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61.
McAlinden, Ryan; Gordon, Andrew S.; Lane, H. Chad; Pynadath, David V.
UrbanSim: A Game-based Simulation for Counterinsurgency and Stability-focused Operations Proceedings Article
In: Workshop on Intelligent Educational Games, 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Brighton, UK, 2009.
@inproceedings{mcalinden_urbansim_2009,
title = {UrbanSim: A Game-based Simulation for Counterinsurgency and Stability-focused Operations},
author = {Ryan McAlinden and Andrew S. Gordon and H. Chad Lane and David V. Pynadath},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/UrbanSim-%20A%20Game-based%20Simulation%20for%20Counterinsurgency%20and%20Stability-focused%20Operations.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-07-01},
booktitle = {Workshop on Intelligent Educational Games, 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education},
address = {Brighton, UK},
abstract = {The UrbanSim Learning Package is a simulation-based training application designed for the U.S. Army to develop commanders' skills for conducting counterinsurgency operations. UrbanSim incorporates multiple artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in order to provide an effective training experience, three of which are described in this paper. First, UrbanSim simulates the mental attitudes and actions of groups and individuals in an urban environment using the PsychSim reasoning engine. Second, UrbanSim interjects narrative elements into the training experience using a case-based story engine, driven by non-fiction stories told by experienced commanders. Third, UrbanSim provides intelligent tutoring using a simulation-based method for eliciting and evaluating learner decisions. UrbanSim represents a confluence of AI techniques that seek to bridge the gap between basic research and deployed AI systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The UrbanSim Learning Package is a simulation-based training application designed for the U.S. Army to develop commanders' skills for conducting counterinsurgency operations. UrbanSim incorporates multiple artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in order to provide an effective training experience, three of which are described in this paper. First, UrbanSim simulates the mental attitudes and actions of groups and individuals in an urban environment using the PsychSim reasoning engine. Second, UrbanSim interjects narrative elements into the training experience using a case-based story engine, driven by non-fiction stories told by experienced commanders. Third, UrbanSim provides intelligent tutoring using a simulation-based method for eliciting and evaluating learner decisions. UrbanSim represents a confluence of AI techniques that seek to bridge the gap between basic research and deployed AI systems.
62.
Kim, Julia; Hill, Randall W.; Durlach, Paula; Lane, H. Chad; Forbell, Eric; Core, Mark; Marsella, Stacy C.; Pynadath, David V.; Hart, John
BiLAT: A Game-Based Environment for Practicing Negotiation in a Cultural Context Journal Article
In: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, vol. 19, no. Issue on Ill-Defined Domains, pp. 289–308, 2009.
@article{kim_bilat_2009,
title = {BiLAT: A Game-Based Environment for Practicing Negotiation in a Cultural Context},
author = {Julia Kim and Randall W. Hill and Paula Durlach and H. Chad Lane and Eric Forbell and Mark Core and Stacy C. Marsella and David V. Pynadath and John Hart},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/BiLAT-%20A%20Game-Based%20Environment%20for%20Practicing%20Negotiation%20in%20a%20Cultural%20Context.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education},
volume = {19},
number = {Issue on Ill-Defined Domains},
pages = {289–308},
abstract = {Negotiation skills are essential in everyday life, whether in a professional or personal context. Negotiation enables two parties to address misunderstandings and avoid conflicts through an exchange that depends as much on the interpersonal skills of the negotiators as the tactics employed. Acquiring these skills requires not only sound conceptual knowledge but also practice and mentoring. This paper describes the BiLAT game-based simulation and tutoring system developed to provide students, initially United States Army soldiers, with an environment to practice preparing for and conducting bilateral negotiations. We describe the models that were created to implement BiLAT, with a particular focus on the challenge of designing for and tutoring in the ill-defined domain of negotiation. An initial assessment of the training effectiveness of the system indicates significant situation-judgment gains by novices.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Negotiation skills are essential in everyday life, whether in a professional or personal context. Negotiation enables two parties to address misunderstandings and avoid conflicts through an exchange that depends as much on the interpersonal skills of the negotiators as the tactics employed. Acquiring these skills requires not only sound conceptual knowledge but also practice and mentoring. This paper describes the BiLAT game-based simulation and tutoring system developed to provide students, initially United States Army soldiers, with an environment to practice preparing for and conducting bilateral negotiations. We describe the models that were created to implement BiLAT, with a particular focus on the challenge of designing for and tutoring in the ill-defined domain of negotiation. An initial assessment of the training effectiveness of the system indicates significant situation-judgment gains by novices.
63.
McAlinden, Ryan; Gordon, Andrew S.; Lane, H. Chad; Hart, John; Durlach, Paula
UrbanSim: A game-based instructional package for conducting counterinsurgency operations Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 26th Army Science Conference, Orlando, FL, 2008.
@inproceedings{mcalinden_urbansim_2008,
title = {UrbanSim: A game-based instructional package for conducting counterinsurgency operations},
author = {Ryan McAlinden and Andrew S. Gordon and H. Chad Lane and John Hart and Paula Durlach},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/UrbanSim-%20A%20game-based%20instructional%20package%20for%20conducting%20counterinsurgency%20operations.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-12-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th Army Science Conference},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom have identified the need for instructional and training solutions that develop the skills of Battalion and Brigade Commanders in formulating situational understanding in order to successfully lead operations in a counterinsurgency environment. In this paper we describe the UrbanSim Learning Package, a game-based instructional software suite for Commanders and their staffs for directing and coordinating full-spectrum operations where the stability component is predominant. We describe a formal instructional design approach to the development of this instructional software, which consists of a component that introduces key concepts in counterinsurgency operations and a component that allows students to develop their skills in a simulated counterinsurgency environment. We describe how intelligent automated tutoring is used to provide formative feedback to students in the practice environment, and discuss our approach to student performance assessment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom have identified the need for instructional and training solutions that develop the skills of Battalion and Brigade Commanders in formulating situational understanding in order to successfully lead operations in a counterinsurgency environment. In this paper we describe the UrbanSim Learning Package, a game-based instructional software suite for Commanders and their staffs for directing and coordinating full-spectrum operations where the stability component is predominant. We describe a formal instructional design approach to the development of this instructional software, which consists of a component that introduces key concepts in counterinsurgency operations and a component that allows students to develop their skills in a simulated counterinsurgency environment. We describe how intelligent automated tutoring is used to provide formative feedback to students in the practice environment, and discuss our approach to student performance assessment.
64.
Solomon, Steve; Lent, Michael; Core, Mark; Carpenter, Paul; Rosenberg, Milton
A Language for Modeling Cultural Norms, Biases and Stereotypes for Human Behavior Models Technical Report
2008.
@techreport{solomon_language_2008,
title = {A Language for Modeling Cultural Norms, Biases and Stereotypes for Human Behavior Models},
author = {Steve Solomon and Michael Lent and Mark Core and Paul Carpenter and Milton Rosenberg},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Language%20for%20Modeling%20Cultural%20Norms,%20Biases%20and%20Stereotypes%20for%20Human%20Behavior%20Models.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-04-01},
abstract = {Increasingly, the military has requirements for teaching cultural awareness, which demands flexible representations of cultural knowledge. The Culturally-Affected Behavior project seeks to define a language for encoding ethnographic data in order to capture cultural knowledge and use that knowledge to affect human behavior models. Having anthropologists encode ethnographic data will validate the language and will result in a library of culture models for immersive training.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Increasingly, the military has requirements for teaching cultural awareness, which demands flexible representations of cultural knowledge. The Culturally-Affected Behavior project seeks to define a language for encoding ethnographic data in order to capture cultural knowledge and use that knowledge to affect human behavior models. Having anthropologists encode ethnographic data will validate the language and will result in a library of culture models for immersive training.
65.
Core, Mark; Traum, David; Lane, H. Chad; Swartout, William; Marsella, Stacy C.; Gratch, Jonathan; Lent, Michael
Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans Journal Article
In: Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation, vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 685–701, 2006.
@article{core_teaching_2006,
title = {Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans},
author = {Mark Core and David Traum and H. Chad Lane and William Swartout and Stacy C. Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Michael Lent},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Teaching%20Negotiation%20Skills.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
journal = {Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation},
volume = {82},
number = {11},
pages = {685–701},
abstract = {Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of virtual humans with rich mental models (e.g., including emotions, trust) that interact through conversational as well as physical behaviors. The motivation for such simulations is training soft skills such as leadership, cultural awareness, and negotiation, where the majority of actions are conversational, and the problem solving involves consideration of the emotions, attitudes, and desires of others.The educational power of such simulations can be enhanced by the integration of an intelligent tutoring system to support learners� understanding of the effect of their actions on virtual humans and how they might improve their performance. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build such virtual humans, along with an accompanying intelligent tutor, for the domain of negotiation and cultural awareness.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of virtual humans with rich mental models (e.g., including emotions, trust) that interact through conversational as well as physical behaviors. The motivation for such simulations is training soft skills such as leadership, cultural awareness, and negotiation, where the majority of actions are conversational, and the problem solving involves consideration of the emotions, attitudes, and desires of others.The educational power of such simulations can be enhanced by the integration of an intelligent tutoring system to support learners� understanding of the effect of their actions on virtual humans and how they might improve their performance. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build such virtual humans, along with an accompanying intelligent tutor, for the domain of negotiation and cultural awareness.
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