competency and coverage. We describe a new methodology for constructing formal theories in commonsense knowledge domains that complements traditional knowledge representation approaches by first addressing issues of coverage. We show how a close examination of a very general task (strategic planning) leads to a catalog of the concepts and facts that must be encoded for general commonsense reasoning. These concepts are sorted into a manageable number of coherent domains, one of which is the representational area of commonsense human memory. We then elaborate on these concepts using textual corpus-analysis techniques, where the conceptual distinctions made in natural language are used to improve the definitions of the concepts that should be expressible in our formal theories. These representational areas are then analyzed using more traditional knowledge representation techniques, as demonstrated in this article by our treatment of commonsense human memory.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The central challenge in commonsense knowledge representation research is to develop content theories that achieve a high degree of both competency and coverage. We describe a new methodology for constructing formal theories in commonsense knowledge domains that complements traditional knowledge representation approaches by first addressing issues of coverage. We show how a close examination of a very general task (strategic planning) leads to a catalog of the concepts and facts that must be encoded for general commonsense reasoning. These concepts are sorted into a manageable number of coherent domains, one of which is the representational area of commonsense human memory. We then elaborate on these concepts using textual corpus-analysis techniques, where the conceptual distinctions made in natural language are used to improve the definitions of the concepts that should be expressible in our formal theories. These representational areas are then analyzed using more traditional knowledge representation techniques, as demonstrated in this article by our treatment of commonsense human memory.
1934.
Gratch, Jonathan; Marsella, Stacy C.
Technical Details of a Domain-independent Framework for Modeling Emotion Technical Report
University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies Marina del Rey, CA, no. ICT TR 04.2004, 2004.
@techreport{gratch_technical_2004,
title = {Technical Details of a Domain-independent Framework for Modeling Emotion},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Technical%20Details%20of%20a%20Domain-independent%20Framework%20for%20Modeling%20Emotion.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
number = {ICT TR 04.2004},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
institution = {University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies},
abstract = {This technical report elaborates on the technical details of the EMA model of emotional appraisal and coping. It should be seen as an appendix to the journal article on this topic (Gratch & Marsella, to appear)},
keywords = {},
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}
This technical report elaborates on the technical details of the EMA model of emotional appraisal and coping. It should be seen as an appendix to the journal article on this topic (Gratch & Marsella, to appear)
1935.
Mao, Wenji; Gratch, Jonathan
Decision-Theoretic Approach to Plan Recognition Technical Report
University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies Marina del Rey, CA, no. ICT TR 01.2004, 2004.
@techreport{mao_decision-theoretic_2004,
title = {Decision-Theoretic Approach to Plan Recognition},
author = {Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Decision-Theoretic%20Approach%20to%20Plan%20Recognition.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
number = {ICT TR 01.2004},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
institution = {University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies},
abstract = {In this report, first we give a survey of the work in plan recognition field, including the evolution of different approaches, their strength and weaknesses. Then we propose two decision-theoretic approaches to plan recognition problem, which explicitly take outcome utilities into consideration. One is an extension within the probabilistic reasoning framework, by adding utility nodes to belief nets. The other is based on maximizing the estimated expected utility of possible plan. Illustrative examples are given to explain the approaches. Finally, we compare the two approaches presented in the report and summarize the work.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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In this report, first we give a survey of the work in plan recognition field, including the evolution of different approaches, their strength and weaknesses. Then we propose two decision-theoretic approaches to plan recognition problem, which explicitly take outcome utilities into consideration. One is an extension within the probabilistic reasoning framework, by adding utility nodes to belief nets. The other is based on maximizing the estimated expected utility of possible plan. Illustrative examples are given to explain the approaches. Finally, we compare the two approaches presented in the report and summarize the work.
1936.
Traum, David
Issues in Multiparty Dialogues Journal Article
In: Advances in Agent Communication, 2004.
@article{traum_issues_2004,
title = {Issues in Multiparty Dialogues},
author = {David Traum},
editor = {F. Dignum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Issues%20in%20Multiparty%20Dialogues.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Advances in Agent Communication},
abstract = {This article examines some of the issues in representation of, processing, and automated agent participation in natural language dialgue, considering expansion from two-party dialogue to multi-party dialogue. These issues include some regarding the roles agents play in dialogue, interactive factors, and content management factors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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This article examines some of the issues in representation of, processing, and automated agent participation in natural language dialgue, considering expansion from two-party dialogue to multi-party dialogue. These issues include some regarding the roles agents play in dialogue, interactive factors, and content management factors.
1937.
Mao, Wenji; Gratch, Jonathan
Social Judgment in Multiagent Interactions Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pp. 210–217, New York, NY, 2004.
@inproceedings{mao_social_2004,
title = {Social Judgment in Multiagent Interactions},
author = {Wenji Mao and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Social%20Judgment%20in%20Multiagent%20Interactions.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
volume = {1},
pages = {210–217},
address = {New York, NY},
abstract = {Social judgment is a process of social explanation whereby one evaluates which entities deserve credit or blame for multi-agent activities. Such explanations are a key aspect of inference in a social environment and a model of this process can advance several design components of multi-agent systems. Social judgment underlies social planning, social learning, natural language pragmatics and computational model of emotion. Based on psychological attribution theory, this paper presents a computational approach to forming social judgment based on an agents causal knowledge and communicative interactions with other agents.},
keywords = {},
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Social judgment is a process of social explanation whereby one evaluates which entities deserve credit or blame for multi-agent activities. Such explanations are a key aspect of inference in a social environment and a model of this process can advance several design components of multi-agent systems. Social judgment underlies social planning, social learning, natural language pragmatics and computational model of emotion. Based on psychological attribution theory, this paper presents a computational approach to forming social judgment based on an agents causal knowledge and communicative interactions with other agents.
1938.
Cao, Yong; Faloutsos, Petros; Kohler, Eddie; Pighin, Frédéric
Real-time Speech Motion Synthesis from Recorded Motions Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, 2004.
@inproceedings{cao_real-time_2004,
title = {Real-time Speech Motion Synthesis from Recorded Motions},
author = {Yong Cao and Petros Faloutsos and Eddie Kohler and Frédéric Pighin},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Real-time%20Speech%20Motion%20Synthesis%20from%20Recorded%20Motions.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation},
abstract = {Data-driven approaches have been successfully used for realistic visual speech synthesis. However, little effort has been devoted to real-time lip-synching for interactive applications. In particular, algorithms that are based on a graph of motions are notorious for their exponential complexity. In this paper, we present a greedy graph search algorithm that yields vastly superior performance and allows real-time motion synthesis from a large database of motions. The time complexity of the algorithm is linear with respect to the size of an input utterance. In our experiments, the synthesis time for an input sentence of average length is under a second.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Data-driven approaches have been successfully used for realistic visual speech synthesis. However, little effort has been devoted to real-time lip-synching for interactive applications. In particular, algorithms that are based on a graph of motions are notorious for their exponential complexity. In this paper, we present a greedy graph search algorithm that yields vastly superior performance and allows real-time motion synthesis from a large database of motions. The time complexity of the algorithm is linear with respect to the size of an input utterance. In our experiments, the synthesis time for an input sentence of average length is under a second.
1939.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Larson, Peter; Kratz, Kris; Thiebaux, Marcus; Bluestein, Brendon; Buckwalter, John Galen; Rizzo, Albert
Sex differences in mental rotation and spatial rotation in a virtual environment Journal Article
In: Neuropsychologia, vol. 42, pp. 555–562, 2004.
@article{parsons_sex_2004,
title = {Sex differences in mental rotation and spatial rotation in a virtual environment},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Peter Larson and Kris Kratz and Marcus Thiebaux and Brendon Bluestein and John Galen Buckwalter and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Sex%20differences%20in%20mental%20rotation%20and%20spatial%20rotation%20in%20a%20virtual%20environment.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.014},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
volume = {42},
pages = {555–562},
abstract = {The visuospatial ability referred to as mental rotation has been shown to produce one of the largest and most consistent sex differences, in favor of males, in the cognitive literature. The current study utilizes both a paper-and-pencil version of the mental rotations test (MRT) and a virtual environment for investigating rotational ability among 44 adult subjects. Results replicate sex differences traditionally seen on paper-and-pencil measures, while no sex effects were observed in the virtual environment. These ï¬ndings are discussed in terms of task demands and motor involvement. Sex differences were also seen in the patterns of correlations between rotation tasks and other neuropsychological measures. Current results suggest men may rely more on left hemisphere processing than women when engaged in rotational tasks. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The visuospatial ability referred to as mental rotation has been shown to produce one of the largest and most consistent sex differences, in favor of males, in the cognitive literature. The current study utilizes both a paper-and-pencil version of the mental rotations test (MRT) and a virtual environment for investigating rotational ability among 44 adult subjects. Results replicate sex differences traditionally seen on paper-and-pencil measures, while no sex effects were observed in the virtual environment. These ï¬ndings are discussed in terms of task demands and motor involvement. Sex differences were also seen in the patterns of correlations between rotation tasks and other neuropsychological measures. Current results suggest men may rely more on left hemisphere processing than women when engaged in rotational tasks. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1940.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert; Buckwalter, John Galen
Backpropagation and Regression: Comparative Utility for Neuropsychologists Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 95–104, 2004.
@article{parsons_backpropagation_2004,
title = {Backpropagation and Regression: Comparative Utility for Neuropsychologists},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo and John Galen Buckwalter},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Backpropagation%20and%20Regression-%20Comparative%20Utility%20for%20Neuropsychologists.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {95–104},
abstract = {The aim of this research was to compare the data analytic applicability of a backpropagated neural network with that of regression analysis. Thirty individuals between the ages of 64 and 86 (Mean age = 73.6; Mean years education = 15.4; % women = 50) participated in a study designed to validate a new test of spatial ability administered in virtual reality. As part of this project a standard neuropsychological battery was administered. Results from the multiple regression model (R2 = .21, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .28; Standard Error = 18.01) were compared with those of a backpropagated ANN (R2 = .39, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .02; Standard Error = 13.07). This 18% increase in prediction of a common neuropsychological problem demonstrated that an ANN has the potential to outperform a regression.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this research was to compare the data analytic applicability of a backpropagated neural network with that of regression analysis. Thirty individuals between the ages of 64 and 86 (Mean age = 73.6; Mean years education = 15.4; % women = 50) participated in a study designed to validate a new test of spatial ability administered in virtual reality. As part of this project a standard neuropsychological battery was administered. Results from the multiple regression model (R2 = .21, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .28; Standard Error = 18.01) were compared with those of a backpropagated ANN (R2 = .39, p textbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextbackslashtextless .02; Standard Error = 13.07). This 18% increase in prediction of a common neuropsychological problem demonstrated that an ANN has the potential to outperform a regression.
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