Publications
Search
841.
Gandhe, Sudeep; Traum, David
First Steps Towards Dialogue Modelling from an Un-annotated Human-Human Corpus Proceedings Article
In: 5th Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems, Hyderabad, India, 2007.
@inproceedings{gandhe_first_2007,
title = {First Steps Towards Dialogue Modelling from an Un-annotated Human-Human Corpus},
author = {Sudeep Gandhe and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/First%20Steps%20towards%20Dialogue%20Modelling%20from%20an%20Un-annotated%20Human-Human%20Corpus.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
booktitle = {5th Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems},
address = {Hyderabad, India},
abstract = {Virtual human characters equipped with natural language dialogue capability have proved useful in many fields like simulation training and interactive games. Generally behind such dialogue managers lies a complex knowledge-rich rule-based system. Building such system involves meticulous annotation of data and hand autoring of rules. In this paper we build a statistical dialogue model from roleplay and wizard of oz dialog corpus with virtually no annotation. We compare these methods with the tra ditional approaches. We have evaluated these systems for perceived appropriateness of response and the results are presented here.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Virtual human characters equipped with natural language dialogue capability have proved useful in many fields like simulation training and interactive games. Generally behind such dialogue managers lies a complex knowledge-rich rule-based system. Building such system involves meticulous annotation of data and hand autoring of rules. In this paper we build a statistical dialogue model from roleplay and wizard of oz dialog corpus with virtually no annotation. We compare these methods with the tra ditional approaches. We have evaluated these systems for perceived appropriateness of response and the results are presented here.
842.
Core, Mark; Traum, David; Lane, H. Chad; Swartout, William; Marsella, Stacy C.; Gratch, Jonathan; Lent, Michael
Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans Journal Article
In: Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation, vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 685–701, 2006.
@article{core_teaching_2006,
title = {Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans},
author = {Mark Core and David Traum and H. Chad Lane and William Swartout and Stacy C. Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Michael Lent},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Teaching%20Negotiation%20Skills.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
journal = {Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation},
volume = {82},
number = {11},
pages = {685–701},
abstract = {Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of virtual humans with rich mental models (e.g., including emotions, trust) that interact through conversational as well as physical behaviors. The motivation for such simulations is training soft skills such as leadership, cultural awareness, and negotiation, where the majority of actions are conversational, and the problem solving involves consideration of the emotions, attitudes, and desires of others.The educational power of such simulations can be enhanced by the integration of an intelligent tutoring system to support learners� understanding of the effect of their actions on virtual humans and how they might improve their performance. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build such virtual humans, along with an accompanying intelligent tutor, for the domain of negotiation and cultural awareness.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of virtual humans with rich mental models (e.g., including emotions, trust) that interact through conversational as well as physical behaviors. The motivation for such simulations is training soft skills such as leadership, cultural awareness, and negotiation, where the majority of actions are conversational, and the problem solving involves consideration of the emotions, attitudes, and desires of others.The educational power of such simulations can be enhanced by the integration of an intelligent tutoring system to support learners� understanding of the effect of their actions on virtual humans and how they might improve their performance. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build such virtual humans, along with an accompanying intelligent tutor, for the domain of negotiation and cultural awareness.
843.
Gratch, Jonathan; Okhmatovskaia, Anna; Duncan, Susan
Virtual Humans for the Study of Rapport in Cross Cultural Settings Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference, Orlando, FL, 2006.
@inproceedings{gratch_virtual_2006,
title = {Virtual Humans for the Study of Rapport in Cross Cultural Settings},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Anna Okhmatovskaia and Susan Duncan},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/VIRTUAL%20HUMANS%20FOR%20THE%20STUDY%20OF%20RAPPORT%20IN%20CROSS%20CULTURAL%20SETTINGS.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {As an increasing part of the Army's mission involves establishing rapport with diverse populations, training interpersonal skills becomes critically important. Here we describe a "Rapport Agent" that senses and responds to a speakerQs nonverbal behavior and provide empirical evidence that it increases speaker fluency and engagement. We argue such agent technology has potential, both as a training system to enhance communication skills, and to assess the key factors that influence rapport in face-to-face interactions. We conclude by discussing ways the nonverbal correlates of rapport vary between Arabic and English speakers and discuss the potential of such technology to advance research and training into rapport in cross-cultural settings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
As an increasing part of the Army's mission involves establishing rapport with diverse populations, training interpersonal skills becomes critically important. Here we describe a "Rapport Agent" that senses and responds to a speakerQs nonverbal behavior and provide empirical evidence that it increases speaker fluency and engagement. We argue such agent technology has potential, both as a training system to enhance communication skills, and to assess the key factors that influence rapport in face-to-face interactions. We conclude by discussing ways the nonverbal correlates of rapport vary between Arabic and English speakers and discuss the potential of such technology to advance research and training into rapport in cross-cultural settings.
844.
Rizzo, Albert; Pair, Jarrell; Parsons, Thomas D.; Liewer, Matt; Graap, Ken; Difede, JoAnn; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Reger, Greg; Roy, Michael
A Virtual Reality Therapy Application for OEF/OIF Combat-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference, Orlando, FL, 2006.
@inproceedings{rizzo_virtual_2006-1,
title = {A Virtual Reality Therapy Application for OEF/OIF Combat-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder},
author = {Albert Rizzo and Jarrell Pair and Thomas D. Parsons and Matt Liewer and Ken Graap and JoAnn Difede and Barbara O. Rothbaum and Greg Reger and Michael Roy},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20VIRTUAL%20REALITY%20THERAPY%20APPLICATION%20FOR%20OEF%20OIF%20COMBAT-RELATED%20POST%20TRAUMATIC%20STRESS%20DISORDER.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale, technical specifications, application features and user-centered design process for the development of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application. The VR treatment environment is being created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far we have created a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant contexts for exposure therapy to be conducted in VR, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system in Iraq tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Camp Pendleton and at the San Diego Naval Medical Center. Other sites are preparing to use the application for a variety of PTSD and VR research purposes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale, technical specifications, application features and user-centered design process for the development of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application. The VR treatment environment is being created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far we have created a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant contexts for exposure therapy to be conducted in VR, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system in Iraq tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Clinical trials are currently underway at Camp Pendleton and at the San Diego Naval Medical Center. Other sites are preparing to use the application for a variety of PTSD and VR research purposes.
845.
Leuski, Anton; Kennedy, Brandon; Patel, Ronakkumar; Traum, David
Asking Questions to Limited Domain Virtual Characters: How Good Does Speech Recognition Have to Be? Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference, Orlando, FL, 2006.
@inproceedings{leuski_asking_2006,
title = {Asking Questions to Limited Domain Virtual Characters: How Good Does Speech Recognition Have to Be?},
author = {Anton Leuski and Brandon Kennedy and Ronakkumar Patel and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Asking%20Questions%20to%20Limited%20Domain%20Virtual%20Characters.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {In this paper, we describe the evaluation of a limited domain question-answering characters, particularly as to the effect of non-optimal speech recognition, and the ability to appropriately answer novel questions. Results show that answering ability is robust until speech recognition reaches over 60% Word error rate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper, we describe the evaluation of a limited domain question-answering characters, particularly as to the effect of non-optimal speech recognition, and the ability to appropriately answer novel questions. Results show that answering ability is robust until speech recognition reaches over 60% Word error rate.
846.
Hill, Randall W.; Kim, Julia; Zbylut, MIchelle L.; Gordon, Andrew S.; Traum, David; Gandhe, Sudeep; King, Stewart; Lavis, Salvo; Rocher, Scott
AXL.Net: Web-enabled Case Method Instruction for Accelerating Tacit Knowledge Acquisition in Leaders Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference, Orlando, FL, 2006.
@inproceedings{hill_axlnet_2006,
title = {AXL.Net: Web-enabled Case Method Instruction for Accelerating Tacit Knowledge Acquisition in Leaders},
author = {Randall W. Hill and Julia Kim and MIchelle L. Zbylut and Andrew S. Gordon and David Traum and Sudeep Gandhe and Stewart King and Salvo Lavis and Scott Rocher},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/AXLNet-%20Web-enabled%20Case%20Method%20Instruction%20for%20Accelerating%20Tacit%20Knowledge%20Acquisition%20in%20Leaders.PDF},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-11-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Army Science Conference},
address = {Orlando, FL},
abstract = {AXL.Net is a prototype web-based immersive technology solution that supports case method teaching for U.S. Army leader development. The AXL.Net system addresses three challenges: (1) designing a pedagogicallysound research prototype for leader development, (2) integrating research technologies with the best of Web 2.0 innovations to enhance case method teaching, and (3) providing an easy to use system. Initial evaluations show that the prototype application and framework is effective for leader development.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
AXL.Net is a prototype web-based immersive technology solution that supports case method teaching for U.S. Army leader development. The AXL.Net system addresses three challenges: (1) designing a pedagogicallysound research prototype for leader development, (2) integrating research technologies with the best of Web 2.0 innovations to enhance case method teaching, and (3) providing an easy to use system. Initial evaluations show that the prototype application and framework is effective for leader development.
847.
Roque, Antonio; Leuski, Anton; Rangarajan, Vivek; Robinson, Susan; Vaswani, Ashish; Narayanan, Shrikanth; Traum, David
Radiobot-CFF: A Spoken Dialogue System for Military Training Proceedings Article
In: Interspeech 2006, Pittsburgh, PA, 2006.
@inproceedings{roque_radiobot-cff_2006,
title = {Radiobot-CFF: A Spoken Dialogue System for Military Training},
author = {Antonio Roque and Anton Leuski and Vivek Rangarajan and Susan Robinson and Ashish Vaswani and Shrikanth Narayanan and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Radiobot-CFF-%20A%20Spoken%20Dialogue%20System%20for%20Military%20Training.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-09-01},
booktitle = {Interspeech 2006},
address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
abstract = {We describe a spoken dialogue system which can engage in Call For Fire (CFF) radio dialogues to help train soldiers in proper procedures for requesting artillery fire missions. We describethe domain, an information-state dialogue manager with a novel system of interactive information components, and provide evaluation results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We describe a spoken dialogue system which can engage in Call For Fire (CFF) radio dialogues to help train soldiers in proper procedures for requesting artillery fire missions. We describethe domain, an information-state dialogue manager with a novel system of interactive information components, and provide evaluation results.
848.
Tepperman, Joseph; Traum, David; Narayanan, Shrikanth
"Yeah Right": Sarcasm Recognition for Spoken Dialogue Systems Proceedings Article
In: Interspeech 2006, Pittsburgh, PA, 2006.
@inproceedings{tepperman_yeah_2006,
title = {"Yeah Right": Sarcasm Recognition for Spoken Dialogue Systems},
author = {Joseph Tepperman and David Traum and Shrikanth Narayanan},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Yeah%20Right-%20Sarcasm%20Recognition%20for%20Spoken%20Dialogue%20Systems.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-09-01},
booktitle = {Interspeech 2006},
address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
abstract = {The robust understanding of sarcasm in a spoken dialogue system requires a reformulation of the dialogue manager's basic assumptions behind, for example, user behavior and grounding strategies. But automatically detecting a sarcastic tone of voice is not a simple matter. This paper presents some experiments toward sarcasm recognition using prosodic, spectral, and contextual cues. Our results demonstrate that spectral and contextual features can be used to detect sarcasm as well as a human annotator would, and confirm a long-held claim in the field of psychology — that prosody alone is not sufficient to discern whether a speaker is being sarcastic.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The robust understanding of sarcasm in a spoken dialogue system requires a reformulation of the dialogue manager's basic assumptions behind, for example, user behavior and grounding strategies. But automatically detecting a sarcastic tone of voice is not a simple matter. This paper presents some experiments toward sarcasm recognition using prosodic, spectral, and contextual cues. Our results demonstrate that spectral and contextual features can be used to detect sarcasm as well as a human annotator would, and confirm a long-held claim in the field of psychology — that prosody alone is not sufficient to discern whether a speaker is being sarcastic.
849.
Patel, Ronakkumar; Leuski, Anton; Traum, David
Dealing with Out of Domain Questions in Virtual Characters Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina del Rey, CA, 2006.
@inproceedings{patel_dealing_2006,
title = {Dealing with Out of Domain Questions in Virtual Characters},
author = {Ronakkumar Patel and Anton Leuski and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Dealing%20with%20Out%20of%20Domain%20Questions%20in%20Virtual%20Characters.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-08-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
abstract = {We consider the problem of designing virtual characters that support speech-based interactions in a limited domain. Previously we have shown that classification can be an effective and robust tool for selecting appropriate in-domain responses. In this paper, we consider the problem of dealing with out-of-domain user questions. We introduce a taxonomy of out-of-domain response types. We consider three classification architectures for selecting the most appropriate out-of-domain responses. We evaluate these architectures and show that they significantly improve the quality of the response selection making the user?s interaction with the virtual character more natural and engaging.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We consider the problem of designing virtual characters that support speech-based interactions in a limited domain. Previously we have shown that classification can be an effective and robust tool for selecting appropriate in-domain responses. In this paper, we consider the problem of dealing with out-of-domain user questions. We introduce a taxonomy of out-of-domain response types. We consider three classification architectures for selecting the most appropriate out-of-domain responses. We evaluate these architectures and show that they significantly improve the quality of the response selection making the user?s interaction with the virtual character more natural and engaging.
850.
Gluck, Kevin A.; Gunzelmann, Glenn; Gratch, Jonathan; Hudlicka, Eva; Ritter, Frank E.
Modeling the Impact of Cognitive Moderators on Human Cognition and Performance Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference of the Cognitive Society, pp. 2658, Vancouver, CA, 2006.
@inproceedings{gluck_modeling_2006,
title = {Modeling the Impact of Cognitive Moderators on Human Cognition and Performance},
author = {Kevin A. Gluck and Glenn Gunzelmann and Jonathan Gratch and Eva Hudlicka and Frank E. Ritter},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Modeling%20the%20Impact%20of%20Cognitive%20Moderators%20on%20Human%20Cognition%20and%20Performance.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-08-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 Conference of the Cognitive Society},
pages = {2658},
address = {Vancouver, CA},
abstract = {Cognitive moderators, such as emotions, personality, stress, and fatigue, represent an emerging area of research within the cognitive science community and are increasingly acknowledged as important and ubiquitous influences on cognitive processes. This symposium brings together scientists engaged in research to develop models that help us better understand the mechanisms through which these factors impact human cognition and performance. There are two unifying themes across the presentations. One theme is a commitment to developing computational models useful for simulating the processes that produce the effects and phenomena of interest. The second theme is a commitment to assessing the validity of the models by comparing their performance against empirical human data.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Cognitive moderators, such as emotions, personality, stress, and fatigue, represent an emerging area of research within the cognitive science community and are increasingly acknowledged as important and ubiquitous influences on cognitive processes. This symposium brings together scientists engaged in research to develop models that help us better understand the mechanisms through which these factors impact human cognition and performance. There are two unifying themes across the presentations. One theme is a commitment to developing computational models useful for simulating the processes that produce the effects and phenomena of interest. The second theme is a commitment to assessing the validity of the models by comparing their performance against empirical human data.
851.
Marsella, Stacy C.; Carnicke, Sharon Marie; Gratch, Jonathan; Okhmatovskaia, Anna; Rizzo, Albert
An Exploration of Delsartes Structural Acting System Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA), pp. 80–92, Marina del Rey, CA, 2006.
@inproceedings{marsella_exploration_2006,
title = {An Exploration of Delsartes Structural Acting System},
author = {Stacy C. Marsella and Sharon Marie Carnicke and Jonathan Gratch and Anna Okhmatovskaia and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/An%20Exploration%20of%20Delsarte%E2%80%99s%20Structural%20Acting%20System.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-08-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
pages = {80–92},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
abstract = {The designers of virtual agents often draw on a large research literature in psychology, linguistics and human ethology to design embodied agents that can interact with people. In this paper, we consider a structural acting system developed by Francois Delsarte as a possible resource in designing the nonverbal behavior of embodied agents. Using human subjects,we evaluate one component of the system, Delsarte's Cube, that addresses the meaning of differing attitudes of the hand in gestures.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The designers of virtual agents often draw on a large research literature in psychology, linguistics and human ethology to design embodied agents that can interact with people. In this paper, we consider a structural acting system developed by Francois Delsarte as a possible resource in designing the nonverbal behavior of embodied agents. Using human subjects,we evaluate one component of the system, Delsarte's Cube, that addresses the meaning of differing attitudes of the hand in gestures.
852.
Gratch, Jonathan; Okhmatovskaia, Anna; Lamothe, Francois; Marsella, Stacy C.; Morales, Mathieu; Werf, R. J.; Morency, Louis-Philippe
Virtual Rapport Proceedings Article
In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 14–27, Marina del Rey, CA, 2006.
@inproceedings{gratch_virtual_2006-1,
title = {Virtual Rapport},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Anna Okhmatovskaia and Francois Lamothe and Stacy C. Marsella and Mathieu Morales and R. J. Werf and Louis-Philippe Morency},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Rapport.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-08-01},
booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {4311},
pages = {14–27},
address = {Marina del Rey, CA},
abstract = {Effective face-to-face conversations are highly interactive. Participants respond to each other, engaging in nonconscious behavioral mimicry and backchanneling feedback. Such behaviors produce a subjective sense of rapport and are correlated with effective communication, greater liking and trust, and greater influence between participants. Creating rapport requires a tight sense-act loop that has been traditionally lacking in embodied conversational agents. Here we describe a system, based on psycholinguistic theory, designed to create a sense of rapport between a human speaker and virtual human listener. We provide empirical evidence that it increases speaker fluency and engagement.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Effective face-to-face conversations are highly interactive. Participants respond to each other, engaging in nonconscious behavioral mimicry and backchanneling feedback. Such behaviors produce a subjective sense of rapport and are correlated with effective communication, greater liking and trust, and greater influence between participants. Creating rapport requires a tight sense-act loop that has been traditionally lacking in embodied conversational agents. Here we describe a system, based on psycholinguistic theory, designed to create a sense of rapport between a human speaker and virtual human listener. We provide empirical evidence that it increases speaker fluency and engagement.
853.
Leuski, Anton; Patel, Ronakkumar; Traum, David; Kennedy, Brandon
Building Effective Question Answering Characters Proceedings Article
In: 7th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue, Sydney, Australia, 2006.
@inproceedings{leuski_building_2006,
title = {Building Effective Question Answering Characters},
author = {Anton Leuski and Ronakkumar Patel and David Traum and Brandon Kennedy},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Building%20Effective%20Question%20Answering%20Characters.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-07-01},
booktitle = {7th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
abstract = {In this paper, we describe methods for building and evaluation of limited domain question-answering characters. Several classification techniques are tested, including text classification using support vector machines, language-model based retrieval, and cross-language information retrieval techniques, with the latter having the highest success rate. We also evaluated the effect of speech recognition errors on performance with users, finding that retrieval is robust until recognition reaches over 50% WER.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper, we describe methods for building and evaluation of limited domain question-answering characters. Several classification techniques are tested, including text classification using support vector machines, language-model based retrieval, and cross-language information retrieval techniques, with the latter having the highest success rate. We also evaluated the effect of speech recognition errors on performance with users, finding that retrieval is robust until recognition reaches over 50% WER.
854.
Roque, Antonio; Traum, David
An Information State-Based Dialogue Manager for Call for Fire Dialogues Proceedings Article
In: 7th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue, Sydney, Australia, 2006.
@inproceedings{roque_information_2006,
title = {An Information State-Based Dialogue Manager for Call for Fire Dialogues},
author = {Antonio Roque and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/An%20Information%20State-Based%20Dialogue%20Manager%20for%20Call%20for%20Fire%20Dialogues.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-07-01},
booktitle = {7th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
abstract = {We present a dialogue manager for "Call for Fire" training dialogues. We describe the training environment, the domain, the features of its novel information state-based dialogue manager, the system it is a part of, and preliminary evaluation results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We present a dialogue manager for "Call for Fire" training dialogues. We describe the training environment, the domain, the features of its novel information state-based dialogue manager, the system it is a part of, and preliminary evaluation results.
855.
Gratch, Jonathan; Marsella, Stacy C.; Egges, Arjan; Eliëns, Anton; Isbister, Katherine; Paiva, Ana; Rist, Thomas; Hagen, Paul
Design criteria, techniques and case studies for creating and evaluating interactive experiences for virtual humans Proceedings Article
In: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, 2006.
@inproceedings{gratch_design_2006,
title = {Design criteria, techniques and case studies for creating and evaluating interactive experiences for virtual humans},
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella and Arjan Egges and Anton Eliëns and Katherine Isbister and Ana Paiva and Thomas Rist and Paul Hagen},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Design%20criteria%20techniques%20and%20case%20studies%20for%20creating%20and%20evaluating%20interactive%20experiences%20for%20virtual%20humans.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-06-01},
booktitle = {Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings},
abstract = {How does one go about designing a human? With the rise in recent years of virtual humans this is no longer purely a philosophical question. Virtual humans are intelligent agents with a body, often a human-like graphical body, that interact verbally and non-verbally with human users on a variety of tasks and applications. At a recent meeting on this subject, the above authors participated in a several day discussion on the question of virtual human design. Our working group approached this question from the perspective of interactivity. Specifically, how can one design effective interactive experiences involving a virtual human, and what constraints does this goal place on the form and function of an embodied conversational agent. Our group grappled with several related questions: What ideals should designers aspire to, what sources of theory and data will best lead to this goal and what methodologies can inform and validate the design process? This article summarizes our output and suggests a specific framework, borrowed from interactive media design, as a vehicle for advancing the state of interactive experiences with virtual humans.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
How does one go about designing a human? With the rise in recent years of virtual humans this is no longer purely a philosophical question. Virtual humans are intelligent agents with a body, often a human-like graphical body, that interact verbally and non-verbally with human users on a variety of tasks and applications. At a recent meeting on this subject, the above authors participated in a several day discussion on the question of virtual human design. Our working group approached this question from the perspective of interactivity. Specifically, how can one design effective interactive experiences involving a virtual human, and what constraints does this goal place on the form and function of an embodied conversational agent. Our group grappled with several related questions: What ideals should designers aspire to, what sources of theory and data will best lead to this goal and what methodologies can inform and validate the design process? This article summarizes our output and suggests a specific framework, borrowed from interactive media design, as a vehicle for advancing the state of interactive experiences with virtual humans.
856.
Traum, David
Talking to Virtual Humans: Dialogue Models and Methodologies for Embodied Conversational Agents Book Section
In: Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans, pp. 296–309, 2006.
@incollection{traum_talking_2006,
title = {Talking to Virtual Humans: Dialogue Models and Methodologies for Embodied Conversational Agents},
author = {David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Talking%20to%20Virtual%20Humans.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-04-01},
booktitle = {Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans},
pages = {296–309},
abstract = {Virtual Humans are artificial characters who look and act like humans, but inhabit a simulated environment. One important aspect of many virtual humans is their communicative dialogue ability. In this paper we outline a methodology for study of dialogue behavior and construction of virtual humans. We also consider three architectures for different types of virtual humans that have been built at the Institute for Creative Technologies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {incollection}
}
Virtual Humans are artificial characters who look and act like humans, but inhabit a simulated environment. One important aspect of many virtual humans is their communicative dialogue ability. In this paper we outline a methodology for study of dialogue behavior and construction of virtual humans. We also consider three architectures for different types of virtual humans that have been built at the Institute for Creative Technologies.
857.
Marsella, Stacy C.; Gratch, Jonathan
EMA: A computational model of appraisal dynamics Proceedings Article
In: Agent Construction and Emotions: Modeling the Cognitive Antecedents and Consequences of Emotion, Vienna, Austria, 2006.
@inproceedings{marsella_ema_2006,
title = {EMA: A computational model of appraisal dynamics},
author = {Stacy C. Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/EMA-%20A%20computational%20model%20of%20appraisal%20dynamics.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-04-01},
booktitle = {Agent Construction and Emotions: Modeling the Cognitive Antecedents and Consequences of Emotion},
address = {Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {A computational model of emotion must explain both the rapid dynamics of some emotional reactions as well as the slower responses that follow deliberation. This is often addressed by positing multiple appraisal processes such as fast pattern directed vs. slower deliberative appraisals. In our view, this confuses appraisal with inference. Rather, we argue for a single and automatic appraisal process that operates over a person’s interpretation of their relationship to the environment. Dynamics arise from perceptual and inferential processes operating on this interpretation (including deliberative and reactive processes). We illustrate this perspective through the computational modeling of a naturalistic emotional situation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A computational model of emotion must explain both the rapid dynamics of some emotional reactions as well as the slower responses that follow deliberation. This is often addressed by positing multiple appraisal processes such as fast pattern directed vs. slower deliberative appraisals. In our view, this confuses appraisal with inference. Rather, we argue for a single and automatic appraisal process that operates over a person’s interpretation of their relationship to the environment. Dynamics arise from perceptual and inferential processes operating on this interpretation (including deliberative and reactive processes). We illustrate this perspective through the computational modeling of a naturalistic emotional situation.
858.
Rizzo, Albert; Pair, Jarrell; Graap, Ken; Manson, Brian; McNerney, Peter J.; Wiederhold, Brenda K.; Wiederhold, Mark; Spira, James
A Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Application for Iraq War Military Personnel with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: From Training to Toy to Treatment Proceedings Article
In: NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Novel Approached to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2006.
@inproceedings{rizzo_virtual_2006,
title = {A Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Application for Iraq War Military Personnel with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: From Training to Toy to Treatment},
author = {Albert Rizzo and Jarrell Pair and Ken Graap and Brian Manson and Peter J. McNerney and Brenda K. Wiederhold and Mark Wiederhold and James Spira},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Virtual%20Reality%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Application%20for%20Iraq%20War%20Military%20Personnel%20with%20Post%20Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder-%20From%20Training%20to%20Toy%20to%20Treatment.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-03-01},
booktitle = {NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Novel Approached to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experiences including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) exposure treatment has been used in previous treatments of PTSD patients with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to specify the rationale, design and development of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR application that has been created from the virtual assets that were initially developed for a combat tactical training simulation, which then served as the inspiration for the X-Box game entitled Full Spectrum Warrior.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experiences including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) exposure treatment has been used in previous treatments of PTSD patients with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to specify the rationale, design and development of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR application that has been created from the virtual assets that were initially developed for a combat tactical training simulation, which then served as the inspiration for the X-Box game entitled Full Spectrum Warrior.
859.
Pair, Jarrell; Allen, Brian; Dautricourt, Matthieu; Treskunov, Anton; Liewer, Matt; Graap, Ken; Reger, Greg; Rizzo, Albert
A Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Application for Iraq War Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the IEEE VR 2006 Conference, pp. 64–71, Alexandria, VA, 2006.
@inproceedings{pair_virtual_2006,
title = {A Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Application for Iraq War Post Traumatic Stress Disorder},
author = {Jarrell Pair and Brian Allen and Matthieu Dautricourt and Anton Treskunov and Matt Liewer and Ken Graap and Greg Reger and Albert Rizzo},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Virtual%20Reality%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Application%20for%20Iraq%20War%20Post%20Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-03-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE VR 2006 Conference},
pages = {64–71},
address = {Alexandria, VA},
abstract = {Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experiences including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) exposure treatment has been used in previous treatments of PTSD patients with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale, technical specifications, application features and user-centered design process for the development of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application. The VR treatment environment is being created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far we have created a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant contexts for exposure therapy to be conducted in VR, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-Centered tests with the application are currently underway at the Naval Medical Center–San Diego and within an Army Combat Stress Control Team in Iraq with clinical trials scheduled to commence in February 2006.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experiences including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) exposure treatment has been used in previous treatments of PTSD patients with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale, technical specifications, application features and user-centered design process for the development of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application. The VR treatment environment is being created via the recycling of virtual graphic assets that were initially built for the U.S. Army-funded combat tactical simulation scenario and commercially successful X-Box game, Full Spectrum Warrior, in addition to other available and newly created assets. Thus far we have created a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant contexts for exposure therapy to be conducted in VR, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-Centered tests with the application are currently underway at the Naval Medical Center–San Diego and within an Army Combat Stress Control Team in Iraq with clinical trials scheduled to commence in February 2006.
860.
Gandhe, Sudeep; Gordon, Andrew S.; Traum, David
Improving Question-Answering With Linking Dialogues Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2006), Sydney, Australia, 2006.
@inproceedings{gandhe_improving_2006,
title = {Improving Question-Answering With Linking Dialogues},
author = {Sudeep Gandhe and Andrew S. Gordon and David Traum},
url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Improving%20Question-Answering%20With%20Linking%20Dialogues%20.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2006)},
address = {Sydney, Australia},
abstract = {Question-answering dialogue systems have found many applications in interactive learning environments. This paper is concerned with one such application for Army leadership training, where trainees input free-text questions that elicit pre-recorded video responses. Since these responses are already crafted before the question is asked, a certain degree of incoherence exists between the question that is asked and the answer that is given. This paper explores the use of short linking dialogues that stand in between the question and its video response to alleviate the problem of incoherence. We describe a set of experiments with human generated linking dialogues that demonstrate their added value. We then describe our implementation of an automated method for utilizing linking dialogues and show that these have better coherence properties than the original system without linking dialogues.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Question-answering dialogue systems have found many applications in interactive learning environments. This paper is concerned with one such application for Army leadership training, where trainees input free-text questions that elicit pre-recorded video responses. Since these responses are already crafted before the question is asked, a certain degree of incoherence exists between the question that is asked and the answer that is given. This paper explores the use of short linking dialogues that stand in between the question and its video response to alleviate the problem of incoherence. We describe a set of experiments with human generated linking dialogues that demonstrate their added value. We then describe our implementation of an automated method for utilizing linking dialogues and show that these have better coherence properties than the original system without linking dialogues.
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