Publications
Search
2061.
Traum, David; Rickel, Jeff; Gratch, Jonathan; Marsella, Stacy C.
Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pp. 441–448, Melbourne, Australia, 2003.
@inproceedings{traum_negotiation_2003,
title = {Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training},
author = {David Traum and Jeff Rickel and Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Negotiation%20over%20Tasks%20in%20Hybrid%20Human-Agent%20Teams%20for%20Simulation-Based%20Training.pdf},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
pages = {441–448},
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
abstract = {The effectiveness of simulation-based training for individual tasks – such as piloting skills – is well established, but its use for team training raises challenging technical issues. Ideally, human users could gain valuable leadership experience by interacting with synthetic teammates in realistic and potentially stressful scenarios. However, creating human-like teammates that can support flexible, natural interactions with humans and other synthetic agents requires integrating a wide variety of capabilities, including models of teamwork, models of human negotiation, and the ability to participate in face-to-face spoken conversations in virtual worlds. We have developed such virtual humans by integrating and extending prior work in these areas, and we have applied our virtual humans to an example peacekeeping training scenario to guide and evaluate our research. Our models allow agents to reason about authority and responsibility for individual actions in a team task and, as appropriate, to carry out actions, give and accept orders, monitor task execution, and negotiate options. Negotiation is guided by the agents' dynamic assessment of alternative actions given the current scenario conditions, with the aim of guiding the human user towards an ability to make similar assessments.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The effectiveness of simulation-based training for individual tasks – such as piloting skills – is well established, but its use for team training raises challenging technical issues. Ideally, human users could gain valuable leadership experience by interacting with synthetic teammates in realistic and potentially stressful scenarios. However, creating human-like teammates that can support flexible, natural interactions with humans and other synthetic agents requires integrating a wide variety of capabilities, including models of teamwork, models of human negotiation, and the ability to participate in face-to-face spoken conversations in virtual worlds. We have developed such virtual humans by integrating and extending prior work in these areas, and we have applied our virtual humans to an example peacekeeping training scenario to guide and evaluate our research. Our models allow agents to reason about authority and responsibility for individual actions in a team task and, as appropriate, to carry out actions, give and accept orders, monitor task execution, and negotiate options. Negotiation is guided by the agents' dynamic assessment of alternative actions given the current scenario conditions, with the aim of guiding the human user towards an ability to make similar assessments.
2062.
Habash, Nizar; Dorr, Bonnie; Traum, David
Hybrid Natural Language Generation from Lexical Conceptual Structures Journal Article
In: Machine Translation, vol. 18, pp. 81–127, 2003.
@article{habash_hybrid_2003,
title = {Hybrid Natural Language Generation from Lexical Conceptual Structures},
author = {Nizar Habash and Bonnie Dorr and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Hybrid%20Natural%20Language%20Generation%20from%20Lexical%20%20Conceptual%20Structures.pdf},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Machine Translation},
volume = {18},
pages = {81–127},
abstract = {This paper describes Lexogen, a system for generating natural-language sentences from Lexical Conceptual Structure, an interlingual representation. The system has been developed as part of a Chinese–English Machine Translation (MT) system; however, it is designed to be used for many other MT language pairs and natural language applications. The contributions of this work include: (1) development of a large-scale Hybrid Natural Language Generation system with language-independent components; (2) enhancements to an interlingual representation and asso- ciated algorithm for generation from ambiguous input; (3) development of an efficient reusable language-independent linearization module with a grammar description language that can be used with other systems; (4) improvements to an earlier algorithm for hierarchically mapping thematic roles to surface positions; and (5) development of a diagnostic tool for lexicon coverage and correct- ness and use of the tool for verification of English, Spanish, and Chinese lexicons. An evaluation of Chinese–English translation quality shows comparable performance with a commercial translation system. The generation system can also be extended to other languages and this is demonstrated and evaluated for Spanish.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes Lexogen, a system for generating natural-language sentences from Lexical Conceptual Structure, an interlingual representation. The system has been developed as part of a Chinese–English Machine Translation (MT) system; however, it is designed to be used for many other MT language pairs and natural language applications. The contributions of this work include: (1) development of a large-scale Hybrid Natural Language Generation system with language-independent components; (2) enhancements to an interlingual representation and asso- ciated algorithm for generation from ambiguous input; (3) development of an efficient reusable language-independent linearization module with a grammar description language that can be used with other systems; (4) improvements to an earlier algorithm for hierarchically mapping thematic roles to surface positions; and (5) development of a diagnostic tool for lexicon coverage and correct- ness and use of the tool for verification of English, Spanish, and Chinese lexicons. An evaluation of Chinese–English translation quality shows comparable performance with a commercial translation system. The generation system can also be extended to other languages and this is demonstrated and evaluated for Spanish.
2063.
Martinovski, Bilyana; Traum, David
The Error Is the Clue: Breakdown In Human-Machine Interaction Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop International Speech Communication Association, Switzerland, 2003.
@inproceedings{martinovski_error_2003,
title = {The Error Is the Clue: Breakdown In Human-Machine Interaction},
author = {Bilyana Martinovski and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20Error%20Is%20the%20Clue-%20Breakdown%20In%20Human-Machine%20Interaction.pdf},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop International Speech Communication Association},
address = {Switzerland},
abstract = {This paper focuses not on the detection and correction of specific errors in the interaction between machines and humans, but rather cases of massive deviation from the user's conversational expectations and desires. This can be the result of too many or too unusual errors, but also from dialogue strategies disigned to minimize error, which make the interaction unnatutal in other ways. We study causes of irritation such as over-fragmentation, over-clarity, over-coordination, over-directedness, and repetiveness of verbal action, syntax, and intonation. Human reations to these irritating features typically appear in the following order: tiredness, tolerance, anger, confusion, irony, humor, exhaustion, uncertainty, lack of desire to communicate. The studied features of human expressions of irritation in non-face-to-face interaction are: intonation, emphatic speech, elliptic speech, speed of speech, extra-linguistic signs, speed of verbal action, and overlap.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper focuses not on the detection and correction of specific errors in the interaction between machines and humans, but rather cases of massive deviation from the user's conversational expectations and desires. This can be the result of too many or too unusual errors, but also from dialogue strategies disigned to minimize error, which make the interaction unnatutal in other ways. We study causes of irritation such as over-fragmentation, over-clarity, over-coordination, over-directedness, and repetiveness of verbal action, syntax, and intonation. Human reations to these irritating features typically appear in the following order: tiredness, tolerance, anger, confusion, irony, humor, exhaustion, uncertainty, lack of desire to communicate. The studied features of human expressions of irritation in non-face-to-face interaction are: intonation, emphatic speech, elliptic speech, speed of speech, extra-linguistic signs, speed of verbal action, and overlap.
2064.
Unger, J.; Wenger, Andreas; Hawkins, Tim; Gardner, Andrew; Debevec, Paul
Capturing and Rendering With Incident Light Fields Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering, 2003.
@inproceedings{unger_capturing_2003,
title = {Capturing and Rendering With Incident Light Fields},
author = {J. Unger and Andreas Wenger and Tim Hawkins and Andrew Gardner and Paul Debevec},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Capturing%20and%20Rendering%20With%20Incident%20Light%20Fields.pdf},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering},
abstract = {This paper presents a process for capturing spatially and directionally varying illumination from a real-world scene and using this lighting to illuminate computer-generated objects. We use two devices for capturing such illumination. In the first we photograph an array of mirrored spheres in high dynamic range to capture the spatially varying illumination. In the second, we obtain higher resolution data by capturing images with an high dynamic range omnidirectional camera as it traverses across a plane. For both methods we apply the light field technique to extrapolate the incident illumination to a volume. We render computer-generated objects as illuminated by this captured illumination using a custom shader within an existing global illumination rendering system. To demonstrate our technique we capture several spatially-varying lighting environments with spotlights, shadows, and dappled lighting and use them to illuminate synthetic scenes. We also show comparisons to real objects under the same illumination.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper presents a process for capturing spatially and directionally varying illumination from a real-world scene and using this lighting to illuminate computer-generated objects. We use two devices for capturing such illumination. In the first we photograph an array of mirrored spheres in high dynamic range to capture the spatially varying illumination. In the second, we obtain higher resolution data by capturing images with an high dynamic range omnidirectional camera as it traverses across a plane. For both methods we apply the light field technique to extrapolate the incident illumination to a volume. We render computer-generated objects as illuminated by this captured illumination using a custom shader within an existing global illumination rendering system. To demonstrate our technique we capture several spatially-varying lighting environments with spotlights, shadows, and dappled lighting and use them to illuminate synthetic scenes. We also show comparisons to real objects under the same illumination.
2065.
Moore, Benjamin
QuBit Documentation Technical Report
University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies Marina del Rey, CA, no. ICT TR 01.2003, 2003.
@techreport{moore_qubit_2003,
title = {QuBit Documentation},
author = {Benjamin Moore},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/QuBit%20Documentation.pdf},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
number = {ICT TR 01.2003},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
institution = {University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
2066.
Bharitkar, Sunil; Kyriakakis, Chris
Robustness of Spatial Averaging Equalization Methods: A Statistical Approach Proceedings Article
In: IEEE 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, 2002.
@inproceedings{bharitkar_robustness_2002-1,
title = {Robustness of Spatial Averaging Equalization Methods: A Statistical Approach},
author = {Sunil Bharitkar and Chris Kyriakakis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Robustness%20of%20Spatial%20Averaging%20Equalization%20Methods-%20A%20Statistical%20Approach.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-11-01},
booktitle = {IEEE 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers},
address = {Pacific Grove, CA},
abstract = {Traditionally, room response equalization is performed to improve sound quality at a given listener. However, room responses vary with source and listener positions. Hence, in a multiple listener environment, equalization may be performed through spatial averaging of room responses. However, the performance of averaging based equalization, at the listeners, may be affected when listener positions change. In this paper, we present a statistical approach to map variations in listener positions to performance of spatial averaging based equalization. The results indicate that, for the analyzed listener conï¬gurations, the zone of equalization depends on distance of microphones from a source and the frequencies in the sound.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Traditionally, room response equalization is performed to improve sound quality at a given listener. However, room responses vary with source and listener positions. Hence, in a multiple listener environment, equalization may be performed through spatial averaging of room responses. However, the performance of averaging based equalization, at the listeners, may be affected when listener positions change. In this paper, we present a statistical approach to map variations in listener positions to performance of spatial averaging based equalization. The results indicate that, for the analyzed listener conï¬gurations, the zone of equalization depends on distance of microphones from a source and the frequencies in the sound.
2067.
Bharitkar, Sunil; Kyriakakis, Chris
Perceptual Multiple Location Equalization with Clustering Proceedings Article
In: IEEE 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, 2002.
@inproceedings{bharitkar_perceptual_2002,
title = {Perceptual Multiple Location Equalization with Clustering},
author = {Sunil Bharitkar and Chris Kyriakakis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Perceptual%20Multiple%20Location%20Equalization%20with%20Clustering.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-11-01},
booktitle = {IEEE 36th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers},
address = {Pacific Grove, CA},
abstract = {Typically, room equalization techniques do not focus on designing ï¬lters that equalize the room transfer functions on perceptually relevant spectral features. In this paper we address the problem of room equalization for multiple listeners, simultaneously, using a perceptually designed equalization ï¬lter based on pattern recognition techniques. Some features of the proposed ï¬lter are, its ability to perform simultaneous equalization at multiple locations, a reduced order, and a psychoacoustically motivated design. In summary, the simultaneous multiple location equalization, using a pattern recognition method, is performed over perceptually relevant spectral components derived from the auditory ï¬ltering mechanism.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Typically, room equalization techniques do not focus on designing ï¬lters that equalize the room transfer functions on perceptually relevant spectral features. In this paper we address the problem of room equalization for multiple listeners, simultaneously, using a perceptually designed equalization ï¬lter based on pattern recognition techniques. Some features of the proposed ï¬lter are, its ability to perform simultaneous equalization at multiple locations, a reduced order, and a psychoacoustically motivated design. In summary, the simultaneous multiple location equalization, using a pattern recognition method, is performed over perceptually relevant spectral components derived from the auditory ï¬ltering mechanism.
2068.
Bharitkar, Sunil; Hilmes, Philip; Kyriakakis, Chris
Robustness of Multiple Listener Equalization With Magnitude Response Averaging Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Audio Engineering Society Convention, Los Angeles, CA, 2002.
@inproceedings{bharitkar_robustness_2002,
title = {Robustness of Multiple Listener Equalization With Magnitude Response Averaging},
author = {Sunil Bharitkar and Philip Hilmes and Chris Kyriakakis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Robustness%20of%20Multiple%20Listener%20Equalization%20With%20Magnitude%20Response%20Averaging.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-10-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Audio Engineering Society Convention},
address = {Los Angeles, CA},
abstract = {Traditionally, room response equalization is performed to improve sound quality at a given listener. However, room responses vary with source and listener positions. Hence, in a multiple listener environment, equalization may be performed through spatial averaging of magnitude responses at locations of interest. However, the performance of averaging based equalization, at the listeners, may be a!ected when listener positions change. In this paper, we present a statistical approach to map variations in listener positions to a performance metric of equalization for magnitude response averaging. The results indicate that, for the analyzed listener conï¬gurations, the zone of equalization depends on distance of microphones from a source and the frequencies in the sound.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Traditionally, room response equalization is performed to improve sound quality at a given listener. However, room responses vary with source and listener positions. Hence, in a multiple listener environment, equalization may be performed through spatial averaging of magnitude responses at locations of interest. However, the performance of averaging based equalization, at the listeners, may be a!ected when listener positions change. In this paper, we present a statistical approach to map variations in listener positions to a performance metric of equalization for magnitude response averaging. The results indicate that, for the analyzed listener conï¬gurations, the zone of equalization depends on distance of microphones from a source and the frequencies in the sound.
2069.
Georgiou, Panayiotis G.; Kyriakakis, Chris
An Alternative Model for Sound Signals Encountered in Reverberant Environments; Robust Maximum Likelihood Localization and Parameter Estimation Based on a Sub-Gaussian Model Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Audio Engineering Society Convention, Los Angeles, CA, 2002.
@inproceedings{georgiou_alternative_2002,
title = {An Alternative Model for Sound Signals Encountered in Reverberant Environments; Robust Maximum Likelihood Localization and Parameter Estimation Based on a Sub-Gaussian Model},
author = {Panayiotis G. Georgiou and Chris Kyriakakis},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/An%20Alternative%20Model%20for%20Sound%20Signals%20Encountered%20in%20Reverberant%20Environments%3b%20Robust%20Maximum%20Likelihood%20Localization%20and%20Parameter%20Estimation%20Based%20on%20a%20Sub-Gaussian%20Model.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-10-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Audio Engineering Society Convention},
address = {Los Angeles, CA},
abstract = {In this paper we investigate an alternative to the Gaussian density for modeling signals encountered in audio environments. The observation that sound signals are impulsive in nature, combined with the reverberation e!ects commonly encountered in audio, motivates the use of the Sub-Gaussian density. The new Sub-Gaussian statistical model and the separable solution of its Maximum Likelihood estimator are derived. These are used in an array scenario to demonstrate with both simulations and two different microphone arrays the achievable performance gains. The simulations exhibit the robustness of the sub-Gaussian based method while the real world experiments reveal a signiï¬cant performance gain, supporting the claim that the sub-Gaussian model is better suited for sound signals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper we investigate an alternative to the Gaussian density for modeling signals encountered in audio environments. The observation that sound signals are impulsive in nature, combined with the reverberation e!ects commonly encountered in audio, motivates the use of the Sub-Gaussian density. The new Sub-Gaussian statistical model and the separable solution of its Maximum Likelihood estimator are derived. These are used in an array scenario to demonstrate with both simulations and two different microphone arrays the achievable performance gains. The simulations exhibit the robustness of the sub-Gaussian based method while the real world experiments reveal a signiï¬cant performance gain, supporting the claim that the sub-Gaussian model is better suited for sound signals.
2070.
Johnson, W. Lewis; Narayanan, Shrikanth; Whitney, Richard; Das, Rajat; Labore, Catherine
Limited Domain Synthesis of Expressive Military Speech for Animated Characters Proceedings Article
In: IEEE 2002 Workshop on Speech Synthesis, 2002.
@inproceedings{johnson_limited_2002,
title = {Limited Domain Synthesis of Expressive Military Speech for Animated Characters},
author = {W. Lewis Johnson and Shrikanth Narayanan and Richard Whitney and Rajat Das and Catherine Labore},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Limited%20Domain%20Synthesis%20of%20Expressive%20Military%20Speech%20for%20Animated%20Characters.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-09-01},
booktitle = {IEEE 2002 Workshop on Speech Synthesis},
abstract = {Text-to-speech synthesis can play an important role in interactive education and training applications, as voices for animated agents. Such agents need high-quality voices capable of expressing intent and emotion. This paper presents preliminary results in an effort aimed at synthesizing expressive military speech for training applications. Such speech has acoustic and prosodic characteristics that can differ markedly from ordinary conversational speech. A limited domain synthesis approach is used employing samples of expressive speech, classified according to speaking style. The resulting synthesizer was tested both in isolation and in the context of a virtual reality training scenario with animated characters.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Text-to-speech synthesis can play an important role in interactive education and training applications, as voices for animated agents. Such agents need high-quality voices capable of expressing intent and emotion. This paper presents preliminary results in an effort aimed at synthesizing expressive military speech for training applications. Such speech has acoustic and prosodic characteristics that can differ markedly from ordinary conversational speech. A limited domain synthesis approach is used employing samples of expressive speech, classified according to speaking style. The resulting synthesizer was tested both in isolation and in the context of a virtual reality training scenario with animated characters.
2071.
Gordon, Andrew S.
The Theory of Mind in Strategy Representations Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, George Mason University, 2002.
@inproceedings{gordon_theory_2002,
title = {The Theory of Mind in Strategy Representations},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20Theory%20of%20Mind%20in%20Strategy%20Representations.PDF},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-08-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci)},
publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
address = {George Mason University},
abstract = {Many scientific fields continue to explore cognition related to Theory of Mind abilities, where people reason about the mental states of themselves and others. Experimental and theoretical approaches to this problem have largely avoided issues concerning the contents of representations employed in this class of reasoning. In this paper, we describe a new approach to the investigation of representations related to Theory of Mind abilities that is based on the analysis of commonsense strategies. We argue that because the mental representations of strategies must include concepts of mental states and processes, the large-scale analysis of strategies can be informative of the representational scope of Theory of Mind abilities. The results of an analysis of this sort are presented as a description of thirty representational areas that organize the breadth of Theory of Mind concepts. Implications for Theory Theories and Simulation Theories of Theory of Mind reasoning are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Many scientific fields continue to explore cognition related to Theory of Mind abilities, where people reason about the mental states of themselves and others. Experimental and theoretical approaches to this problem have largely avoided issues concerning the contents of representations employed in this class of reasoning. In this paper, we describe a new approach to the investigation of representations related to Theory of Mind abilities that is based on the analysis of commonsense strategies. We argue that because the mental representations of strategies must include concepts of mental states and processes, the large-scale analysis of strategies can be informative of the representational scope of Theory of Mind abilities. The results of an analysis of this sort are presented as a description of thirty representational areas that organize the breadth of Theory of Mind concepts. Implications for Theory Theories and Simulation Theories of Theory of Mind reasoning are discussed.
2072.
Angros, Richard Jr.; Johnson, W. Lewis; Rickel, Jeff; Scholer, Andrew
Learning Domain Knowledge for Teaching Procedural Skills Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), Bologna, Italy, 2002.
@inproceedings{angros_learning_2002,
title = {Learning Domain Knowledge for Teaching Procedural Skills},
author = {Richard Jr. Angros and W. Lewis Johnson and Jeff Rickel and Andrew Scholer},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Learning%20Domain%20Knowledge%20for%20Teaching%20Procedural%20Skills.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-07-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
address = {Bologna, Italy},
abstract = {This paper describes a method for acquiring procedural knowledge for use by pedagogical agents in interactive simulation-based learning environments. Such agents need to be able to adapt their behavior to the changing conditions of the simulated world, and respond appropriately in mixed-initiative interactions with learners. This requires a good understanding of the goals and causal dependencies in the procedures being taught. Our method, inspired by human tutorial dialog, combines direct speciï¬cation, demonstration, and experimentation. The human instructor demonstrates the skill being taught, while the agent observes the effects of the procedure on the simulated world. The agent then autonomously experiments with the procedure, making modiï¬cations to it, in order to understand the role of each step in the procedure. At various points the instructor can provide clariï¬cations, and modify the developing procedural description as needed. This method is realized in a system called Diligent, which acquires procedural knowledge for the STEVE animated pedagogical agent.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper describes a method for acquiring procedural knowledge for use by pedagogical agents in interactive simulation-based learning environments. Such agents need to be able to adapt their behavior to the changing conditions of the simulated world, and respond appropriately in mixed-initiative interactions with learners. This requires a good understanding of the goals and causal dependencies in the procedures being taught. Our method, inspired by human tutorial dialog, combines direct speciï¬cation, demonstration, and experimentation. The human instructor demonstrates the skill being taught, while the agent observes the effects of the procedure on the simulated world. The agent then autonomously experiments with the procedure, making modiï¬cations to it, in order to understand the role of each step in the procedure. At various points the instructor can provide clariï¬cations, and modify the developing procedural description as needed. This method is realized in a system called Diligent, which acquires procedural knowledge for the STEVE animated pedagogical agent.
2073.
Traum, David; Rickel, Jeff
Embodied Agents for Multi-party Dialogue in Immersive Virtual Worlds Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), Bologna, Italy, 2002.
@inproceedings{traum_embodied_2002,
title = {Embodied Agents for Multi-party Dialogue in Immersive Virtual Worlds},
author = {David Traum and Jeff Rickel},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Embodied%20Agents%20for%20Multi-party%20Dialogue%20in%20Immersive%20%20Virtual%20Worlds.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-07-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
address = {Bologna, Italy},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
2074.
Kovar, Lucas; Gleicher, Michael; Pighin, Frédéric
Motion Graphs Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '02, San Antonio, TX, 2002.
@inproceedings{kovar_motion_2002,
title = {Motion Graphs},
author = {Lucas Kovar and Michael Gleicher and Frédéric Pighin},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Motion%20Graphs.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-07-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '02},
address = {San Antonio, TX},
abstract = {n this paper we present a novel method for creating realistic, controllable motion. Given a corpus of motion capture data, we automatically construct a directed graph called a motion graph that encapsulates connections among the database. The motion graph consists both of pieces of original motion and automatically generated transitions. Motion can be generated simply by building walks on the graph. We present a general framework for extracting particular graph walks that meet a user's specifications. We then show how this framework can be applied to the specific problem of generating different styles of locomotion along arbitrary paths.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
n this paper we present a novel method for creating realistic, controllable motion. Given a corpus of motion capture data, we automatically construct a directed graph called a motion graph that encapsulates connections among the database. The motion graph consists both of pieces of original motion and automatically generated transitions. Motion can be generated simply by building walks on the graph. We present a general framework for extracting particular graph walks that meet a user's specifications. We then show how this framework can be applied to the specific problem of generating different styles of locomotion along arbitrary paths.
2075.
Debevec, Paul; Wenger, Andreas; Tchou, Chris; Gardner, Andrew; Waese, Jamie; Hawkins, Tim
A Lighting Reproduction Approach to Live-Action Compositing Proceedings Article
In: SIGGRAPH 2002, pp. 547–556, San Antonio, TX, 2002.
@inproceedings{debevec_lighting_2002,
title = {A Lighting Reproduction Approach to Live-Action Compositing},
author = {Paul Debevec and Andreas Wenger and Chris Tchou and Andrew Gardner and Jamie Waese and Tim Hawkins},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Lighting%20Reproduction%20Approach%20to%20Live-Action%20Compositing.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-07-01},
booktitle = {SIGGRAPH 2002},
pages = {547–556},
address = {San Antonio, TX},
abstract = {We describe a process for compositing a live performance of an actor into a virtual set wherein the actor is consistently illuminated by the virtual environment. The Light Stage used in this work is a two-meter sphere of inward-pointing RGB light emitting diodes focused on the actor, where each light can be set to an arbitrary color and intensity to replicate a real-world or virtual lighting environment. We implement a digital two-camera infrared matting system to composite the actor into the background plate of the environment without affecting the visible-spectrum illumination on the actor. The color reponse of the system is calibrated to produce correct color renditions of the actor as illuminated by the environment. We demonstrate moving-camera composites of actors into real-world environments and virtual sets such that the actor is properly illuminated by the environment into which they are composited.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We describe a process for compositing a live performance of an actor into a virtual set wherein the actor is consistently illuminated by the virtual environment. The Light Stage used in this work is a two-meter sphere of inward-pointing RGB light emitting diodes focused on the actor, where each light can be set to an arbitrary color and intensity to replicate a real-world or virtual lighting environment. We implement a digital two-camera infrared matting system to composite the actor into the background plate of the environment without affecting the visible-spectrum illumination on the actor. The color reponse of the system is calibrated to produce correct color renditions of the actor as illuminated by the environment. We demonstrate moving-camera composites of actors into real-world environments and virtual sets such that the actor is properly illuminated by the environment into which they are composited.
2076.
Marsella, Stacy C.; Gratch, Jonathan
Modeling the Influence of Emotion on Belief for Virtual Training Simulations Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Simulation, Orlando, FL, 2002.
@inproceedings{marsella_modeling_2002,
title = {Modeling the Influence of Emotion on Belief for Virtual Training Simulations},
author = {Stacy C. Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Modeling%20the%20influence%20of%20emotion.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-06-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Simulation},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {Recognizing and managing emotion in oneself and in those under ones command is an important component of leadership training. Most computational models of emotion have focused on the problem of identifying emotional features of the physical environment and mapping that into motivations to act in the world. But emotions also influence how we perceive the world and how we communicate that perception to others. This paper outlines an initial computational foray into this more vexing problem.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Recognizing and managing emotion in oneself and in those under ones command is an important component of leadership training. Most computational models of emotion have focused on the problem of identifying emotional features of the physical environment and mapping that into motivations to act in the world. But emotions also influence how we perceive the world and how we communicate that perception to others. This paper outlines an initial computational foray into this more vexing problem.
2077.
Gordon, Andrew S.; Lent, Michael
Virtual Humans as Participants vs. Virtual Humans as Actors Proceedings Article
In: AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment, Stanford University, 2002.
@inproceedings{gordon_virtual_2002,
title = {Virtual Humans as Participants vs. Virtual Humans as Actors},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon and Michael Lent},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Humans%20as%20Participants%20vs%20Virtual%20Humans%20as%20Actors.PDF},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-03-01},
booktitle = {AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment},
address = {Stanford University},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
2078.
Gordon, Andrew S.
Enabling and recognizing strategic play in strategy games: Lessons from Sun Tzu Proceedings Article
In: The 2002 AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment, Stanford University, 2002.
@inproceedings{gordon_enabling_2002,
title = {Enabling and recognizing strategic play in strategy games: Lessons from Sun Tzu},
author = {Andrew S. Gordon},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Enabling%20and%20recognizing%20strategic%20play%20in%20strategy%20games-%20Lessons%20from%20Sun%20Tzu.PDF},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-03-01},
booktitle = {The 2002 AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Entertainment},
address = {Stanford University},
abstract = {The interactive entertainment genre of the strategy game entertains users by allowing them to engage in strategic play, which should encourage game designers to devote development efforts toward facilitating users that wish to employ commonsense strategies, and to recognize and react to specific user strategies during game play. This paper attempts to facilitate these development efforts by identifying and analyzing 43 strategies from Sun Tzu's The Art of War, which are broadly applicable across games in the strategy game genre. For each strategy, a set of specific actions are identified that should be provided to users to enable their execution, along with generalized recognition rules that can facilitatethe design of entertaining responses to users' strategic behavior. Consideration of how the enabling actions could be incorporated into an existing strategy game is provided.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The interactive entertainment genre of the strategy game entertains users by allowing them to engage in strategic play, which should encourage game designers to devote development efforts toward facilitating users that wish to employ commonsense strategies, and to recognize and react to specific user strategies during game play. This paper attempts to facilitate these development efforts by identifying and analyzing 43 strategies from Sun Tzu's The Art of War, which are broadly applicable across games in the strategy game genre. For each strategy, a set of specific actions are identified that should be provided to users to enable their execution, along with generalized recognition rules that can facilitatethe design of entertaining responses to users' strategic behavior. Consideration of how the enabling actions could be incorporated into an existing strategy game is provided.
2079.
Fleischman, Michael; Hovy, Eduard
Emotional Variation in Speech-Based Natural Language Generation Proceedings Article
In: International Natural Language Generation Conference, 2002.
@inproceedings{fleischman_emotional_2002,
title = {Emotional Variation in Speech-Based Natural Language Generation},
author = {Michael Fleischman and Eduard Hovy},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Emotional%20Variation%20in%20Speech-Based%20Natural%20Language%20Generation.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
booktitle = {International Natural Language Generation Conference},
abstract = {We present a framework for handling emotional variations in a speech-based natural language system for use in the MRE virtual training environment. The system is a first step toward addressing issues in emotion-based modeling of verbal communicative behavior. We cast the problem of emotional generation as a distance minimization task, in which the system chooses between multiple valid realizations for a given input based on the emotional distance of each realization from the speaker's attitude toward that input.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We present a framework for handling emotional variations in a speech-based natural language system for use in the MRE virtual training environment. The system is a first step toward addressing issues in emotion-based modeling of verbal communicative behavior. We cast the problem of emotional generation as a distance minimization task, in which the system chooses between multiple valid realizations for a given input based on the emotional distance of each realization from the speaker's attitude toward that input.
2080.
Debevec, Paul
A Tutorial on Image-Based Lighting Journal Article
In: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2002.
@article{debevec_tutorial_2002,
title = {A Tutorial on Image-Based Lighting},
author = {Paul Debevec},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Image-Based%20Lighting.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Filter
Sorry, no publications matched your criteria.