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1821.
Thagard, Paul; Ditto, Peter; Gratch, Jonathan; Marsella, Stacy C.; Westen, Drew
Emotional Cognition in the Real World Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Nashville, TN, 2007.
@inproceedings{thagard_emotional_2007,
title = {Emotional Cognition in the Real World},
author = {Paul Thagard and Peter Ditto and Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella and Drew Westen},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Emotional%20Cognition%20in%20the%20Real%20World.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
address = {Nashville, TN},
abstract = {There is increasing appreciation in cognitive science of the impact of emotions on many kinds of thinking, from decision making to scientific discovery. This appreciation has developed in all the fields of cognitive science, including, psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and linguistics, and anthropology. The purpose of the proposed symposium is to report and discuss new investigations of the impact of emotion on cognitive processes, in particular ones that are important in real life situations. We will approach the practical importance of emotional cognition from a variety of disciplinary perspectives: social psychology (Ditto), clinical psychology (Westen), computer science (Gratch and Marsella), and philosophy and neuroscience (Thagard). In order to provide integration across these approaches, we will try to address a fundamental set of questions, including: 1. How do emotions interact with basic cognitive processes? 2. What are the positive contributions of emotions to various kinds of thinking in real world situations? 3. How do emotions sometimes bias thinking in real world situations? 4. How can understanding of the psychology and neuroscience of emotional cognition be used to improve the effectiveness of real world thinking?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
There is increasing appreciation in cognitive science of the impact of emotions on many kinds of thinking, from decision making to scientific discovery. This appreciation has developed in all the fields of cognitive science, including, psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and linguistics, and anthropology. The purpose of the proposed symposium is to report and discuss new investigations of the impact of emotion on cognitive processes, in particular ones that are important in real life situations. We will approach the practical importance of emotional cognition from a variety of disciplinary perspectives: social psychology (Ditto), clinical psychology (Westen), computer science (Gratch and Marsella), and philosophy and neuroscience (Thagard). In order to provide integration across these approaches, we will try to address a fundamental set of questions, including: 1. How do emotions interact with basic cognitive processes? 2. What are the positive contributions of emotions to various kinds of thinking in real world situations? 3. How do emotions sometimes bias thinking in real world situations? 4. How can understanding of the psychology and neuroscience of emotional cognition be used to improve the effectiveness of real world thinking?
1822.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Swanson, Reid
Generalizing Semantic Role Annotations Across Syntactically Similar Verbs Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2007 Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-07), Prague, Czech Republic, 2007.
@inproceedings{gordon_generalizing_2007,
title = {Generalizing Semantic Role Annotations Across Syntactically Similar Verbs},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Reid Swanson},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Generalizing%20Semantic%20Role%20Annotations%20Across%20Syntactically%20Similar%20Verbs.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-07)},
address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
abstract = {Large corpora of parsed sentences with semantic role labels (e.g. PropBank) provide training data for use in the creation of high-performance automatic semantic role labeling systems. Despite the size of these corpora, individual verbs (or role-sets) often have only a handful of instances in these corpora, and only a fraction of English verbs have even a single annotation. In this paper, we describe an approach for dealing with this sparse data problem, enabling accurate semantic role labeling for novel verbs (rolesets) with only a single training example. Our approach involves the identification of syntactically similar verbs found in PropBank, the alignment of arguments in their corresponding rolesets, and the use of their corresponding annotations in PropBank as surrogate training data.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Large corpora of parsed sentences with semantic role labels (e.g. PropBank) provide training data for use in the creation of high-performance automatic semantic role labeling systems. Despite the size of these corpora, individual verbs (or role-sets) often have only a handful of instances in these corpora, and only a fraction of English verbs have even a single annotation. In this paper, we describe an approach for dealing with this sparse data problem, enabling accurate semantic role labeling for novel verbs (rolesets) with only a single training example. Our approach involves the identification of syntactically similar verbs found in PropBank, the alignment of arguments in their corresponding rolesets, and the use of their corresponding annotations in PropBank as surrogate training data.
1823.
Jan, Dusan; Traum, David
Dynamic Movement and Positioning of Embodied Agents in Multiparty Conversations Proceedings Article
In: ACL 2007 Workshop on Embodied Language Processing, Prague, Czech Republic, 2007.
@inproceedings{jan_dynamic_2007,
title = {Dynamic Movement and Positioning of Embodied Agents in Multiparty Conversations},
author = {Dusan Jan and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Dynamic%20Movement%20and%20Positioning%20of%20Embodied%20Agents%20in%20Multiparty%20%20Conversations.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-01},
booktitle = {ACL 2007 Workshop on Embodied Language Processing},
address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
abstract = {For embodied agents to engage in realistic multiparty conversation, they must stand in appropriate places with respect to other agents and the environment. When these factors change, for example when an agent joins a conversation, the agents must dynamically move to a new location and/or orientation to accommodate. This paper presents an algorithm for simulating the movement of agents based on observed human behavior using techniques developed for pedestrian movement in crowd simulations. We extend a previous group conversation simulation to include an agent motion algorithm. We examine several test cases and show how the simulation generates results that mirror real-life conversation settings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
For embodied agents to engage in realistic multiparty conversation, they must stand in appropriate places with respect to other agents and the environment. When these factors change, for example when an agent joins a conversation, the agents must dynamically move to a new location and/or orientation to accommodate. This paper presents an algorithm for simulating the movement of agents based on observed human behavior using techniques developed for pedestrian movement in crowd simulations. We extend a previous group conversation simulation to include an agent motion algorithm. We examine several test cases and show how the simulation generates results that mirror real-life conversation settings.
1824.
Kenny, Patrick G.; Rizzo, Albert; Parsons, Thomas D.; Gratch, Jonathan; Swartout, William
A Virtual Human Agent for Training Novice Therapist Clinical Interviewing Skills Proceedings Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, pp. 197–210, Washington D.C., 2007.
@inproceedings{kenny_virtual_2007-1,
title = {A Virtual Human Agent for Training Novice Therapist Clinical Interviewing Skills},
author = {Patrick G. Kenny and Albert Rizzo and Thomas D. Parsons and Jonathan Gratch and William Swartout},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Virtual%20Human%20Agent%20for%20Training%20Novice%20Therapist%20Clinical%20Interviewing%20Skills.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-01},
booktitle = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
volume = {4722},
pages = {197–210},
address = {Washington D.C.},
abstract = {Virtual Reality (VR) is rapidly evolving into a pragmatically usable technology for mental health (MH) applications. Over the last five years, the technology for creating virtual humans (VHs) has evolved to the point where they are no longer regarded as simple background characters, but rather can serve a functional interactional role. Our current project involves the construction of a natural language-capable virtual client named “Justin,” which derived from a military negotiation train- ing tool into a virtual therapy patient for training novice clinicians the art of clinical interviewing with a resistant client. Justin portrays a 16-year old male with a conduct disorder who is being forced to par- ticipate in therapy by his family. The system uses a sophisticated natural language interface that al- lows novice clinicians to practice asking interview questions in an effort to create a positive therapeu- tic alliance with this very challenging virtual client. Herein we proffer a description of our iterative de- sign process and outline our long term vision.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Virtual Reality (VR) is rapidly evolving into a pragmatically usable technology for mental health (MH) applications. Over the last five years, the technology for creating virtual humans (VHs) has evolved to the point where they are no longer regarded as simple background characters, but rather can serve a functional interactional role. Our current project involves the construction of a natural language-capable virtual client named “Justin,” which derived from a military negotiation train- ing tool into a virtual therapy patient for training novice clinicians the art of clinical interviewing with a resistant client. Justin portrays a 16-year old male with a conduct disorder who is being forced to par- ticipate in therapy by his family. The system uses a sophisticated natural language interface that al- lows novice clinicians to practice asking interview questions in an effort to create a positive therapeu- tic alliance with this very challenging virtual client. Herein we proffer a description of our iterative de- sign process and outline our long term vision.
1825.
Paek, Tim; Gandhe, Sudeep; Chickering, David Maxwel; Ju, Yun Cheng
Handling Out-of-Grammar Commands in Mobile Speech Interaction Using Backoff Filler Models Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing, pp. 33–40, 2007.
@inproceedings{paek_handling_2007,
title = {Handling Out-of-Grammar Commands in Mobile Speech Interaction Using Backoff Filler Models},
author = {Tim Paek and Sudeep Gandhe and David Maxwel Chickering and Yun Cheng Ju},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Handling%20Out-of-Grammar%20Commands%20in%20Mobile%20Speech%20Interaction%20Using%20Backoff%20Filler%20Models.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing},
pages = {33–40},
abstract = {In command and control (C&C) speech interaction, users interact by speaking commands or asking questions typically specified in a context-free grammar (CFG). Unfortunately, users often produce out-ofgrammar (OOG) commands, which can result in misunderstanding or nonunderstanding. We explore a simple approach to handling OOG commands that involves generating a backoff grammar from any CFG using filler models, and utilizing that grammar for recognition whenever the CFG fails. Working within the memory footprint requirements of a mobile C&C product, applying the approach yielded a 35% relative reduction in semantic error rate for OOG commands. It also improved partial recognitions for enabling clarification dialogue.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In command and control (C&C) speech interaction, users interact by speaking commands or asking questions typically specified in a context-free grammar (CFG). Unfortunately, users often produce out-ofgrammar (OOG) commands, which can result in misunderstanding or nonunderstanding. We explore a simple approach to handling OOG commands that involves generating a backoff grammar from any CFG using filler models, and utilizing that grammar for recognition whenever the CFG fails. Working within the memory footprint requirements of a mobile C&C product, applying the approach yielded a 35% relative reduction in semantic error rate for OOG commands. It also improved partial recognitions for enabling clarification dialogue.
1826.
Crooks, Valerie C.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Buckwalter, John Galen
Validation of the Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) instrument: a computerized telephonic measure Journal Article
In: BMC Neurology, vol. 7, no. 10, 2007.
@article{crooks_validation_2007,
title = {Validation of the Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) instrument: a computerized telephonic measure},
author = {Valerie C. Crooks and Thomas D. Parsons and John Galen Buckwalter},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Validation%20of%20the%20Cognitive%20Assessment%20of%20Later%20Life%20Status%20(CALLS)%20instrument-%20a%20computerized%20telephonic%20measure.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2377-7-10},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-05-01},
journal = {BMC Neurology},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
abstract = {Background: Brief screening tests have been developed to measure cognitive performance and dementia, yet they measure limited cognitive domains and often lack construct validity. Neuropsychological assessments, while comprehensive, are too costly and time-consuming for epidemiological studies. This study's aim was to develop a psychometrically valid telephone administered test of cognitive function in aging. Methods: Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 30 minute Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) measure and a 2.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 211 participants 65 years and older that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results: Overall Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the CALLS test was 0.81. A principal component analysis of the CALLS tests yielded five components. The CALLS total score was significantly correlated with four neuropsychological assessment components. Older age and having a high school education or less was significantly correlated with lower CALLS total scores. Females scored better overall than males. There were no score differences based on race. Conclusion: The CALLS test is a valid measure that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study cognitive function in large populations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Brief screening tests have been developed to measure cognitive performance and dementia, yet they measure limited cognitive domains and often lack construct validity. Neuropsychological assessments, while comprehensive, are too costly and time-consuming for epidemiological studies. This study's aim was to develop a psychometrically valid telephone administered test of cognitive function in aging. Methods: Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 30 minute Cognitive Assessment of Later Life Status (CALLS) measure and a 2.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 211 participants 65 years and older that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results: Overall Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the CALLS test was 0.81. A principal component analysis of the CALLS tests yielded five components. The CALLS total score was significantly correlated with four neuropsychological assessment components. Older age and having a high school education or less was significantly correlated with lower CALLS total scores. Females scored better overall than males. There were no score differences based on race. Conclusion: The CALLS test is a valid measure that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study cognitive function in large populations.
1827.
Robertson, R. Kevin; Nakasujja, Noeline; Wong, Matthew; Musisi, Seggane; Katabira, Elly; Parsons, Thomas D.; Ronald, Allan; Sacktor, Ned
Pattern of neuropsychological performance among HIV positive patients in Uganda Journal Article
In: BMC Neurology, 2007.
@article{robertson_pattern_2007,
title = {Pattern of neuropsychological performance among HIV positive patients in Uganda},
author = {R. Kevin Robertson and Noeline Nakasujja and Matthew Wong and Seggane Musisi and Elly Katabira and Thomas D. Parsons and Allan Ronald and Ned Sacktor},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Pattern%20of%20neuropsychological%20performance%20among%20HIV%20positive%20patients%20in%20Uganda.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-04-01},
journal = {BMC Neurology},
abstract = {Few studies have examined cognitive functioning of HIV positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa. It cannot be assumed that HIV positive patients in Africa exhibit the same declines as patients in high-resource settings, since there are differences that may influence cognitive functioning including nutrition, history of concomitant disease, and varying HIV strains, among other possibilities. Part of the difficulty of specifying abnormalities in neuropsychological functioning among African HIV positive patients is that there are no readily available African normative databases. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the pattern of neuropsychological performance in a sample of HIV positive patients in comparison to HIV negative control subjects in Uganda. Methods: The neuropsychological test scores of 110 HIV positive patients (WHO Stage 2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Few studies have examined cognitive functioning of HIV positive patients in sub-Saharan Africa. It cannot be assumed that HIV positive patients in Africa exhibit the same declines as patients in high-resource settings, since there are differences that may influence cognitive functioning including nutrition, history of concomitant disease, and varying HIV strains, among other possibilities. Part of the difficulty of specifying abnormalities in neuropsychological functioning among African HIV positive patients is that there are no readily available African normative databases. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the pattern of neuropsychological performance in a sample of HIV positive patients in comparison to HIV negative control subjects in Uganda. Methods: The neuropsychological test scores of 110 HIV positive patients (WHO Stage 2
1828.
Gratch, Jonathan; Marsella, Stacy C.
The Architectural Role of Emotion in Cognitive Systems Book Section
In: Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.
@incollection{gratch_architectural_2007,
title = {The Architectural Role of Emotion in Cognitive Systems},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20Architectural%20Role%20of%20Emotion%20in%20Cognitive%20Systems.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-03-01},
booktitle = {Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York},
abstract = {In this chapter, we will revive an old argument that theories of human emotion can give insight into the design and control of complex cognitive systems. In particular, we claim that appraisal theories of emotion provide essential insight into the influences of emotion over cognition and can help translate such findings into concrete guidance for the design of cognitive systems. Ap- praisal theory claims that emotion plays a central and functional role in sensing external events, characterizing them as opportunity or threats and recruiting the cognitive, physical and social resources needed to adaptively respond. Further, because it argues for a close association be- tween emotion and cognition, the theoretical claims of appraisal theory can be recast as a re- quirement specification for how to build a cognitive system. This specification asserts a set of judgments that must be supported in order to correctly interpret and respond to stimuli and pro- vides a unifying framework for integrating these judgments into a coherent physical or social re- sponse. This chapter elaborates argument in some detail based on our joint experience in build- ing complex cognitive systems and computational models of emotion.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
In this chapter, we will revive an old argument that theories of human emotion can give insight into the design and control of complex cognitive systems. In particular, we claim that appraisal theories of emotion provide essential insight into the influences of emotion over cognition and can help translate such findings into concrete guidance for the design of cognitive systems. Ap- praisal theory claims that emotion plays a central and functional role in sensing external events, characterizing them as opportunity or threats and recruiting the cognitive, physical and social resources needed to adaptively respond. Further, because it argues for a close association be- tween emotion and cognition, the theoretical claims of appraisal theory can be recast as a re- quirement specification for how to build a cognitive system. This specification asserts a set of judgments that must be supported in order to correctly interpret and respond to stimuli and pro- vides a unifying framework for integrating these judgments into a coherent physical or social re- sponse. This chapter elaborates argument in some detail based on our joint experience in build- ing complex cognitive systems and computational models of emotion.
1829.
Melo, Celso M.; Gratch, Jonathan
Evolving Expression of Emotions through Color in Virtual Humans using Genetic Algorithms Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC-X), pp. 248–257, 2007, ISBN: 978-989-96001-2-6.
@inproceedings{de_melo_evolving_2007,
title = {Evolving Expression of Emotions through Color in Virtual Humans using Genetic Algorithms},
author = {Celso M. Melo and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evolving%20Expression%20of%20Emotions%20through%20Color%20in%20Virtual%20Humans%20using%20Genetic%20Algorithms.pdf},
isbn = {978-989-96001-2-6},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC-X)},
pages = {248–257},
abstract = {For centuries artists have been exploring the formal elements of art (lines, space, mass, light, color, sound, etc.) to express emotions. This paper takes this insight to explore new forms of expression for virtual humans which go beyond the usual bodily, facial and vocal expression channels. In particular, the paper focuses on how to use color to influence the perception of emotions in virtual humans. First, a lighting model and filters are used to manipulate color. Next, an evolutionary model, based on genetic algorithms, is developed to learn novel associations between emotions and color. An experiment is then conducted where non-experts evolve mappings for joy and sadness, without being aware that genetic algorithms are used. In a second experiment, the mappings are analyzed with respect to its features and how general they are. Results indicate that the average fitness increases with each new generation, thus suggesting that people are succeeding in creating novel and useful mappings for the emotions. Moreover, the results show consistent differences between the evolved images of joy and the evolved images of sadness.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
For centuries artists have been exploring the formal elements of art (lines, space, mass, light, color, sound, etc.) to express emotions. This paper takes this insight to explore new forms of expression for virtual humans which go beyond the usual bodily, facial and vocal expression channels. In particular, the paper focuses on how to use color to influence the perception of emotions in virtual humans. First, a lighting model and filters are used to manipulate color. Next, an evolutionary model, based on genetic algorithms, is developed to learn novel associations between emotions and color. An experiment is then conducted where non-experts evolve mappings for joy and sadness, without being aware that genetic algorithms are used. In a second experiment, the mappings are analyzed with respect to its features and how general they are. Results indicate that the average fitness increases with each new generation, thus suggesting that people are succeeding in creating novel and useful mappings for the emotions. Moreover, the results show consistent differences between the evolved images of joy and the evolved images of sadness.
1830.
Zbylut, Michelle L.; Metcalf, Kimberly A.; Kim, Julia; Hill, Randall W.; Rocher, Scott
Army Excellence in Leadership (AXL): A Multimedia Approach to Building Tacit Knowledge and Cultural Reasoning Technical Report
no. Technical Report 1194, 2007.
@techreport{zbylut_army_2007,
title = {Army Excellence in Leadership (AXL): A Multimedia Approach to Building Tacit Knowledge and Cultural Reasoning},
author = {Michelle L. Zbylut and Kimberly A. Metcalf and Julia Kim and Randall W. Hill and Scott Rocher},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Army%20Excellence%20in%20Leadership%20(AXL)-%20A%20Multimedia%20Approach%20to%20Building%20Tacit%20Knowledge%20and%20Cultural%20Reasoning.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
number = {Technical Report 1194},
abstract = {This report presents findings from a preliminary examination of the Army Excellence in Leadership (AXL) system, a leader intervention that targets the development of tacit leadership knowledge and cultural awareness in junior Army officers. Fifty-five junior officers interacted with a pilot version of a cultural awareness module from the AXL system. Results indicated that the AXL approach resulted in improvements in leader judgment on a forced-choice measure. Furthermore, results indicated that cultural issues were more salient to leaders after completion of the cultural awareness module. Reactions to training were generally positive, with officers indicating that the cultural awareness module was useful and stimulated thought. Additionally, this investigation explored the relationship between affect and learning and found that emotional responses to the AXL system were related to learning-relevant variables, such as judgment scores and officer reports that they could apply the training to their activities as a leader.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
This report presents findings from a preliminary examination of the Army Excellence in Leadership (AXL) system, a leader intervention that targets the development of tacit leadership knowledge and cultural awareness in junior Army officers. Fifty-five junior officers interacted with a pilot version of a cultural awareness module from the AXL system. Results indicated that the AXL approach resulted in improvements in leader judgment on a forced-choice measure. Furthermore, results indicated that cultural issues were more salient to leaders after completion of the cultural awareness module. Reactions to training were generally positive, with officers indicating that the cultural awareness module was useful and stimulated thought. Additionally, this investigation explored the relationship between affect and learning and found that emotional responses to the AXL system were related to learning-relevant variables, such as judgment scores and officer reports that they could apply the training to their activities as a leader.
1831.
Buckwalter, John Galen; Geiger, A. M.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Handler, J.; Howes, J.; Lehmer, R. R.
Cognitive Effects of Short-term Use of Raloxifene: A Randomized Clinical Trial Journal Article
In: International Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 117, pp. 1579–1590, 2007.
@article{buckwalter_cognitive_2007,
title = {Cognitive Effects of Short-term Use of Raloxifene: A Randomized Clinical Trial},
author = {John Galen Buckwalter and A. M. Geiger and Thomas D. Parsons and J. Handler and J. Howes and R. R. Lehmer},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Cognitive%20Effects%20of%20Short-term%20Use%20of%20Raloxifene-%20A%20Randomized%20Clinical%20Trial.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience},
volume = {117},
pages = {1579–1590},
abstract = {Two questions regarding findings from the Women's Health Initiative are (1) What is the effect of various hormonal regimens including selective estrogen receptor modulators? and (2) Is the negative effect on cognitive functioning related to the older age (65+years) if the women? This study addresses these two questions in a short-term randomized trial of the effects of raloxifene versus alendronate on cognition. The study found only one significant interaction where the raloxifene and alendronate group changed differently across the two testing occasions. Hence, raloxifene does not have any impact, positive or negative, on short-term cognitive functioning when compared to alendronate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two questions regarding findings from the Women's Health Initiative are (1) What is the effect of various hormonal regimens including selective estrogen receptor modulators? and (2) Is the negative effect on cognitive functioning related to the older age (65+years) if the women? This study addresses these two questions in a short-term randomized trial of the effects of raloxifene versus alendronate on cognition. The study found only one significant interaction where the raloxifene and alendronate group changed differently across the two testing occasions. Hence, raloxifene does not have any impact, positive or negative, on short-term cognitive functioning when compared to alendronate.
1832.
Rizzo, Albert; Graap, Ken; McLay, Robert N.; Perlman, Karen; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Reger, Greg; Parsons, Thomas D.; Difede, JoAnn; Pair, Jarrell
Virtual Iraq: Initial Case Reports from a VR Exposure Therapy Application for Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Journal Article
In: Virtual Rehabilitation, vol. 27, pp. 124–130, 2007.
@article{rizzo_virtual_2007,
title = {Virtual Iraq: Initial Case Reports from a VR Exposure Therapy Application for Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder},
author = {Albert Rizzo and Ken Graap and Robert N. McLay and Karen Perlman and Barbara O. Rothbaum and Greg Reger and Thomas D. Parsons and JoAnn Difede and Jarrell Pair},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Iraq-%20Initial%20Case%20Reports%20from%20a%20VR%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Application%20for%20Combat-Related%20Post%20Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Virtual Rehabilitation},
volume = {27},
pages = {124–130},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application and present initial findings from two successfully treated patients. The VR treatment environment was created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Camp Pendleton and at the San Diego Naval Medical Center and the results from two successfully treated patients are presented along with a delineation of our future plans for research and clinical care using this application.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application and present initial findings from two successfully treated patients. The VR treatment environment was created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Camp Pendleton and at the San Diego Naval Medical Center and the results from two successfully treated patients are presented along with a delineation of our future plans for research and clinical care using this application.
1833.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Rizzo, Albert; Bamattre, Jacob; Brennan, John
Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test Journal Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, 2007.
@article{parsons_virtual_2007,
title = {Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Albert Rizzo and Jacob Bamattre and John Brennan},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Reality%20Cognitive%20Performance%20Assessment%20Test.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
abstract = {Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) is a virtual environment based measure of learning and memory. We examined convergent and discriminant validity and hypothesized that the VRCPAT’s Total Learning and Memory scores would correlate with other neuropsychological measures involving learning and memory, but not with measures involving potential confounds (i.e., Executive Functions; Attention; and Processing Speed). Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 15 minute VRCPAT battery and a 1.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 20 healthy adults that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. That is, findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity that is 1) consistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures involving learning and memory; and 2) inconsistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures assessing neurocognitive domains traditionally assumed to be other than learning and memory. We conclude that the VRCPAT is a valid test that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study memory function within an ecologically valid environment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) is a virtual environment based measure of learning and memory. We examined convergent and discriminant validity and hypothesized that the VRCPAT’s Total Learning and Memory scores would correlate with other neuropsychological measures involving learning and memory, but not with measures involving potential confounds (i.e., Executive Functions; Attention; and Processing Speed). Using a sequential hierarchical strategy, each stage of test development did not proceed until specified criteria were met. The 15 minute VRCPAT battery and a 1.5 hour in-person neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a randomly selected sample of 20 healthy adults that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. Results supported both convergent and discriminant validity. That is, findings suggest that the VRCPAT measures a capacity that is 1) consistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures involving learning and memory; and 2) inconsistent with that assessed by traditional paper and pencil measures assessing neurocognitive domains traditionally assumed to be other than learning and memory. We conclude that the VRCPAT is a valid test that provides a unique opportunity to reliably and efficiently study memory function within an ecologically valid environment.
1834.
Kenny, Patrick G.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Gratch, Jonathan; Leuski, Anton; Rizzo, Albert
Virtual Patients for Clinical Therapist Skills Training Proceedings Article
In: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence; Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA), pp. 197–210, Paris, France, 2007.
@inproceedings{kenny_virtual_2007,
title = {Virtual Patients for Clinical Therapist Skills Training},
author = {Patrick G. Kenny and Thomas D. Parsons and Jonathan Gratch and Anton Leuski and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Patients%20for%20Clinical%20Therapist%20Skills%20Training.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence; Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
volume = {4722},
pages = {197–210},
address = {Paris, France},
abstract = {Virtual humans offer an exciting and powerful potential for rich interactive experiences. Fully embodied virtual humans are growing in capability, ease, and utility. As a result, they present an opportunity for expanding research into burgeoning virtual patient medical applications. In this paper we consider the ways in which one may go about building and applying virtual human technology to the virtual patient domain. Specifically we aim to show that virtual human technology may be used to help develop the interviewing and diagnostics skills of developing clinicians. Herein we proffer a description of our iterative design process and preliminary results to show that virtual patients may be a useful adjunct to psychotherapy education.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Virtual humans offer an exciting and powerful potential for rich interactive experiences. Fully embodied virtual humans are growing in capability, ease, and utility. As a result, they present an opportunity for expanding research into burgeoning virtual patient medical applications. In this paper we consider the ways in which one may go about building and applying virtual human technology to the virtual patient domain. Specifically we aim to show that virtual human technology may be used to help develop the interviewing and diagnostics skills of developing clinicians. Herein we proffer a description of our iterative design process and preliminary results to show that virtual patients may be a useful adjunct to psychotherapy education.
1835.
Gratch, Jonathan; Wang, Ning; Gerten, Jillian; Fast, Edward; Duffy, Robin
Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents Proceedings Article
In: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence; Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA), pp. 125–128, Paris, France, 2007.
@inproceedings{gratch_creating_2007,
title = {Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Ning Wang and Jillian Gerten and Edward Fast and Robin Duffy},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Creating%20Rapport%20with%20Virtual%20Agents.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence; Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
volume = {4722},
pages = {125–128},
address = {Paris, France},
abstract = {Recent research has established the potential for virtual characters to establish rapport with humans through simple contingent nonverbal behaviors. We hypothesized that the contingency, not just the frequency of positive feedback is crucial when it comes to creating rapport. The primary goal in this study was evaluative: can an agent generate behavior that engenders feelings of rapport in human speakers and how does this compare to human generated feedback? A secondary goal was to answer the question: Is contingency (as opposed to frequency) of agent feedback crucial when it comes to creating feelings of rapport? Results suggest that contingency matters when it comes to creating rapport and that agent generated behavior was as good as human listeners in creating rapport. A "virtual human listener" condition performed worse than other conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Recent research has established the potential for virtual characters to establish rapport with humans through simple contingent nonverbal behaviors. We hypothesized that the contingency, not just the frequency of positive feedback is crucial when it comes to creating rapport. The primary goal in this study was evaluative: can an agent generate behavior that engenders feelings of rapport in human speakers and how does this compare to human generated feedback? A secondary goal was to answer the question: Is contingency (as opposed to frequency) of agent feedback crucial when it comes to creating feelings of rapport? Results suggest that contingency matters when it comes to creating rapport and that agent generated behavior was as good as human listeners in creating rapport. A "virtual human listener" condition performed worse than other conditions.
1836.
Yeh, Shih-Ching; Rizzo, Albert; McLaughlin, Margaret; Parsons, Thomas D.
In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol. 125, pp. 506–511, 2007.
@article{yeh_vr_2007,
title = {VR Enhanced Upper Extremity Motor Training for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Task Design, Clinical Experiment and Visualization on Performance and Progress},
author = {Shih-Ching Yeh and Albert Rizzo and Margaret McLaughlin and Thomas D. Parsons},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/VR%20Enhanced%20Upper%20Extremity%20Motor%20Training%20for%20Post-Stroke%20Rehabilitation-%20Task%20Design,%20Clinical%20Experiment%20and%20Visualization%20on%20Performance%20and%20Progress.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
volume = {125},
pages = {506–511},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1837.
Parsons, Thomas D.; Bowerly, Todd; Buckwalter, John Galen; Rizzo, Albert
In: Child Neuropsychology, vol. 13, pp. 363–381, 2007.
@article{parsons_controlled_2007,
title = {A controlled clinical comparison of attention performance in children with ADHD in a virtual reality classroom compared to standard neuropsychological methods},
author = {Thomas D. Parsons and Todd Bowerly and John Galen Buckwalter and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20CONTROLLED%20CLINICAL%20COMPARISON%20OF%20ATTENTION%20PERFORMANCE%20IN%20CHILDREN%20WITH%20ADHD%20IN%20A%20VIRTUAL%20REALITY%20CLASSROOM%20COMPARED%20TO%20STANDARD%20NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL%20METHODS.pdf},
doi = {10.1080/13825580600943473},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Child Neuropsychology},
volume = {13},
pages = {363–381},
abstract = {In this initial pilot study, a controlled clinical comparison was made of attention performance in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a virtual reality (VR) classroom. Ten boys diagnosed with ADHD and ten normal control boys participated in the study. Groups did not significantly differ in mean age, grade level, ethnicity, or handedness. No participants reported simulator sickness following VR exposure. Children with ADHD exhibited more omission errors, commission errors, and overall body movement than normal control children in the VR classroom. Children with ADHD were more impacted by distraction in the VR classroom. VR classroom measures were correlated with traditional ADHD assessment tools and the flatscreen CPT. Of note, the small sample size incorporated in each group and higher WISC-III scores of normal controls might have some bearing on the overall interpretation of results. These data suggested that the Virtual Classroom had good potential for controlled performance assessment within an ecologically valid environment and appeared to parse out significant effects due to the presence of distraction stimuli.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this initial pilot study, a controlled clinical comparison was made of attention performance in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a virtual reality (VR) classroom. Ten boys diagnosed with ADHD and ten normal control boys participated in the study. Groups did not significantly differ in mean age, grade level, ethnicity, or handedness. No participants reported simulator sickness following VR exposure. Children with ADHD exhibited more omission errors, commission errors, and overall body movement than normal control children in the VR classroom. Children with ADHD were more impacted by distraction in the VR classroom. VR classroom measures were correlated with traditional ADHD assessment tools and the flatscreen CPT. Of note, the small sample size incorporated in each group and higher WISC-III scores of normal controls might have some bearing on the overall interpretation of results. These data suggested that the Virtual Classroom had good potential for controlled performance assessment within an ecologically valid environment and appeared to parse out significant effects due to the presence of distraction stimuli.
1838.
Lane, H. Chad
Metacognition and the Development of Intercultural Competence Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning in Intelligent Tutoring Systems at the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED), pp. 23–32, Marina del Rey, CA, 2007.
@inproceedings{lane_metacognition_2007,
title = {Metacognition and the Development of Intercultural Competence},
author = {H. Chad Lane},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Metacognition%20and%20the%20Development%20of%20Intercultural%20Competence.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning in Intelligent Tutoring Systems at the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED)},
pages = {23–32},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
abstract = {We argue that metacognition is a critical component in the development of intercultural competence by highlighting the importance of supporting a learner's self-assessment, self-monitoring, predictive, planning and reflection skills. We also survey several modern immersive cultural learning environments and discuss the role intelligent tutoring and experience management techniques can play to support these metacognitive demands. Techniques for adapting the behaviors of virtual humans to promote cultural learning are discussed, as well as explicit approaches to feedback. We conclude with several suggestions for future research, including the use of existing intercultural development metrics for evaluating learning in immersive environments and to conduct more studies of the use of implicit and explicit feedback to guide learning and establish optimal conditions for acquiring intercultural competence.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We argue that metacognition is a critical component in the development of intercultural competence by highlighting the importance of supporting a learner's self-assessment, self-monitoring, predictive, planning and reflection skills. We also survey several modern immersive cultural learning environments and discuss the role intelligent tutoring and experience management techniques can play to support these metacognitive demands. Techniques for adapting the behaviors of virtual humans to promote cultural learning are discussed, as well as explicit approaches to feedback. We conclude with several suggestions for future research, including the use of existing intercultural development metrics for evaluating learning in immersive environments and to conduct more studies of the use of implicit and explicit feedback to guide learning and establish optimal conditions for acquiring intercultural competence.
1839.
Martinovski, Bilyana; Traum, David; Marsella, Stacy C.
Rejection of empathy in negotiation Journal Article
In: Group Decision and Negotiation, vol. 16, pp. 61–76, 2007, ISSN: 0926-2644.
@article{martinovski_rejection_2007,
title = {Rejection of empathy in negotiation},
author = {Bilyana Martinovski and David Traum and Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Rejection%20of%20empathy%20in%20negotiation.pdf},
issn = {0926-2644},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Group Decision and Negotiation},
volume = {16},
pages = {61–76},
abstract = {Trust is a crucial quality in the development of individuals and societies and empathy plays a key role in the formation of trust. Trust and empathy have growing importance in studies of negotiation. However, empathy can be rejected which complicates its role in negotiation. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of empathy by focusing on rejection of empathy in negotiation. Some of the rejections are due to failed recognition of the rejector's needs and desires whereas others have mainly strategic functions gaining momentum in the negotiation. In both cases, rejection of empathy is a phase in the negotiation not a breakdown.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Trust is a crucial quality in the development of individuals and societies and empathy plays a key role in the formation of trust. Trust and empathy have growing importance in studies of negotiation. However, empathy can be rejected which complicates its role in negotiation. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of empathy by focusing on rejection of empathy in negotiation. Some of the rejections are due to failed recognition of the rejector's needs and desires whereas others have mainly strategic functions gaining momentum in the negotiation. In both cases, rejection of empathy is a phase in the negotiation not a breakdown.
1840.
Miller, Karen J.; Parsons, Thomas D.; Whybrow, Peter C.; Herle, Katja; Rasgon, Natalie; Herle, Andre; Martinez, Dorothy; Silverman, Dan H.; Bauer, Michael
Verbal Memory Retrieval Deficits Associated With Untreated Hypothyroidism Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 132–136, 2007.
@article{miller_verbal_2007,
title = {Verbal Memory Retrieval Deficits Associated With Untreated Hypothyroidism},
author = {Karen J. Miller and Thomas D. Parsons and Peter C. Whybrow and Katja Herle and Natalie Rasgon and Andre Herle and Dorothy Martinez and Dan H. Silverman and Michael Bauer},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Verbal%20Memory%20Retrieval%20Deficits%20Associated%20With%20Untreated%20Hypothyroidism.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {132–136},
abstract = {The effects of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to the brain on adult cognitive function are poorly understood. This study assessed the effects of hypothyroidism on cognitive function using a standard neuropsychological battery in 14 patients suffering from untreated hypothyroidism and complaining of subjective cognitive difï¬culties in comparison with 10 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Signiï¬cant differences between groups were limited to verbal memory retrieval as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). On short delay free recall, long delay free recall, and long delay cued recall, signiï¬cant differences remained between groups despite the limited statistical power of this study. There were no signiï¬cant results found between groups on attentional or nonverbal tasks. Results suggest that hypothyroid-related memory deï¬cits are not attributable to an attentional deï¬cit but rather to speciï¬c retrieval deï¬cits.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The effects of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to the brain on adult cognitive function are poorly understood. This study assessed the effects of hypothyroidism on cognitive function using a standard neuropsychological battery in 14 patients suffering from untreated hypothyroidism and complaining of subjective cognitive difï¬culties in comparison with 10 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Signiï¬cant differences between groups were limited to verbal memory retrieval as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). On short delay free recall, long delay free recall, and long delay cued recall, signiï¬cant differences remained between groups despite the limited statistical power of this study. There were no signiï¬cant results found between groups on attentional or nonverbal tasks. Results suggest that hypothyroid-related memory deï¬cits are not attributable to an attentional deï¬cit but rather to speciï¬c retrieval deï¬cits.
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