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81.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Kazemzadeh, Abe; Nair, Anish; Petrova, Milena
Recognizing Expressions of Commonsense Psychology in English Text Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), Sapporo, Japan, 2003.
@inproceedings{gordon_recognizing_2003,
title = {Recognizing Expressions of Commonsense Psychology in English Text},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Abe Kazemzadeh and Anish Nair and Milena Petrova},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Recognizing%20Expressions%20of%20Commonsense%20Psychology%20in%20English%20Text.PDF},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-07-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
address = {Sapporo, Japan},
abstract = {Many applications of natural language processing technologies involve analyzing texts that concern the psychological states and processes of people, including their beliefs, goals, predictions, explanations, and plans. In this paper, we describe our efforts to create a robust, large-scale lexical-semantic resource for the recognition and classification of expressions of commonsense psychology in English Text. We achieve high levels of precision and recall by hand-authoring sets of local grammars for commonsense psychology concepts, and show that this approach can achieve classification performance greater than that obtained by using machine learning techniques. We demonstrate the utility of this resource for large-scale corpus analysis by identifying references to adversarial and competitive goal in political speeches throughout U.S. history.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Many applications of natural language processing technologies involve analyzing texts that concern the psychological states and processes of people, including their beliefs, goals, predictions, explanations, and plans. In this paper, we describe our efforts to create a robust, large-scale lexical-semantic resource for the recognition and classification of expressions of commonsense psychology in English Text. We achieve high levels of precision and recall by hand-authoring sets of local grammars for commonsense psychology concepts, and show that this approach can achieve classification performance greater than that obtained by using machine learning techniques. We demonstrate the utility of this resource for large-scale corpus analysis by identifying references to adversarial and competitive goal in political speeches throughout U.S. history.
82.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Nair, Anish
Literary Evidence for the Cultural Development of a Theory of Mind Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci), Boston, MA, 2003.
@inproceedings{gordon_literary_2003,
title = {Literary Evidence for the Cultural Development of a Theory of Mind},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Anish Nair},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Literary%20Evidence%20for%20the%20Cultural%20Development%20of%20a%20Theory%20of%20Mind.PDF},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-07-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci)},
address = {Boston, MA},
abstract = {The term Theory of Mind is used within the cognitive sciences to refer to the abilities that people have to reason about their own mental states and the mental states of others. An important question is whether these abilities are culturally acquired or innate to our species. This paper outlines the argument that the mental models that serve as the basis for Theory of Mind abilities are the product of cultural development. To support this thesis, we present evidence gathered from the large-scale automated analysis of text corpora. We show that the Freudian conception of a subconscious desire is a relatively modern addition to our culturally shared Theory of Mind, as evidenced by a shift in the way these ideas appeared in 19th and 20th century English language novels.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The term Theory of Mind is used within the cognitive sciences to refer to the abilities that people have to reason about their own mental states and the mental states of others. An important question is whether these abilities are culturally acquired or innate to our species. This paper outlines the argument that the mental models that serve as the basis for Theory of Mind abilities are the product of cultural development. To support this thesis, we present evidence gathered from the large-scale automated analysis of text corpora. We show that the Freudian conception of a subconscious desire is a relatively modern addition to our culturally shared Theory of Mind, as evidenced by a shift in the way these ideas appeared in 19th and 20th century English language novels.
83.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Iuppa, Nicholas
Experience Management Using Storyline Adaptation Strategies Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Technologies for Digital Storytelling and Entertainment, Darmstadt, Germany, 2003.
@inproceedings{gordon_experience_2003,
title = {Experience Management Using Storyline Adaptation Strategies},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Nicholas Iuppa},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Experience%20Management%20Using%20Storyline%20Adaptation%20Strategies.PDF},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-03-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Technologies for Digital Storytelling and Entertainment},
address = {Darmstadt, Germany},
abstract = {The central problem of creating interactive drama is structuring a media experience for participants such that a good story is presented while enabling a high degree of meaningful interactivity. This paper presents a new approach to interactive drama, where pre-authored storylines are made interactive by adapting them at run-time by applying strategies that react to unexpected user behavior. The approach, called Experience Management, relies heavily on the explication of a broad range of adaptation strategies and a means of selecting which strategy is most appropriate given a particular story context. We describe a formal approach to storyline representation to enable the selection of applicable strategies, and a strategy formalization that allows for storyline modification. Finally, we discuss the application of this approach in the context of a story-based training system for military leadership skills, and the direction for continuing research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The central problem of creating interactive drama is structuring a media experience for participants such that a good story is presented while enabling a high degree of meaningful interactivity. This paper presents a new approach to interactive drama, where pre-authored storylines are made interactive by adapting them at run-time by applying strategies that react to unexpected user behavior. The approach, called Experience Management, relies heavily on the explication of a broad range of adaptation strategies and a means of selecting which strategy is most appropriate given a particular story context. We describe a formal approach to storyline representation to enable the selection of applicable strategies, and a strategy formalization that allows for storyline modification. Finally, we discuss the application of this approach in the context of a story-based training system for military leadership skills, and the direction for continuing research.
84.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Hobbs, Jerry R.
Coverage and Competency in Formal Theories: A Commonsense Theory of Memory Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Stanford University, 2003.
@inproceedings{gordon_coverage_2003,
title = {Coverage and Competency in Formal Theories: A Commonsense Theory of Memory},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Jerry R. Hobbs},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Coverage%20and%20Competency%20in%20Formal%20Theories-%20A%20Commonsense%20Theory%20of%20Memory.PDF},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-03-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 AAAI Spring Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning},
address = {Stanford University},
abstract = {The utility of formal theories of commonsense reasoning will depend both on their competency in solving problems and on their concemptual coverage. We argue that the problems of coverage and competency can be decoupled and solved with different methods for a given commonsense domain. We describe a methodology for identifying the coverage requirements of theories through the large-sclae analysis of planning strategies, with further refinements made by collecting and categorizing instances of natural language expressions pertaining to the domain. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology in identifying the representational coverage requirements of theories of the commonsense psychology of human memory. We then apply traditional methods of formalization to produce a formal first-order theory of commonsense memory with a high degree of competency and coverage.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The utility of formal theories of commonsense reasoning will depend both on their competency in solving problems and on their concemptual coverage. We argue that the problems of coverage and competency can be decoupled and solved with different methods for a given commonsense domain. We describe a methodology for identifying the coverage requirements of theories through the large-sclae analysis of planning strategies, with further refinements made by collecting and categorizing instances of natural language expressions pertaining to the domain. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology in identifying the representational coverage requirements of theories of the commonsense psychology of human memory. We then apply traditional methods of formalization to produce a formal first-order theory of commonsense memory with a high degree of competency and coverage.
85.
Gordon, Andrew S.
The Theory of Mind in Strategy Representations Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, George Mason University, 2002.
@inproceedings{gordon_theory_2002,
title = {The Theory of Mind in Strategy Representations},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20Theory%20of%20Mind%20in%20Strategy%20Representations.PDF},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-08-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci)},
publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
address = {George Mason University},
abstract = {Many scientific fields continue to explore cognition related to Theory of Mind abilities, where people reason about the mental states of themselves and others. Experimental and theoretical approaches to this problem have largely avoided issues concerning the contents of representations employed in this class of reasoning. In this paper, we describe a new approach to the investigation of representations related to Theory of Mind abilities that is based on the analysis of commonsense strategies. We argue that because the mental representations of strategies must include concepts of mental states and processes, the large-scale analysis of strategies can be informative of the representational scope of Theory of Mind abilities. The results of an analysis of this sort are presented as a description of thirty representational areas that organize the breadth of Theory of Mind concepts. Implications for Theory Theories and Simulation Theories of Theory of Mind reasoning are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Many scientific fields continue to explore cognition related to Theory of Mind abilities, where people reason about the mental states of themselves and others. Experimental and theoretical approaches to this problem have largely avoided issues concerning the contents of representations employed in this class of reasoning. In this paper, we describe a new approach to the investigation of representations related to Theory of Mind abilities that is based on the analysis of commonsense strategies. We argue that because the mental representations of strategies must include concepts of mental states and processes, the large-scale analysis of strategies can be informative of the representational scope of Theory of Mind abilities. The results of an analysis of this sort are presented as a description of thirty representational areas that organize the breadth of Theory of Mind concepts. Implications for Theory Theories and Simulation Theories of Theory of Mind reasoning are discussed.
86.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Lent, Michael
Virtual Humans as Participants vs. Virtual Humans as Actors Proceedings Article
In: AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment, Stanford University, 2002.
@inproceedings{gordon_virtual_2002,
title = {Virtual Humans as Participants vs. Virtual Humans as Actors},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Michael Lent},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Humans%20as%20Participants%20vs%20Virtual%20Humans%20as%20Actors.PDF},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-03-01},
booktitle = {AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment},
address = {Stanford University},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
87.
Gordon, Andrew S.
Enabling and recognizing strategic play in strategy games: Lessons from Sun Tzu Proceedings Article
In: The 2002 AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment, Stanford University, 2002.
@inproceedings{gordon_enabling_2002,
title = {Enabling and recognizing strategic play in strategy games: Lessons from Sun Tzu},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Enabling%20and%20recognizing%20strategic%20play%20in%20strategy%20games-%20Lessons%20from%20Sun%20Tzu.PDF},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-03-01},
booktitle = {The 2002 AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment},
address = {Stanford University},
abstract = {The interactive entertainment genre of the strategy game entertains users by allowing them to engage in strategic play, which should encourage game designers to devote development efforts toward facilitating users that wish to employ commonsense strategies, and to recognize and react to specific user strategies during game play. This paper attempts to facilitate these development efforts by identifying and analyzing 43 strategies from Sun Tzu's The Art of War, which are broadly applicable across games in the strategy game genre. For each strategy, a set of specific actions are identified that should be provided to users to enable their execution, along with generalized recognition rules that can facilitatethe design of entertaining responses to users' strategic behavior. Consideration of how the enabling actions could be incorporated into an existing strategy game is provided.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The interactive entertainment genre of the strategy game entertains users by allowing them to engage in strategic play, which should encourage game designers to devote development efforts toward facilitating users that wish to employ commonsense strategies, and to recognize and react to specific user strategies during game play. This paper attempts to facilitate these development efforts by identifying and analyzing 43 strategies from Sun Tzu's The Art of War, which are broadly applicable across games in the strategy game genre. For each strategy, a set of specific actions are identified that should be provided to users to enable their execution, along with generalized recognition rules that can facilitatethe design of entertaining responses to users' strategic behavior. Consideration of how the enabling actions could be incorporated into an existing strategy game is provided.
88.
Gordon, Andrew S.
Browsing Image Collections with Representations of Commonsense Activities Journal Article
In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 925–929, 2001.
@article{gordon_browsing_2001,
title = {Browsing Image Collections with Representations of Commonsense Activities},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Browsing%20Image%20Collections%20with%20Representations%20of%20Commonsense%20Activities.PDF},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
volume = {52},
number = {11},
pages = {925–929},
abstract = {To support browsing-based subject access to image collections, it is necessary to provide users with networks of subject terms that are organized in an intuitive, richly interconnected manner. A principled approach to this task is to organize the subject terms by their relationship to activity contexts that are commonly understood among users. This article describes a methodology for creating networks of subject terms by manually representing a large number of common-sense activities that are broadly related to image subject terms. The application of this methodology to the Library of Congress Thesaurus for Graphic Materials produced 768 representations that supported users of a prototype browsing-based retrieval system in searching large, indexed photograph collections.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
To support browsing-based subject access to image collections, it is necessary to provide users with networks of subject terms that are organized in an intuitive, richly interconnected manner. A principled approach to this task is to organize the subject terms by their relationship to activity contexts that are commonly understood among users. This article describes a methodology for creating networks of subject terms by manually representing a large number of common-sense activities that are broadly related to image subject terms. The application of this methodology to the Library of Congress Thesaurus for Graphic Materials produced 768 representations that supported users of a prototype browsing-based retrieval system in searching large, indexed photograph collections.
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